LABOR STANDARDS

LAW 205M
1 Semester, 2019-2020*
st

Atty. Domingo T. Añonuevo

DLSU College of Law
[email protected]

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This course is about the fundamental principles of labor law, and the law
on recruitment and placement, and labor standards.

LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO):

On completion of the course, the student is expected to do:

 State the legal bases of labor law and tell where it may be found; affirm
the basic rights of workers and employers;

 Tell when an employer-employee relationship exists; differentiate job

contracting from labor-only contracting;

 Distinguish labor disputes from other disputes;

 Tell when there is illegal recruitment; discuss the rights of apprentices,

learners and the disabled; and

 Restate and apply the minimum standards on hours of work, rest days,
holidays, various leaves, minimum wages, payment and protection of
wages, and 13th month pay, and the prescribed working conditions for
women, minors, house helps and other special groups of workers.

*This syllabus is exclusively distributed to the students enrolled in the

course. This should not be reproduced/published without Atty. Añonuevo’s
express permission.

1
 ASSESSMENT, REQUIREMENTS, AND CLASS POLICIES:

The student will be assessed during the term by his/her:

Recitation 15.00%
Written report 10.00%
Case digests 15.00%
Midterm exam 30.00%
Final exam 30.00%

 S/he must email written reports on at least three decisions rendered by

the Supreme Court during the past three years that s/he finds
establishing/clarifying/modifying/reversing a labor-standards rule. The
decisions reported on should not be among the assigned cases in the
outline below. The report on each case should have a case digest and a
discussion how/why the decision is significant. The full report should be
about four letter-size pages, printed single-space, 14 pts., any font. The
report is due on November 15, 2019.

 S/he should prepare a handwritten digest of the cases in the syllabus

below. Digests should highlight only the labor law ratio decidendi. The
notebooks on which the digests are written should be submitted on the
final examination day.

 No excuse will be accepted for failing to take an exam or submitting a

report or case digests.

 S/he who misses four class days will automatically be given a failing grade
in the course.

 Consultation is by appointment or through email.

 S/he should submit a class card with a 2x2 photo and an email address by
the 2nd class day.

 All announcements will be made through the class beadle.

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 Part I:
INTRODUCTION TO LABOR LAW

1 LABOR LAW, DEFINED

2 LABOR LAW, CLASSIFIED

3 LEGAL BASES OF LABOR LAW

3.1 Police power of the State Philippine Association of Service Exporters,

Inc. v. Drilon,* 163 SCRA 386 (1988); St.
Luke’s Medical Center Employee’s
Association-AFW v. NLRC, 517 SCRA 677
(2007); Magana v. Medicard Phil., Inc., 638
SCRA 606 (2010); JMM Promotion
Management, Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 120095,
August 5, 1996; Eagle Security Agency, Inc.
v. NLRC, G.R. No. 81314, May 18, 1989

3.2 Specific provisions of the

1987 Constitution

3.2.1 Social Justice CONST., Art. II, Secs. 5 & 10; Art. XIII,
Secs. 1 & 2

3.2.1.1 Defined Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726 (1940);

Fr. Joaquin Bernas, The 1987 Philippine
Constitution: A Reviewer-Primer, 1987 ed.,
p. 23

3.2.1.2 Applied HFS Phil., Inc. v. Pilar, G.R. No. 168716,

April 16, 2009; PLDT v. NLRC,* 164 SCRA
(1988); Toyota Motor Phil. Corp. Workers
Association v. NLRC,* G.R. No. 158786,
October 19, 2007; Yrasuegui v. PAL, G.R.
No. 168081, October 17, 2008; Digital
Telecommunications Phils., Inc. v. Ayapana,
G.R. No. 195614, [January 10, 2018]


The hyperlinks in this outline lead to pertinent Supreme Court decisions in online
jurisprudence databanks.

3
 3.2.1.3 Protection CONST., Art. II, Sec. 18; Art XIII, Sec. 3.;
to labor Cebu Royal Plant v. Hon Deputy Minister of
Labor, 153 SCRA 38 (1987); Gregorio
Araneta University Foundation v. NLRC, 155
SCRA 301(1987); Quitoriano v. Jebsens
Maritime, Inc., G.R. No. 179868, January
21, 2010; Sara Lee Philippines, Inc. v.
Macatlang,* G.R. No. 180147, June 4, 2014;
Grandteq Industrial Steel Products, Inc. v.
Margallo, G.R. No. 181393, July 28, 2009;
Sameer Overseas Placement Agency, Inc. v.
Cabiles,* G.R. No. 170139, August 5, 2014;
Racelis v. UPL, Inc., G.R. No. 198408
November 12, 2014

3.2.2 Right to due CONST., Art. III, Sec. 1;

process and right to JMM Promotion and Management, Inc. v.
labor as property Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 120095, August
5, 1996; Callanta v. Carnation Philippines,
Inc.,* 145 SCRA 268 (1986); Wenphil v.
NLRC,* 170 SCRA 69 (1989); Agabon v.
NLRC,*442 SCRA 573 (2004)

3.2.3 Full employment CONST., Art. II, Sec. 9; Art. XIII, Sec. 3;
Philippine Association of Service Exporters,
Inc. v. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988)

3.2.4 International law CONST., Art. II, Sec. 2; International

School Alliance of Educators v.
Quisumbing,* G.R. No. 128845, June 1,
2000

3.2.5 Protection of the CONST., Art. II, Sec. 13

youth

3.2.6 Gender equality CONST., Art. II, Sec. 14; Art. XIII, Sec. 14
and protection of women

3.2.7 Right of CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(5); Art. III, Sec.
government employees 8
to organize

4
 3.2.8 Protection to rights CONST., Art. II, Sec. 20 and Art. XIII, Sec.
of employer 3, par. 4

3.2.8.1 Definition Chu v. NLRC, 232 SCRA 764 (1994); San

& Scope of Miguel Brewery Sales Force Union
Management (PTGWO) v. Ople, 170 SCRA 25 (1989);
Prerogatives (MP) Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. NLRC,* 225 SCRA
301 (1993); Peckson v. Robinsons
Supermarket Corporation, G.R. No. 198534;
July 3, 2013; Imasen Philippines
Manufacturing Corporation v. Alcon, G.R.
No. 194884, October 22, 2014;

