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Ignition System - 1

The document discusses and compares magneto and battery ignition systems. It notes that magneto systems are better suited for medium and high engine speeds as they do not require a battery. However, they have starting issues at low speeds. Battery systems provide good sparks at low speeds but performance decreases at higher speeds. The document also discusses electronic ignition systems, including capacitive discharge and transistorized systems. Electronic systems provide benefits like longer spark plug life, better fuel efficiency and no maintenance of contact points.

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Sudhakar Uppalapati
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© © All Rights Reserved
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606 views

Ignition System - 1

The document discusses and compares magneto and battery ignition systems. It notes that magneto systems are better suited for medium and high engine speeds as they do not require a battery. However, they have starting issues at low speeds. Battery systems provide good sparks at low speeds but performance decreases at higher speeds. The document also discusses electronic ignition systems, including capacitive discharge and transistorized systems. Electronic systems provide benefits like longer spark plug life, better fuel efficiency and no maintenance of contact points.

Uploaded by

Sudhakar Uppalapati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Magneto Ignition System

Advantages and Disadvantages of magneto ignition system

Advantages

 It is more useful at medium and high speed.


 It is more useful because no battery is used.

 It requires less maintenance.

Disadvantages

 It has starting problem due to the low rotating speed at starting of the
engine.
 It is more expensive when compared to battery ignition system.

 There is a possibility of misfire due to leakage because the variation of


voltage in the wiring can occur.

Applications

list of the applications of engines equipped with magneto ignition system.

 Tractors, Oil Burners, and Outboard Motors


 Washing Machines
 Trucks and Cement Mixers
 Buses
 Airplane Engines
 Power Units, Marine Engines and Natural Gas Engines

Advantages and Disadvantages of Battery Ignition System:

Advantages:

1. At the time of starting or at low speed good spark is available.

2. The battery which is used to generate spark can be used to light other auxiliary like headlight, tell
light etc.

3. Initial expenditure is less and it has low maintenance cost.

4. Ignition system is not affected by adjusting spark timing in battery ignition system.

Disadvantages:

1. Time available of built up the current and stored energy is decrease as speed of engine increases.

2. Contact breaker subjected to both electrical and mechanical wear which results short maintenance
interval.

3. The primary voltage decreases as the engine speed increase. So it is not fully reliable of high speed
engine.

COMPARISON BETWEEN BATTERY AND MAGNETO IGNITION SYSTEM

NOTE:

The main advantage of the magneto ignition system over other ignition system
is it doesn’t require any external source to generate energy. It was managed at
low tension and high tension. In the high tension, a huge amount of voltage is
generated using a step-up transformer which can be used for engines like the
airplane engine and low tension can manage this voltage letting it flow in the
smallest part of the wiring and this avoid the leakage too.

DRAWBACKS (DISADVANTAGES) Of CONVENTIONAL IGNITION SYSTEMS

Following are the drawbacks of conventional ignition systems:

1. Because of arcing, pitting of contact breaker point and which will lead to
regular maintenance problems.

2. Poor starting: After few thousands of kilometres of running, the timing


becomes inaccurate, which results into poor starting (Starting trouble).

3. At very high engine speed, performance is poor because of inertia effects of


the moving parts in the system.

4. Sometimes it is not possible to produce spark properly in fouled spark


plugs.

In order to overcome these drawbacks Electronic Ignition system is used.

ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEM


Following are the advantages of electronic ignition system :
(a) Moving parts are absent-so no maintenance.
(b) Contact breaker points are absent-so no arcing.
(c) Spark plug life increases by 50% and they can be used for about 60000
km without any problem.
(d) Better combustion in combustion chamber, about 90-95% of air fuel
mixture is burnt compared with 70-75% with conventional ignition system.
(e) More power output.
(f) More fuel efficiency.

Electronic Ignition System is as follow :


(a) Capacitance Discharge Ignition system
(b) Transistorized system (or) Transistorized Assisted Contact (TAC)
(c) Piezo-electric Ignition system
(d) The Texaco Ignition system
Capacitance Discharge Ignition System

It mainly consists of 6-12 V battery, ignition switch, DC to DC convertor,


charging resistance, tank capacitor, Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), SCR-
triggering device, step up transformer, spark plugs.

A 6-12 volt battery is connected to DC to DC converter i.e. power circuit


through the ignition switch, which is designed to give or increase the voltage
to 250-350 volts. This high voltage is used to charge the tank capacitor (or
condenser) to this voltage through the charging resistance. The charging
resistance is also so designed that it controls the required current in the
SCR.

Depending upon the engine firing order, whenever the SCR triggering device,
sends a pulse, then the current flowing through the primary winding is
stopped. And the magnetic field begins to collapse. This collapsing magnetic
field will induce or step up high voltage current in the secondary, which while
jumping the spark plug gap produces the spark, and the charge of air fuel
mixture is ignited.

Transistorized Assisted Contact (TAC) Ignition System


Advantages
(a) The low breaker-current ensures longer life.
(b) The smaller gap and lighter point assembly increase dwell time minimize
contact bouncing and improve repeatability of secondary voltage.
(c) The low primary inductance reduces primary inductance reduces primary
current drop-off at high speeds.
Disadvantages
(a) As in the conventional system, mechanical breaker points are necessary
for timing the spark.
(b) The cost of the ignition system is increased.
(c) The voltage rise-time at the spark plug is about the same as before.

Piezo-electric Ignition System

The development of synthetic piezo-electric materials producing about 22 kV


by mechanical loading of a small crystal resulted in some ignition systems for
single cylinder engines. But due to difficulties of high mechanical loading
need of the order of 500 kg timely control and ability to produce sufficient
voltage, these systems have not been able to come up.

The Texaco Ignition System

Due to the increased emphasis on exhaust emission control, there has been a sudden interest
in exhaust gas recirculation systems and lean fuel-air mixtures. To avoid the problems of
burning of lean mixtures, the Texaco Ignition system has been developed. It provides a spark of
controlled duration which means that the spark duration in crank angle degrees can be made
constant at all engine speeds. It is a AC system. This system consists of three basic units, a
power unit, a control unit and a distributor sensor.
This system can give stable ignition up to A/F ratios as high as 24:1

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