Analogue and Digital Communication Lab

(EL-323)

LABORATORY MANUAL

Engr. Waqas Bin Abbas

Engr. Fakhar Abbas
SSB Modulation and Demodulation using Matlab and
Comparison of Amplitude Modulation Schemes
(LAB # 05)
Student Name: UMAR KHURRAM MIRZA

Roll No: 17I-0521 Section: _C___

Date performed: _____________, 2019

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD

Prepared by: Engr. M. Asim, Engr. Ihtisham Khalid Version: 2.01

Last Edited by: Engr. Fakhar Abbas
Verified by: Dr. Waqas Bin Abbas Updated: Fall 2019
Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
Communication Lab
(EL323)
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2019
05
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Lab # 05:SSB Modulation and Demodulation using Matlab and
Comparison of analogue modulation schemes
Learning Objectives:
1. Implementation of single side band (SSB) modulation and demodulation in MATLAB
2. Comparing the performance of various analog amplitude modulation-demodulation
schemes.
Equipment Required:
1. PC
2. Matlab

In this lab we will study the performance of various analog amplitude modulation-demodulation
schemes, both in the presence and in the absence of additive noise. Systems studied in this chapter
include amplitude-modulation (AM) schemes, such as DSB-AM, SSB-AM, and conventional AM.
Each member of the class of analog modulation systems is characterized by five basic properties:
1. Time-domain representation of the modulated signal
2. Frequency-domain representation of the modulated signal
3. Bandwidth of the modulated signal
4. Power content of the modulated signal
5. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) after demodulation

A) Amplitude Modulation (AM)

Amplitude modulation (AM), which is frequently referred to as linear modulation, is
the family of modulation schemes in which the amplitude of a sinusoidal carrier ischanged as a
function of the modulating signal. This class of modulation schemesconsists of DSB-AM (double-
sideband amplitude modulation), conventional amplitude modulation, SSB-AM (single-sideband
amplitude modulation), and VSB-AM(vestigial-sideband amplitude modulation). The dependence
between the modulatingsignal and the amplitude of the modulated carrier can be very simple, as,
for example,in the DSB-AM case, or much more complex, as in SSB-AM or VSB-AM.
Amplitude-modulation systems are usually characterized by a relatively low bandwidth
requirement and power inefficiency in comparison to the angle-modulation schemes.
Thebandwidth requirement for AM systems varies between W and 2W, where W denotesthe
bandwidth of the message signal. For SSB-AM the bandwidth is W, for DSB-AM and
conventional AM the bandwidth is 2W, and for VSB-AM the bandwidthis between W and 2W.
These systems are widely used in broadcasting (AM radioand TV video broadcasting), point-to-
point communication (SSB), and multiplexingapplications (for example, transmission of many
telephone channels over microwavelinks).

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Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
Communication Lab
(EL323)
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2019
05
____________________________________________________________________________________
1. SSB-AM Modulation:
SSB-AM is derived from DSB-AM by eliminating one of the sidebands. Therefore,it occupies
half the bandwidth of DSB-AM. Depending on the sideband that remains,either the upper or the
lower sideband, there exist two types of SSB-AM: Upper Single Sideband AM (USSB-AM) and
Lower Single-Sideband AM (LSSB-AM). The timerepresentation for these signals is given by
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑚(𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) ∓ 𝑚
̂ (𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
2 2
where the minus sign corresponds to USSB-AM and the plus sign corresponds toLSSB-AM. The
̂ (𝑡) = 𝑚(𝑡) ∗ 1/(𝜋𝑡) or,in
signal denoted by m(t) is the Hilbert transform of m(t), defined by 𝑚
the frequency domain,by 𝑀̂ (𝑓) = −𝑗𝑠𝑔𝑛(𝑓)𝑀(𝑓).

In other words, the Hilbert transform of a signal represents a 𝜋/2 phase shift in allfrequency
components. In the frequency domain, we have

Typical plots of the spectra of a message signal and the corresponding USSB-AM
modulated signal are shown in below given Figure:

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Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
Communication Lab
(EL323)
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2019
05
____________________________________________________________________________________
The bandwidth of the SSB signal is half the bandwidth of DSB and conventionalAM and so is
equal to the bandwidth of the message signal; that is, 𝐵𝑇 = 𝑊
𝐴𝐶 2
The power in the SSB signal is given by 𝑃𝑢 = 𝑃𝑚
4
Note that the power is half of the power in the corresponding DSB-AM signal becauseone of the
sidebands has been removed.