3.2.8.2 Limits of Goya, Inc. v. Goya, Inc. Employees Union-

MP FFW, G.R. No. 170054, 701 PHIL 645-661;
SHS Perforated Materials, Inc. v. Diaz, 633
SCRA 258 (2010); Imasen Philippines
Manufacturing Corporation v. Alcon, G.R.
No. 194884, October 22, 2014; Supreme
Steel Corp. v. Nagkakaisang Manggagawa
Ng Supreme Independent Union (Nms-Ind-
Apl), G.R. No. 185556, March 28, 2011;
Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. v.
CCBPI Sta. Rosa Plant Employees Union,
G.R. No. 197494, March 25, 2019; PLDT v.
Paguio, G.R. No. 152689, October 12,
2005; Businessday Information Systems
and Services, Inc. v. NLRC, 221 SCRA 9
(1993); Royal Plant Workers Union v. Coca-
Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. – Cebu
Plant,* G.R. No. 198783, April 15, 2013

3.2.8.3 Rules on Philippine Telegraph and Telephone

marriage between Company v. NLRC,* G.R. No. 118978, May
employees of 23, 1997; Duncan Association of Detailman-
competitor- PTGWO v. Glaxo Wellcome Philippines,
employers/ Non- Inc.,* G.R. No. 162994, September 17,
compete clauses. 2004; Star Paper Corp. v. Simbol, G.R. No.
164774, April 12, 2006;

Tiu v. Platinum Plans Phil., Inc.,* G.R.

163512, February 28, 2007; Century
Properties, Inc. v. Babiano, G.R. No.

5
 220978, July 5, 2016

4 SOURCES OF LABOR LAW

4.1 The Labor Code and its

implementing rules

4.1.1 Brief history

4.1.2 Name of Decree

4.1.3 Date of Effectivity LABOR CODE, Art. 2

4.1.4 Declaration of Id., Art. 3; CONST. (1973), Art. II, Sec. 9;

Basic Policy CONST., Art. XIII, Sec. 3

4.1.5 Construction for LABOR CODE, Art. 4; CIVIL CODE, Art.

Labor 1702;
San Miguel Foods, Inc. v. San Miguel
Corporation Employees Union-PTGWO,
G.R. No. 168569, October 5, 2007; Reyes v.
CA, 409 SCRA 267 (2003); J.K. Mercado &
Sons Agricultural Enterprises, Inc. v. Hon.
Patricia Sto. Tomas, G.R. No. 158084,
August 29, 2008; PNCC Skyway Traffic
Management and Security Division Workers
Organization (PSTMSDWO) v. PNCC
Skyway Corp., 613 SCRA 28 (2010); SHS
Perforated Materials, Inc. v. Diaz, 633
SCRA 258 (2010); Racelis v. United
Philippine Lines,* G.R. 198408, November
12, 2014; Tamayo v. Manila Hotel
Company, G.R. L-8975, June 29, 1957;
Insular Bank of Asia and America
Employees' Union v. inciong,* G.R. No. L-
52415, October 23, 1984;

4.1.6 Rule-making LABOR CODE, Art. 5;

power, limitations Pagpalain Haulers, Inc. v. Trajano, G.R. No.
133215, July 15, 1999;
Insular Bank of Asia and America
Employees' Union v. inciong,* G.R. No. L-
52415, October 23, 1984; Bartolome v.
SSS, G.R. No. 192531, November 12, 2014

6
 4.1.7 Applicability LABOR CODE, Art. 6

4.1.7.1 Overseas Sim v. NLRC,* G.R. No. 157376, October 2,

Workers 2007; Santiago v. CF Sharp Crew
Management, G.R. No. 162419, July 10,
2007; Sameer Overseas Placement Agency,
Inc. v. Cabiles,* G.R. No. 170139, August
5, 2014; Industrial Personnel &
Management Services, Inc. v. De Vera,
G.R. No. 205703, March 7, 2016

4.1.7.2 CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(1); LABOR CODE,

Government Art. 291;
employees NASECO v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-70295,
November 29, 1988; The Department of
Health (Dr. Jose N Rodriguez Memorail
Hospital) v. NLRC, G.R. No. 113212,
December 29, 1995

4.1.7.3 Employees International Catholic Migration

of International Commission v. Calleja,* 190 SCRA 130
Organizations and (1990)
Specialized
Agencies

4.1.8 Enforcement and LABOR CODE, Art. 128; D.O. No. 183
Sanctions (2017);

LABOR CODE, Arts.129 & 224 (a) (2), (3),

(4), & (6), 303, 304, 306, & 307;

CONST., Art. III, Secs. 11 & 16

4.2 Decisions of the courts and Callanta v. Carnation Phil., Inc.,* 145 SCRA
quasi-judicial bodies 268 (1986)

4.3 Labor Contracts CIVIL CODE, Arts. 1305 & 1306;

Supreme Steel Corp. v. Nagkakaisang
Manggagawa Ng Supreme Independent
Union (Nms-Ind-Apl), G.R. No. 185556,
March 28, 2011; Mariveles Shipyard Corp.
v. CA, G.R. No. 144134, November 11,
2003

7
 4.4 Company Practice Central Azucarera De Tarlac v. Central
Azucarera De Tarlac Labor Union-NLU,*
G.R. No. 188949, July 26, 2010;
Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co. v. NLRC,
G.R. No. 152928, June 18,2009; Pag-asa
Steel Works, Inc. v. CA, 486 SCRA 475
(2006); Eastern Telecommunications
Philippines, Inc. v. Eastern Telecoms Union,
G.R. No. 185665, February 8, 2012; Del Rio
v. DPO Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 211525,
December 10, 2018
4.5 Company Policy Abbott Laboratories v. Alcaraz,* G.R. No.
192571, July 23, 2013; Kimberly-Clark
Phil., Inc. v. Dimayuga, G.R. No. 177705,
September 18, 2009; China Banking Corp.
v. Borromeo, G.R. No. 156515, October 19,
2014; GTE Directories Corp. v. Sanchez,
197 SCRA 452, 466 (1991)

5 WORK RELATIONSHIP

5.1 Definition: Employer & LABOR CODE, Arts. 97 (a), (b), (c); 173 (f),
Employee (g) & (h); 219 (e) & (f)
A.C. Ransom Labor Union v. NLRC, 142
SCRA 269 (1988); Orlando Farms Growers
Association v. NLRC, 299 SCRA 364,
November 25, 1998; Feati University v.
Bautista, G.R. No. L-21278, December 27,
1966

5.2 Employer-Employee Madrigal Shipping Co. v. Melad, G.R. Nos.

Relationship: a Question of L-17362 and L-17367-69, February 28,
Fact; Factors in Determining 1963; Reyes v. Glaucoma Research
Existence; the Control Test and Foundation, Inc.,* G.R. No. 189255
the Economic Reality Test June 17, 2015; Sonza v. ABS-CBN
Broadcasting Corp.,* 431 SCRA 381(1904);
Royale Homes Marketing Corp. v.
Alcantara, G.R. No. 195190, July 28, 2014;
Dissent of J. Brion in Re: Request of (Ret.)
Chief Justice Artemio V. Panganiban For
Recomputation of His Creditable Service
For The Purpose of Recomputing His
Retirement Benefits, A.M. No. 10-9-15-SC,

