FUERZA HIDROSTÁTICA SOBRE SUPERFICIES PLANAS
INTRODUCTION.
In the next laboratory we will experience the force exerted by the water on a flat surface in this case a rectangular
figure which will be completely submerged, this force can be found experimentally as theoretically and with it the
subject of hydrostatic force.
OBJECTIVES.
GENERAL.
Observe how hydrostatic forces act on flat surfaces.
SPECIFIC.
• Find the theoretical hydrostatic force
• Find the experimental hydrostatic force.
• Compare the theoretical hydrostatic force with the experimental one.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.
Hydrostatic forces on a theoretical flat surface:
Since there can be no shear stresses in a static fluid, all hydrostatic forces acting on a surface submerged in the
fluid must be normal to it. If the pressure is distributed evenly over an area, the force is equal to the pressure per
area, and the point of application of forces is the centroid of the area
𝐹 = 𝛾 ∗ ℎ𝑐 ∗ 𝐴
Equation 1.
Pressure center.
The center of pressure of a body is called the point on which the resultant of all the forces exerted by the pressure
field on that body must be applied so that the effect of the resultant is equal to the sum of the effects of the
pressures.
Imagen 1.fuerzas de flotación o boyante y fuerzas hidrostáticas
Experimental hydrostatic force
𝑀𝑜 = 𝐿 ∗ 𝑚1 − 𝐷 ∗ 𝑚 2 − 𝑃 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ 𝑚3
Equation 2.
𝑙 ∗ 𝑚1 − 𝐷𝑚2
𝐹=
𝑚3
Equation 3.
𝐹 =𝑚∗𝑔
Equation 4.
Error (%)
𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 − 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∗ 100
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡
Equation 5.
Experimentation
For this experiment we use the previously known elements, first we perform the calibration of the hydrostatic
force measuring device FME 08-EDIBON.
Iniciamos la practica de laboratorio encendiendo los breakers que tenia la maquina de laboratorio en su lado
derecho
Despues se giro la perilla que graduaba la temperatira con el aire que pasa dentro de la tuberia al igual que se
identificaron las componente de la mquina con los cuales se tenia que trabajar, como lo fue el tubo de pitot
Ahora con una regla movil de le dan distancias de milimetro a milimetro hasta llegar a la 31y cada una de las
repeticiones nos arrojaba el diferencial de presion al igual que la temperatura respectiva.
Ya con los datos tomados, apagamos lo breakers y cerramos la perilla y con ello dimos como finalizada la practica
de laboratorio.
Once the device has been calibrated, we continue with the placement of the weights so that the blue quadrant is
to submerge, when the quadrant has already been submerged, the data taken were: from the point of support to
where the masses are located (L) and the other from the same point of support to the counterweight (D).
Once these measurements were taken we took the vertical distances which were the hc and then the free surface
of the liquid to the point of support (a+ Quadrant height (m))
Then we made the decision to dismantle everything to take data of the weights that were the masses, the
counterweight and the quadrant.
With this we can make the necessary calculations for the practice and we terminate the practice of hydrostatic
force on flat surfaces.
Table 1 shows the values obtained from the mass of the different objects that are: mass of the weights, mass of
the quadrant, mass of the disk.
Weight of the weights Counterweight mass Quadrant mass (kg)
(kg) (kg)
0.29 0.72 0.31
Table1
In the table 2 se encuentran los valores ya tabulados de las distancias mencionadas anteriormente.
hc(m) 0.059
L(m) 0.27
D(m) 0.105
a(m) 0.1
a+ Quadrant height (m) 0.2
Quadrant height (m) 0.1
b (m) 0.07
CALCULATION
Experimental hydrostatic force.
By means of equation 3 described above, the experimental force exerted on the submerged rectangular face can
be calculated.
So
(0.27𝑚) ∗ (0.29𝐾𝑔) − (0.105𝑚)(0.72𝐾𝑔) 𝑚
𝐹= ∗ 9.81 2
0.059𝑚 𝑠
𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝑵
Theoretical hydrostatic force.
By means of equation 1 described above, the theoretical force exerted on the submerged rectangular face can be
calculated.
𝐹 = 𝛾 ∗ ℎ𝑐 ∗ 𝐴
𝐾𝑔
𝐹 = (1000 3 ) ∗ (0.059𝑚) ∗ (0.1𝑚)(0.07𝑚)
𝑚
𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏N
%error
To find the percentage of error we use equation 5 and with it we can see how well we are at the exact value of the
procedure.
𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 − 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∗ 100
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡
0.44𝑁 − 0.41𝑁
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∗ 100
0.41𝑁
%𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟎%
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
With the data obtained experimentally and theoretically from the calculations made, the following
aspects are defined for the laboratory practice:
By means of the data obtained from the theoretical and experimental forces, the percentage of error
can be made and, therefore, observe if there is a problem and therefore analyze.
In this case, our percentage of error was 8.7%, which means that there is a problem either of
measurement or some external means.
As can be seen in Image1, there are several forces operating the quadrant, such as the force of flotation
and hydrostatic force. La fuerza de flotación se da ya que como se está sumergiendo el cuadrante
entonces aumenta la presión por ende se genera esa fuerza hacia arriba.
La fuerza hidrostática se viene dando en la cara rectangular del cuadrante y en la parte superior de la
curva ya que esta fuerza se da de forma perpendicular a las paredes del recipiente de donde está
sumergido el cuadrante.
CONCLUSIONS
Se puede concluir que el cuadrante tiene menor densidad que el fluido ya que si este no tuviera
pesas no se sumergiría.
Luego de calcular El porcentaje de error se puede afirmar que el cuadrante se ve afectado por
más fuerzas como lo es otra fuerza hidrostática y una de flotación.
En esta experimentación entre más este sumergido el cuadrante mayor porcentaje de error
este tendrá, ya que la presión que se ejerce es mucho mayor.
Para poder hallar la fuerza hidrostática experimental es necesario realizar el momento en el
punto de apoyo, ya que mediante esta ecuación se puede hallar la fuerza que se requiere para la
practica