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Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
Communication Lab
(EL323)
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2019
05
____________________________________________________________________________________
B) Demodulation of AM Signals
Demodulation is the process of extracting the message signal from the modulated signal. The
demodulation process depends on the type of modulation employed. ForDSB-AM and SSB-AM,
the demodulation method is coherent demodulation, whichrequires the existence of a signal with
the same frequency and phase of the carrier atthe receiver. For conventional AM, envelope
detectors are used for demodulation. Inthis case precise knowledge of the frequency and the
phase of the carrier at the receiveris not crucial, so the demodulation process is much easier.
Coherent demodulation forDSB-AM and SSB-AM consists of multiplying (mixing) the
modulated signal by a sinusoidal with the same frequency and phase of the carrier and then
passing the productthrough a lowpass filter. The oscillator that generates the required sinusoidal
at thereceiver is called the local oscillator.
1) SSB-AM Demodulation:
The demodulation process of SSB-AM signals is basically the same as the demodulation process
for DSB-AM signals—that is, mixing followed by lowpass filtering. Inthis case
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑚(𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) ∓ 𝑚
̂ (𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
2 2
where the minus sign corresponds to the USSB and the plus sign corresponds to theLSSB.
Mixing u(t) with the local oscillator output, we obtain
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑚(𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) ∓ 𝑚
̂ (𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
2 2
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
= 𝑚(𝑡) + 𝑚(𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠(4𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) ∓ 𝑚
̂ (𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
2 4 4
which contains bandpass components at ±2fc and a lowpass component proportionalto the
message signal. The lowpass component can be filtered out using a lowpassfilter to recover the
message signal. This process for the USSB-AM case is depicted in below given Figure

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Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
Communication Lab
(EL323)
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2019
05
____________________________________________________________________________________
Following is the block diagram of SSB demodulator.

Comparison between DSB-FC, DSB-SC, SSB-FC, SSB-SC and

Vestigial Amplitude Modulation Schemes

Independent sideband (ISB) is an AM single sideband mode which is used with some AM
radio transmissions. Normally each sideband carries identical information, but ISB modulates
two different input signals — one on the upper sideband, the other on the lower sideband.

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Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
Communication Lab
(EL323)
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2019
05
____________________________________________________________________________________

Problem 01: SSB-SC Modulation and Demodulation

The message signal 𝑚(𝑡) is defined as 𝑚(𝑡) = cos(2𝜋𝑡4𝑡) .
This message is modulatd using SSB-AM scheme mentioned in Fig. 3.15 with the carrier 𝑐(𝑡) =
cos(2𝜋50𝑡), and the resulting modulated signal is denoted by 𝑢(𝑡).
1. Plot the message signal 𝑚(𝑡), and its spectrum in Fig. 1 using subplot command.
2. Plot the SSB modulated signal 𝑢(𝑡), and its spectrum in Fig 2.
3. Plot the output of Product Modulator 𝑧(𝑡) and its spectrum in Fig 3.
4. Plot the output of SSB demodulator 𝑦(𝑡) and its spectrum in Fig 4.
CODE:

Problem 02: SSB-SC Modulation and Demodulation

a) Repeat the same problem 01by using SSB-AM scheme mentioned in Fig. 3.16.
b) What is the difference between two modulation schemes. Elaborate your answer by
analysing the SSB modulated and demodulated output.
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Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________

Lab #
Communication Lab
(EL323)
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2019
05
____________________________________________________________________________________
Note:- In both parts, analyse the demodulated signal by chaging the phase at receiver side. Add
phase of pi/3.pi/6,pi/2 etc and see the behaviour of demodulated signal in time domain.

QUESTIONS (write brief answers below each question)

1. What are the different methods to generate SSB-SC signal?

2. What is the advantage of SSB-SC over DSB-SC?

3. Why SSB is not used for broadcasting?

SSB DETECTION (write brief answers below each question)

1. What are the uses of synchronous or coherent detector?

2. Draw the block diagram of synchronous detector?

3. Why the name synchronous detector?

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