8
 February 12, 2013;

Begino v. ABS-CBN Corp., G.R. No. 199166,

April 20, 2015; Orozco v. CA, 584 Phil. 35
(2008); Semblante v. CA, G.R. No. 196426,
August 15, 2011; Sy v. CA, G.R. No.
142293, Feb. 27, 2003; Perpetual Help
Credit v. Faburada, G.R. No. 121948,
October 8, 2001; Jardin v. NLRC, 326 SCRA
299 (2000); Corporal Sr. v. NLRC, 341
SCRA 658 (2000); Ruga v. NLRC, 181 SCRA
266 (1990); Mendiola v. CA, G.R. No.
159333, July 31, 2006; Tongko v. The
Manufacturer’s Life Insurance Co. (Phils.)
Inc.,* G.R. No. 167622, November 7, 2008,
June 29, 2010, & January 25, 2011; Locsin
v. PLDT, G.R. 185251, October 2, 2009;
Francisco v. NLRC, G.R. No. 170087,
August 31, 2006; Teng v. Pahagac, 635
SCRA 172(2010)

5.3 Job Contractor and Labor- LABOR CODE, Arts. 106, 107, 108 &109;
only Contract D.O. 174 (2017); D.C. 01 (2017); Security
of Tenure Bill (Senate Bill 1826)

Phil. Bank Communications v. NLRC,* 146

SCRA 347 (1986); San Miguel Corp. v.
Maerc Integrated Services, Inc.,* G.R. No.
144672, July 10, 2003; Wack Wack Golf
and Country Club v. NLRC,* 456 SCRA 280
(2005); Aliviado v. Proctor and Gamble
Phils., Inc.,* G.R. No. 160506, June 6,
2011; First Philippine Industrial Corp. v.
Calimbas, G.R. No. 179256, July 10, 2013;
Alilin v. Petron Corporation, G.R. No.
177592, June 9, 2014; Manila Memorial
Park Cemetery, Inc. v. Lluz, G.R. No.
208451, February 3, 2016

5.3 Kinds of Employment

5.3.1 Regular LABOR CODE, Art. 295, 1st par.; Univeral

9
 Robina Sugar Milling Corporation v. Acibo,*
G.R. No. 186439; January 15, 2014

5.3.2 Project LABOR CODE, Art. 295, 1st par.;

PNOC Energy Development Corp. v. NLRC,
G.R. No. 169353, April 13, 2007;* FVR
Skills and Services Exponents, Inc. v. Seva,
G.R. No. 200857, October 22, 2014; Aro v.
NLRC, G.R. No. 174792, March 7, 2012;
William Construction Corp. v. Trinidad,*
G.R. No. 183250, March 12, 2010

5.3.3 Casual LABOR CODE, Art. 295, 2nd par.; Omnibus

Rules, Book VI, Rule 1, Sec. 5 (b)

22.1.3.1 Nature of Dealco Farms, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No.

work 153192, January 30, 2009

22.1.3.2 1-year Kimberly-Clark (Phils.), Inc. v. Secretary of

service Labor,* G.R. No. 156668, November 23,
2007

5.3.4 Fixed-Term Brent School v. Zamora,* G.R. No. L-

48494, February 5, 1990; Price v. Innodata
Phil., Inc.,* G.R. No. 178505, September
30, 2008; Fuji Television Network, Inc. v.
Espiritu, G.R. Nos. 204944-45, December 3,
2014

5.3.5 Seasonal Hacienda Bino v. Cuenca, 456 SCRA 300

(2005); Univeral Robina Sugar Milling
Corporation v. Acibo,* G.R. No. 186439;
January 15, 2014

5.3.6 Probationary LABOR CODE, Art. 296; Omnibus Rules,

Book VI, Rule I, Sec. 6; Abbott Laboratories
v. Alcaraz, G.R. No. 192571, July 23, 2013
(see also April 22, 2014 Resolution on
motion for reconsideration and J. Brion’s
July 23, 2013 and April 22, 2014 dissenting
opinions)

10
 5.3.6.1 Definition Woodridge School v. Pe Benito,* G.R. No.
160240, October 29, 2008; Cebu Marine
Beach Resort v. NLRC, G.R. No. 143252,
Oct. 23, 2003

5.3.6.2 Duration A Prime Security Services, Inc. v. NLRC,

322 SCRA 283 (2000); Canadian
Opportunities Unlimited, Inc. v. Dalangin,*
G.R. No. 172223, February 6, 2012; Buiser
v. Leogardo, G.R. No. L-63316, July 31,
1984

5,3.6.3 Extension Phil. Federation etc. v. NLRC, G.R. No.

121071, December 11, 1998; Buiser v.
Leogardo, G.R. No. L-63316, July 31, 1984

5.3.6.4 Standards Davao Contractors Development

Cooperative v. Pasawa, G.R. No. 172174,
July 9, 2009

5.3.6.5 Teachers Mercado v. AMA Computer College-

Paranaque City, Inc.,* G. R. No. 183572,
April 13, 2010

6 LABOR DISPUTES Labor Code (LC), Art. 219 (l);

Feati University v. Bautista, 18 SCRA 1190
(1966) (on the validity of the presidential
certification); San Miguel Corp. Employees
Union v. Bersamira,* G.R. No. 87700, June
13, 1990; Associated Watchmen and
Security Union v. United States Lines, G.R.
No. L-10333, July 25, 1957; Halagueña v.
PAL,* G.R. No. 172013, October 2, 2009;
SSS v. Ubaña, G.R. No. 200114, August 24,
2015; Nestle Phils., Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No.
85197, March 18, 1991; Jaguar Security
and Investigation Agency v. Sales, G.R.
No. 162420, April 16, 2008

11
 Part II:

RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF WORKERS/ALIEN EMPLOYMENT

7 RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF OVERSEAS WORKERS

7.1 Definition LABOR CODE, Art. 13(b);

People v. Panis,* 142 SCRA 667 [1986);
People v. Velasco, G.R. No. 195668
June 25, 2014

7.2 Employment Policies R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No.

10022, Sec. 2; D.O. No. 141-14, Sec. 1

7.3 Employment Agencies/Entities

7.3.1 Allowed entities LABOR CODE, Arts. 16, 18, 25 & 12(f);
Omnibus Rules, Book I, Rules III, IV, VII
Sec. 1

7.3.2 Private employment LABOR CODE, Art. 13(c) & (d)

agency

7.3.3 Private recruitment entity LABOR CODE, Art. 13(e) & (f)

7.3.4 Public employment offices LABOR CODE, Art. 12(f) & 14(a); E.O. No.
247 (1987), Sec. 3 (f),

7.3.5 Prohibited entity LABOR CODE, Arts. 18, 16, 25 & 26; 2002
POEA Rules and Regulations Governing the
Recruitment and Employment of Land-
based Overseas Workers (2002 POEA
Rules), Part II, Rule 1, Sec. 2; 2003 POEA
Rules, and Regulations Governing the
Recruitment and Employment of Seafarers
(2003 POEA Rules), Part II, Rule I, Sec. 2

7.4 Government techniques of

regulation - private recruitment

7.4.1 Licensing LABOR CODE, Arts. 27, 28, 29, 30 & 31;
2002 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule II, Secs. 1,
4, 6 & 7; 2003 POEA Rules, and

12
 Regulations Governing the Recruitment
and Employment of Seafarers (2003 POEA
Rules), Part II, Rule I (a) & (b); Rule II,
Secs. 1, 4, 6 & 7

Republic v. Humanlink Manpower

Consultants, Inc., G.R. No. 205188, April
22, 2015

7.4.2 Workers’ Fee LABOR CODE, Art. 32

7.4.3 Reports/ employment LABOR CODE, Art. 33

information

7.5 Prohibited acts LABOR CODE, Art. 34

7.6 Illegal recruitment LABOR CODE, Art. 38(a) & (b); R.A. No.
8042, as amended, Sec. 6;
People v. Mateo, G.R. No. 198012
April 22, 2015; People v. Gallo, G.R. No.
187730, June 29, 2010; People v. Sison,
G.R. No. 187160, August 9, 2017; People
v. Matheus, G.R. No. 198795, June 7,
2017

7.7 Enforcement & sanctions LABOR CODE, Arts. 35, 36, 37, 38 & 39;
R.A. No. 8042, Secs. 6, 7, & 10;
Salazar v. Achacoso,* 183 SCRA 145
(1990)

Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services,

Inc.,* G.R. No. 16714, March 24, 2009
(read as well the Concurring Opinion of J.
Brion especially for its discussion of “the
protective measures adopted under the
law and the (POEA) rules to protect the
OFW”); Sameer Overseas Placement
Agency, Inc. v. Cabiles,* G.R. No. 170139,
August 5, 2014; Eastern Assurance and
Surety Corp. v. Sec. of Labor,* 181 SCRA
110 (1990); Stronghold Insurance Co.,
Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 282 PHIL 624-
632; Sto. Tomas v. Salac, G.R. No.
152642, December 5, 2012;

13
 7.7.1 Joint and several liability R.A. No. 8042, as amended, Sec. 10, pars.
of private employment agency/ 2 & 3; 2002 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule II,
manning agent and employer Sec. 1(f)(3); 2003 POEA Rules, Part II,
Rule II, Sec. 1(e)(8);
Datuman v. First Cosmopolitan Manpower
and Promotion Services, Inc.,* G.R. No.
156029, November 14, 2008; APQ
Shipmanagement Co., Ltd. v. Casenas,
G.R. No. 197303, June 4, 2014; Princess
Joy Placement and General Services, Inc.
v. Binalla, G.R. No. 197005, June 4, 2014

7.8 Jurisdiction

7.8.1 Regional Trial Court, for R.A. No. 8042, Sec. 9

criminal action for illegal
recruitment

7.8.2 NLRC, for money claims R.A. No. 8042, as amended, Sec. 10
arising from employer-
employee relations

7.8.3 POEA, for administrative Omnibus Rules Implementing R.A. No.

and disciplinary actions 8042, Sec. 28

8 ALIEN EMPLOYMENT REGULATION CONST., Art. XII, Sec. 12; Anti-Dummy

Law (Com. Act No. 108), Sec. 2-A, as
amended, in rel. to CONST., Art. XVI, Sec.
11(1), Art. XVI, Sec. 11(2), Art. XII, Sec.
11; INVESTMENT CODE, Art. 76, par. 2;
LABOR CODE, Arts. 40, 41 & 42; Omnibus
Rules, Book I, Rule XIV; D.O. No. 146-15
(Revised Rules for Issuance of
Employment Permits to Foreign Nationals)

8.1 Coverage D.O. 146-15, Secs. 1 & 2;

Almodiel v. NLRC,* 223 SCRA 341 (1993)

8.2 Conditions for grant of permit LABOR CODE, Art. 40; D.O. 146-15, Sec.
11;
WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. v.
Galera,* 616 SCRA 422 (2010); General
Milling Corp. v. Torres, 196 SCRA 215

14
 (1991); McBurnie v. Ganzon, 719 PHIL
680-728.

Part III:

RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF WORKERS/ALIEN EMPLOYMENT

7 RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF OVERSEAS WORKERS

7.1 Definition LABOR CODE, Art. 13(b);
People v. Panis,* 142 SCRA 667 [1986);
People v. Velasco, G.R. No. 195668
June 25, 2014

7.2 Employment Policies R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No.

10022, Sec. 2; D.O. No. 141-14, Sec. 1

7.3 Employment
Agencies/Entities

7.3.1 Allowed entities LABOR CODE, Arts. 16, 18, 25 & 12(f);
Omnibus Rules, Book I, Rules III, IV, VII
Sec. 1

7.3.2 Private employment LABOR CODE, Art. 13(c) & (d)

agency

7.3.3 Private recruitment LABOR CODE, Art. 13(e) & (f)

entity

7.3.4 Public employment LABOR CODE, Art. 12(f) & 14(a); E.O. No.
offices 247 (1987), Sec. 3 (f),

7.3.5 Prohibited entity LABOR CODE, Arts. 18, 16, 25 & 26; 2002
POEA Rules and Regulations Governing the
Recruitment and Employment of Land-
based Overseas Workers (2002 POEA
Rules), Part II, Rule 1, Sec. 2; 2003 POEA
Rules, and Regulations Governing the
Recruitment and Employment of Seafarers
(2003 POEA Rules), Part II, Rule I, Sec. 2

7.4 Government techniques of

regulation - private recruitment

15
 7.4.1 Licensing LABOR CODE, Arts. 27, 28, 29, 30 & 31;
2002 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule II, Secs. 1,
4, 6 & 7; 2003 POEA Rules, and
Regulations Governing the Recruitment
and Employment of Seafarers (2003 POEA
Rules), Part II, Rule I (a) & (b); Rule II,
Secs. 1, 4, 6 & 7

7.4.2 Workers’ Fee LABOR CODE, Art. 32

7.4.3 Reports/ LABOR CODE, Art. 33

employment information

7.5 Prohibited acts LABOR CODE, Art. 34

7.6 Illegal recruitment LABOR CODE, Art. 38(a) & (b); R.A. No.
8042, as amended, Sec. 6;
People v. Mateo, G.R. No. 198012
April 22, 2015; People v. Gallo, G.R. No.
187730, June 29, 2010; People v. Sison,
G.R. No. 187160, August 9, 2017; People
v. Matheus, G.R. No. 198795, June 7, 2017
7.7 Enforcement & sanctions LABOR CODE, Arts. 35, 36, 37, 38 & 39;
R.A. No. 8042, Secs. 6, 7, & 10;
Salazar v. Achacoso,* 183 SCRA 145
(1990)

Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services,

Inc.,* G.R. No. 16714, March 24, 2009
(read as well the Concurring Opinion of J.
Brion especially for its discussion of “the
protective measures adopted under the
law and the (POEA) rules to protect the
OFW”); Sameer Overseas Placement
Agency, Inc. v. Cabiles,* G.R. No. 170139,
August 5, 2014; Eastern Assurance and
Surety Corp. v. Sec. of Labor,* 181 SCRA
110 (1990); Sto. Tomas v. Salac, G.R. No.
152642, December 5, 2012;

7.7.1 Joint and several R.A. No. 8042, as amended, Sec. 10, pars.
liability of private 2 & 3; 2002 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule II,
employment agency/ Sec. 1(f)(3); 2003 POEA Rules, Part II,

16
 manning agent and Rule II, Sec. 1(e)(8);
employer Datuman v. First Cosmopolitan Manpower
and Promotion Services, Inc.,* G.R. No.
156029, November 14, 2008; APQ
Shipmanagement Co., Ltd. v. Casenas,
G.R. No. 197303, June 4, 2014; Princess
Joy Placement and General Services, Inc.
v. Binalla, G.R. No. 197005, June 4, 2014

7.8 Jurisdiction

7.8.1 Regional Trial R.A. No. 8042, Sec. 9

Court, for criminal action
for illegal recruitment

7.8.2 NLRC, for money R.A. No. 8042, as amended, Sec. 10

claims arising from
employer-employee
relations

7.8.3 POEA, for Omnibus Rules Implementing R.A. No.

administrative and 8042, Sec. 28
disciplinary actions

8 ALIEN EMPLOYMENT CONST., Art. XII, Sec. 12; Anti-Dummy

REGULATION Law (Com. Act No. 108), Sec. 2-A, as
amended, in rel. to CONST., Art. XVI, Sec.
11(1), Art. XVI, Sec. 11(2), Art. XII, Sec.
11; INVESTMENT CODE, Art. 76, par. 2;
LABOR CODE, Arts. 40, 41 & 42; Omnibus
Rules, Book I, Rule XIV; D.O. No. 146-15
(Revised Rules for Issuance of
Employment Permits to Foreign Nationals)

8.1 Coverage D.O. 146-15, Secs. 1 & 2;

Almodiel v. NLRC,* 223 SCRA 341 (1993)

8.2 Conditions for grant of LABOR CODE, Art. 40; D.O. 146-15, Sec.
permit 11; B.I. Operations Order Nos. JHM-2019-
002 & JHM-2019-008

WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. v.

Galera,* 616 SCRA 422 (2010); General
Milling Corp. v. Torres, 196 SCRA 215

17
 (1991)

Part IV

HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

9 DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN LABOR CODE, Arts. 57-81; Technical

RESOURCES Education and Skills Development Act
(TESDA) of 1994 (R.A. No. 7796); Dual
Training Systems Act of 1994 (R.A. No.
7686); Magna Carta for Disabled Persons of
1992 (R.A. No. 7277)

9.1 Policy, goals & objectives R.A. No. 7796, Secs. 2 & 3

10 TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT OF APPRENTICES

10.1 Apprentices, defined LABOR CODE, Art. 58; R.A. No. 7796, Sec.
4 (j), (k), (l), & (m). See also: Child Abuse
Law of 1992 (R.A. No. 7610), as amended
by R.A. No. 7658, re: employment of
children below 15 years

10.2 When apprentices may be Century Canning Corp. v. CA, 530 SCRA
employed 501(2007); Nitto Enterprises v. NLRC, 248
SCRA 654 (1995);* Atlanta Industries v.
Sebolino, G.R. No. 187320, January 26,
2011

10.3 Conditions of employment LABOR CODE, Arts. 61, 72 &124, last par.

10.4 Enforcement LABOR CODE, Arts. 65, 66, & 67

11 TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT OF LEARNERS

11.1 Learners, defined LABOR CODE, Art. 73; R.A. No. 7796, Sec.
4(n)

11.2 When learners may be LABOR CODE, Art. 74; R.A. No. 7796, Sec.
employed 4(n)

11.3 Conditions of employment LABOR CODE, Arts. 75, 76 & 124, last par.

18
 12 TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT LABOR CODE, Arts. 78, 79, 80, & 81;
OF DISABLED PERSONS Magna Carta for Disabled Persons of 1992
(HANDICAPPED WORKERS) (R.A. No. 7277)
12.1 Definition R.A. No. 7277, Sec. 4(a), (b), (c), & (d)

12.2 Policy declaration R.A. No. 7277, Sec. 2

12.3 Coverage R.A. No. 7277, Sec. 3

12.4 Rights and privileges R.A. No. 7277, Secs. 5, & 6

Bernardo v. NLRC,* 310 SCRA 186 (1999)

Part V

LABOR STANDARDS

13 HOURS OF WORK LABOR CODE, Arts. 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
88, 89 & 90; Omnibus Rules, Book III,
Rules I, IA, & II

13.1 Regulation; rationale Manila Terminal Co., Inc. v. CIR,* 91 Phil.

625, 636 (1952)

13.2 Coverage: all employees, LABOR CODE, Arts. 82 & 276; Omnibus
in general Rules, Book III, Rule I, Secs. 1 & 2

13.3 Exemptions

13.3.1 Government CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(1)

employees

13.3.2 Managerial Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2(b) &
employees (c);
San Miguel Corp. v. Layoc, Jr., 537 SCRA 77
(2007)

13.3.2.1 NAWASA v. NAWASA Consolidated Unions, 11

Rationale SCRA 766, 776 to 779 (1964)

13.3.2.2 National Sugar Refineries Corp. v. NLRC,*

Supervisors are G.R. No. 101761, March 24, 1993; Penaranda
managerial v. Baganga Plywood Corp., G.R. No. 159577,
employees May 3, 2006

19
 13.3.3 Field personnel Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (f);
Far East Agricultural Supply, Inc. v.
Lebatique, 515 SCRA 491(2007); Union of
Filipro Employees v. Vivar,* 205 SCRA 200
(1992); Mercidar Fishing Corp. v. NLRC, 297
SCRA 440 (1998); Dasco v. Philtranco Service
Enterprises, Inc., G.R. No. 211141, June 29,
2016; Hisoler III v. Filipino Travel Center
Corp., G.R. No. 232949 (Notice), November
20, 2017

13.3.4 Dependent
family members

13.3.5 Domestic LABOR CODE, Arts. 141 &145; Omnibus

helpers Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (d); Batas
Kasambahay, Sec. 20

13.3.6 Persons in the Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (d);
personal service of Ultra Villa Food Haus v. Geniston, G.R. No.
another 120473, June 23, 1999

13.3.7 Workers paid by Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VII, Sec. 8
result (e);

David v. Macasio,* G.R. No. 195466

July 2, 2014

13.4 Normal hours of work LABOR CODE, Art. 83

13.4.1 Change in work

hours

13.4.1.1 A Union Carbide Labor Union v. Union Carbide

management Phils., Inc., 215 SCRA 554 (1992); Sime
prerogative Darby Pilipinas, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No.
119205, April 15, 1998

13.4.1.2 Department Order (D.O.) No. 21, Series of

Compressed work 1990, Guidelines on the Implementation of
week Compressed Workweek; Department Advisory
No. 02-04; Department Advisory No. 02-09;
Bisig Manggagawa sa Tryco v. NLRC,* G.R.

20
 No 1513098, October 15, 2008

13.5 Compensable hours of

work - in general

13.5.1 On duty LABOR CODE, Art. 84(a); Omnibus Rules,

Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (a) & Sec. 4 (a)

13.5.2 At work LABOR CODE, Art. 84 (b); Omnibus Rules,

Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (b)

13.6 Specific rules

13.6.1 Rest period

13.6.1.1 Short LABOR CODE, Art. 84, 2nd par.; Omnibus

duration or Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7, 2nd par.
“coffee break”

13.6.1.2 Over 20 Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (b)

minutes

13.6.2 Meal period

13.6.2.1 Regular LABOR CODE, Art. 85; Omnibus Rules, Book

meal period (one III, Rule I, Sec. 7, 1st par.;
hour) Philippine Airlines v. NLRC,* 302 SCRA 582
(1999); Sime Darby Pilipinas, Inc. v. NLRC,
G.R. No. 119205, April 15, 1998

13.6.2.2 Shorter Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7, 1st

meal period (less par.
than one hour
but not less than Katolec Philippines Corp. Labor Union-
20 min.) Philippine Metalworkers Alliance v. Katolec
Philippines Corp., G.R. No. 235667 (Notice),
August 13, 2018

13.6.3 Waiting time Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 5 (a);
Arica v. NLRC*, 170 SCRA 776 (89)

13.6.4 On call Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 5 (b)

Union of Sual Power Plant Employees

21
 (USPPE) v. Team Sual Corp, G.R. No. 215188
(Notice), March 16, 2016
13.6.5 Inactive due to Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (d);
work interruptions University of Pangasinan Faculty Union v.
University of Pangasinan,* G.R. No. L-
63122, February 20, 1984; Durabuilt
Recapping Plant & Company v. NLRC, G.R.
No. 76746, July 27, 1987

13.6.6 Work after Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (c)
normal hours

13.6.7 Lectures, Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 6

meeting, trainings

13.6.8 Travel time Rada v. NLRC,* 205 SCRA 69 (1992)

13.6.9 "No Work, No University of Pangasinan Faculty Union v.

Pay" principle NLRC,* 127 SCRA 691 (1984); Prieto v.
NLRC,* 226 SCRA 232 (1993)

13.7 Overtime work/pay LABOR CODE, Arts. 87, 88, 89 & 90;
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Secs. 8, 9, &
10

13.7.1 In general LABOR CODE, Art. 87

13.7.1.1 PNB v. Phil. National Bank Employees

Rationale for Association, 115 SCRA 507 (1982)
overtime pay

13.7.1.2 LABOR CODE, Art. 87

Overtime work: Interphil Laboratories Employees' Union-FFW
voluntary/ v. Interphil Laboratories, Inc.,* G.R. No.
consensual 142824, December 19, 2001

13.7.1.3 William Lines, Inc. v. Lopez, 96 SCRA 593

Overtime (1980)
instruction, not
required

13.7.1.4 But Cagampan v. NLRC,* G.R. No. 85122-24,

evidence of March 22, 1991
performance of

22
 overtime work
required

13.7.1.5 No LABOR CODE, Art. 88, NAWASA v. NAWASA

offsetting of Consolidated Unions, 11 SCRA 766, 781 to
overtime with 782 (1964)
undertime

13.7.2 Emergency or LABOR CODE, Art. 89

compulsory overtime
work

13.7.3 Computation LABOR CODE, Art. 90

13.8 Night work LABOR CODE, Art. 86; Omnibus Rules, Book
III, Rule II, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6

14 WEEKLY REST PERIODS LABOR CODE, Arts. 91, 92 & 93; Omnibus
Rules, Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule III,
Secs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9

14.1 Coverage LABOR CODE, Arts. 82 & 91

14.2 Determination, LABOR CODE, Arts. 91, 92 & 93

compulsory work;
compensation

15 HOLIDAYS LABOR CODE, Art. 94; R.A. No. 9849;

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IV

15.1 Coverage LABOR CODE, Art. 94 (a);

Mantrade/FMMC Division Employees and
Workers Union v. Bacungan,* 144 SCRA 510
(1986);

David v. Macasio,* G.R. No. 195466, July 2,

2014

15.1.1 Exception: retail LABOR CODE, Art. 94 (a); Rules

establishment Implementing R.A. No. 6727, par. F

15.1.2 Exception: LABOR CODE, Art. 94 (a); Rules

service establishment Implementing R.A. No. 6727, par. G

23
 15.2 Holiday pay LABOR CODE, Art. 94(b);
Asian Transmission Corp. v. CA,* G.R. No.
144664, May 15, 2004

15.2.1 Faculty in Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IV, Sec. 8 (a);
private school Jose Rizal College v. NLRC,* 156 SCRA 27
(1987)

15.2.2 Divisor as factor Trans-Asia Phil. Employees Association v.

NLRC, 320 SCRA 347 (1999); Union of Filipro
Employees v. Vivar,* 205 SCRA 200 (1992)

15.2.3 Sunday Wellington Investment Inc. v. Trajano, 245

SCRA 561 (1995)

15.2.4 Muslim holiday SMC v. CA,* 375 SCRA 311 (2002); Re:
Request of Muslim Employees in the Different
Courts in Iligan City (Re: Office Hours), A.M.
No. 02-2-10-SC, December 14, 2005

16 SERVICE INCENTIVE LEAVE, Art. 95; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule V;
PATERNITY LEAVE AND Paternity Leave Act of 1996 (RA 8187); Solo
PARENTAL LEAVE Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000 (RA 8972)

16.1 Service incentive leave LABOR CODE, Art. 95 (a) (b); Omnibus
coverage Rules, Book III, Rule V;
David v. Macasio,* G.R. No. 195466, July 2,
2014

16.2 Paternity leave Paternity Leave Act of 1996 (R.A. No. 8187),
Secs. 1-6; Impl. Guidelines

16.3 Parental leave Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000 (R.A. No.
8972)

17 SERVICE CHARGES LABOR CODE, Art. 96; Omnibus Rules, Book

III, Rule VI

17.1 Covered LABOR CODE, Art. 96; Philippine Hotelier,

employees/sharing Inc. v. NUWHRAIN-APL-IUF-Dusit Hotel
Nikko Chapter, G.R. No. 181972, August
25, 2009

18 MINIMUM WAGES AND WAGE

24
 FIXING MACHINERY

18.1 Minimum wages LABOR CODE, Art. 99; CONST., Art. XIII,
Sec. 3

18.1.1 Rule

18.1.1.1 No work, Aklan Electric Corp., Inc. v. NLRC, 323 SCRA

no pay/ a fair 258 (2000);* Social Security System v. SSS
day’s wage for a Supervisors' Union,* 117 SCRA 746 (1982)
fair day’s labor
18.1.1.2 Equal LABOR CODE, Art. 135;
pay for work of International School Alliance of Educators v.
equal value Quisumbing,* G.R. No. 128845, June 1, 2000

18.1.1.3 Form: Arms Taxi v. NLRC, 219 SCRA 306 (1993)

agreement for
compensation of
services

18.1.2 Coverage LABOR CODE, Arts. 97 (b), (c) & (e) & 98;
Phil. Fisheries Development Authority v.
NLRC,* 213 SCRA 621 (1992)

18.1.3 Minimum wage LABOR CODE, Arts. 99, 97(f), 61, 75(c), &
80(b);
R.A. No. 9547, Sec. 2

18.1.4 Commissions are Iran v. NLRC, 289 SCRA 433 (1998)

included in determining
compliance with
minimum wage

18.1.5 Facilities and Millares v. NLRC, 305 SCRA 500 (1999); SLL
supplements/allowanc International Cables Specialist v. NLRC, 644
es SCRA 411 (2011); Our Haus Realty
Development Corp. v. Parian,* G.R. No.
204651, August 6, 2014

18.1.6 Cash Songco v. NLRC,* 183 SCRA 610 (1990);

wage/commission/pay Boie Takeda v. De la Serna,* 228 SCRA 329
ment by result (1993); Phil. Duplicators v. NLRC,* 241 SCRA
380 (1995); Philippine Spring Water
Resources, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 736 PHIL

25
 305-324; Tan v. Lagrama, 436 PHIL 190-208)

18.1.7 Gratuity and Plastic Town Center Corp. v. NLRC, 172 SCRA
salary/wages, 580 (1989)
difference

18.1.8 Effect on LABOR CODE, Art. 100;

benefits - Davao Fruits Corp. v. ALU,* 225 SCRA 562
(1993)

18.2 Wage-fixing machinery Wage Rationalization Act (R.A. No. 6727)

which amended Art. 120-127 & Omnibus
Rules, Book III, Rule IX

18.2.1 Rationale for RA 6727, Sec. 2

wage rationalization

18.2.2 Agencies in
wage fixing machinery

18.2.2.1 National RA 6727, Sec. 3; LABOR CODE, Arts. 120,

Wages and 121 & 126
Productivity
Commission

18.2.2.2 Regional RA 6727, Sec. 3; LABOR CODE, Arts. 122,

Tripartite Wages 126
and Productivity Nasipit Lumber Co. v. NWPC,* 289 SCRA 667
Board (1998)

18.2.3 RA 6727, Sec. 3; LABOR CODE, Art. 124

Standards/criteria for
minimum wage fixing

18.2.4 Wage order LABOR CODE, Arts. 123 & 124

18.2.4.1 Methods
of fixing

18.2.4.1.1
Floor wage
method

18.2.4.1.2 Employers Confederation of the Philippines v.

26
 Salary - NWPC,* 201 SCRA 759 (1991)
ceiling
method

18.2.4.2 Validity Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company, Inc. v.

NWPC,* 514 SCRA 346(2007); Nasipit
Integrated Arrastre and Stevedoring Services,
Inc. (NIASSI) v. Nasipit Employees Labor
Union (NELU)-ALU-TUCP, G.R. No. 162411,
June 30, 2008; Cagayan Sugar Milling Co. v.
Secretary,* 284 SCRA 150 (1998)

18.2.4.3 Wage LABOR CODE, Art. 124;

distortion Prubankers Association v. Prudential Bank &
Trust Co.,* 302 SCRA 74 (1999); P.I.
Manufacturing, Inc., v. P.I. Manufacturing
Supervisors and Foremen Association,* 543
SCRA 613 (2008)

18.3 Wage Payment and LABOR CODE, Arts. 102, 103, 104, &105;
Protection Civil Code, Art. 1705

18.3.1 Form of LABOR CODE, Art. 102; Civil Code, Art. 1705;
payment Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VIII, Secs. 1 &
2; Explanatory Bulletin issued by DOLE
Secretary Leonardo Quisumbing dated
November 25, 1996;

Congson v. NLRC,* 243 SCRA 260 (1995);

National Federation of Labor v. CA, G.R. No.
149464, G.R. No. 149464, October 19, 2004

18.3.2 Time of payment LABOR CODE, Art. 103; Omnibus Rules, Book
III, Rule VIII, Sec. 3

18.3.3 Place of LABOR CODE, Art. 104; Omnibus Rules, Book

payment III, Rule VIII, Sec. 4

18.3.4 Direct payment LABOR CODE, Art. 105; Omnibus Rules, Book
of wages III, Rule VIII, Secs. 5 & 6;

Bermiso v. Escano Inc., 105 Phil. 231 (1959);

but cf. LABOR CODE, Art. 247(e)

27
 18.4 Wage Prohibitions

18.4.1 Prohibition LABOR CODE, Art. 112; Omnibus Rules, Book

against interference in III, Rule VIII, Sec. 12
disposal of wages

18.4.2 Prohibition LABOR CODE, Art. 113; Omnibus Rules, Book

against wage deduction III, Rule VIII, Sec. 13;
Apodaca v. NLRC,* 172 SCRA 442 (1989);
Milan v. NLRC,* G.R. No. 202961, February
4, 2015

18.4.3 Prohibition LABOR CODE, Art. 114 & 115; Omnibus

against requirement to Rules, Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 14;
make deposits for loss Five J Taxi v. NLRC, 235 SCRA 556 (1994);
or damage Niña Jewelry Manufacturing of Metal Arts,
Inc. v. Montecillo,* G.R. No. 188169,
November 28, 2011

18.4.4 Prohibition LABOR CODE, Art.116; Civil Code, Art. 1706

against withholding of SHS Perforated Materials, Inc. v. Diaz, 633
wages SCRA 258 (2010); Milan v. NLRC,* G.R. No.
202961, February 4, 2015

18.4.5 Prohibition LABOR CODE, Art. 117

against deduction to
ensure employment

18.4.6 Prohibition LABOR CODE, Art. 118

against retaliatory
measures

18.4.7 Prohibition LABOR CODE, Art. 119; Omnibus Rules, Book

against false reporting III, Rule X, Sec. 13

18.4.8 Prohibition Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule X, Sec. 11;

against keeping South Motorists Enterprises v. Tosoc, 181
of employee’s SCRA 386 (1990)
records in a place
other than the
workplace
18.4.9 Prohibition Civil Code, Art. 1708;
against Gaa v. CA,* 140 SCRA 304 (1985)
garnishment/

28
 execution

18.5 Workers Preference In LABOR CODE, Art. 110; Civil Code, 1707,
The Event Of Bankruptcy 2241, 2242, 2244;
DBP v. Secretary of Labor,* G.R. 79351,
November 28, 1989; Republic v. Peralta, G.R.
No. L-56568, May 20, 1987

18.6 Wage Recovery/ LABOR CODE, Arts. 128, 129, 217, & 111;
Jurisdiction Balladares v. Peak Ventures Corp., G.R. No.
161794, June 16, 2009; Meteoro v. Creative
Creatures, Inc., G.R. No. 171275, July 13,
2009; Tanga-an v. Philippine Transmarine
Carriers, Inc., G.R. No. 180636, March 13,
2013; Montierro v. Rickmers Marine Agency
Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 210634, January 14,
2015

19 THIRTEENTH MONTH PAY Pres. Decree No. 851

19.1 History of the law Dentech Manufacturing Corp. v. NLRC,* 172

SCRA 588 (1989)

19.2 Coverage Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of

13th Month Pay Law (Revised Guidelines);
Archilles Manufacturing Corp. v. NLRC,* 244
SCRA 750 (1995)

19.3 Rationale P.D. No. 851, Whereas Clauses

19.4 Amount and date of Revised Guidelines, Sec. 4;

payment Central Azucarera De Tarlac v. Central
Azucarera De Tarlac Labor Union-NLU,* G.R.
No. 188949, July 26, 2010;

19.4.1 Basic Revised Guidelines, Sec. 4;

wage/commissions Songco v. NLRC,* 183 SCRA 610 (1990);
Boie Takeda v. dela Serna, 228 SCRA 329
(1993); Phil. Duplicators Inc. v. NLRC, 241
SCRA 380 (1995);* Iran v. NLRC,* 289 SCRA
433 (1998)

19.4.2 Substitute Framanlis Farms, Inc. v. MOLE, 171 SCRA 87

29
 payment (1989)

20 BONUS

20.1 Nature: Phil. Duplicators Inc. v. NLRC,* 241 SCRA

380 (1995)

20.2 Definition; when Producers Bank of the Philippines v. NLRC,

demandable 355 SCRA 489 (2001; Eastern
Telecomunications Phil. Inc. v. Eastern
Telecoms Union, G.R. No. 185665, February
8, 2012

21 WORKING CONDITIONS FOR

SPECIAL GROUP OF WORKERS

21.1 Women R.A. No. 10151 (2011); LABOR CODE, Arts.

154-161, 130 -136; Omnibus Rules, Book III,
Rule XII. See also Women in Development
and Nation Building Act, R.A. No. 7192
(1992); Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995,
R.A. No. 7877; Safe Spaces Act of 2019 (R.A.
No. 11323

21.1.1 Women under Phil. Telegraph and Telephone Co., v. NLRC,*

the Constitution - Art. 272 SCRA 596 (1997)
II, Sec. 14; Art. XIII,
Sec. 14

21.1.2 Coverage Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1

21.1.3 Prohibited acts

21.1.3.1 Night LABOR CODE, repealed Arts. 130 & 131; R.A.
work/exception No. 10151

21.1.3.2 LABOR CODE, Art. 133

Discrimination

21.1.3.3 LABOR CODE, Art. 134; Philippine Telegraph

Stipulation and Telephone Co. v. NLRC,* 272 SCRA 596
against marriage (1997); Star Paper Corp. v. Simbol,* 487
SCRA 228(2006)

30
 21.1.3.4 LABOR CODE, Art. 135; Del Monte
Discharge Philippines, Inc. v. Velasco, G.R. No. 153477;
because of March 6, 2007
pregnancy

21.1.4 Facilities LABOR CODE, Arts. 130 & 132

21.1.4 Special rights Violence Against Women and Their Children

(R.A. No. 9262); Magna Carta for Women
(R.A. No. 9710); DO No. 112-A, s 2012

21.1.6 Right to Expanded Maternity Leave Law (R.A. No.

maternity benefits 11210); Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion
Act of 2009 (R.A. No 10028); Solo Parents’
Welfare Act of 2000 (R.A. No. 8972)

21.1.7 Right against RA No. 7877; R.A. No. 11313

sexual harassment Domingo v. Rayala,* G.R. No. 155831,
February 18, 2008

21.2 Minors LABOR CODE, Arts.137 & 138; Omnibus

Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Secs. 2 & 3; Special
Protection of Children Against Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act (R.A. No.
7610), as amended by the Special Protection
of Children Act (R.A. No. 7658)

21.2.1 Minors under CONST, Art. II, Sec. 13

the Constitution

21.2.2 Coverage Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1

21.2.3 Working LABOR CODE, Art. 137; RA 7610, as

children amended, Secs. 12-16; Department Advisory
No. 01-08; DOLE Memo Circular No. 2, s.
1998 Re: Hazardous and non-hazardous
establishments; R.A. No. 10361, Sec. 4 (d) &
(h)

21.2.4 Discrimination LABOR CODE, Art. 138

21.2 Elderlies Anti-age Discrimination in Employment Act,

R.A. No. 10911; DOLE DO No. 170 s. 2017

31