Physical Science

Science
Module
PS-6.7
Interactions of Matter and
Energy

Lesson A

Standard: nThe student will demonstrate an understanding

of the nature, conservation and transformation of energy.

Indicator: Use the formula V = IR to solve problems related

to electric circuits.

Other Indicators Addressed: PS- 1.5, 6.6

Instructional Progression:
In the 6th grade students explained how energy can be transformed from one form
to another (including the two types of mechanical energy, potential and kinetic, as
well as chemical and electrical energy) in accordance with the law of conservation
of energy (6-5.2).
In Physical Science students will expand their concept of conservation of energy by
applying the concept to transformations between various types of energy. Students
will understand cause and effects relationships involved in transformations.

Taxonomy level of indicator:

2.7-B Understand Conceptual Knowledge

Key Concepts:
Law of conservation of energy
Work
Energy/Energy forms:
Mechanical energy,
Electrical energy
Chemical energy
Light energy
Sound energy
Thermal energy
Energy transformation

Content Overview:
It is essential for students to understand that
 The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or
destroyed. Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but the total
amount of energy never changes.
 Energy is the property of an object or a system that enables it to do work.
o Work is done when a force is applied to an object, and the object moves
some distance in response to the force in the direction of the force.
o Work is the product of the force applied to an object and the distance the
object is moved in the direction of the force (displacement) (PS-6.3)
 If you consider a system in its entirety, the total amount of energy never
changes.
 There are many different kinds of energy.
o Mechanical energy is energy due to the position of something or the
movement of something. Mechanical energy can be potential, kinetic, or the
sum of the two.
o Chemical energy is a type of energy associated with atoms, ions, and
molecules and the bonds they form. Chemical energy will change to another
form of energy when a chemical reaction occurs.
o Electrical energy is energy associated with current and voltage.
o Thermal energy is the energy associated with the random motion and
arrangement of the particles of a material.
 o Light energy is energy that associated with electromagnetic waves.
o Sound energy is energy associated longitudinal mechanical waves.

Teaching Lesson A:
Mathematics of Ohm’s Law

Introduction to the Lesson:

Students should be taught how to read word problems; how to use appropriate
equations and how to solve for the correct unknown variable.

Lesson time:
1.0 day

Materials Needed:
Student Worksheet

Essential Question:
What is the correct procedure for solving word problems, in this instance, those
relating to electric circuits?

Procedure:
Work a sufficient number of problems from the following selection to ensure student
understanding.

Assessing the Lesson:

Formative Assessment
Use the problems remaining (those not demonstrated) to assess understanding.

Mathematics of Ohm’s Law

Use the formula, V=IR to solve problems related to electric circuits.

V = IR

I = V/R

R = V/I

Sample problems
1. A light bulb has a resistance of 240 ohms. Find the current when placed in a
120-volt circuit.

2. The current in the coil of an 8-ohm loudspeaker is 0.5 amperes. Find the voltage
across its terminals.

3. Find the resistance in a circuit that has a voltage of 120 volts and a current of 4
amps.
4. In a simple house circuit there is a current of 0.6 amps flowing through a lamp
with a resistance of 20 ohms. What is the voltage in the circuit?

5. An electric stove is connected to a 240-volt source. The current is 30 amps.

What is the resistance in ohms?

6. An electric bug killer with a resistance of 80 ohms operates on a 120-volt line.

What is the amperage flowing through it?

7. A table saw is plugged into a 120 volt source and is drawing 15 amps of current.
What is its resistance?

8. A fan is drawing 2 amps of current. Its resistance is 4.5 ohms. What is the
voltage of its power source?

9. An iron is plugged into a 120-volt source and has 10 ohms resistance. What is
the current?

10. An electric toothbrush operates on 120 volts and has a current of 0.0125
amps. What is its resistance?

Answers to Problems with Ohm’s Law

1. 0.50 amp

2. 4 volt

3. 30 ohm

4. 12 volts

5. 8 ohms

6. 1.5 amps

7. 8 ohms

8. 9 volts

9. 12 amps

10. 9600 ohms

Assessment 1
Summative Assessment
Problems Related to Electric Circuits

Use the formula, V=IR to solve problems related to electric circuits.

Calculating Current

1. What is the current produced with a 9-volt battery through a resistance of

100 ohms?
2. Find the current when a 12-volt battery is connected through a resistance
of 25 ohms.
3. If the potential difference is 120 volts and the resistance is 50 ohms, what
is the current?
4. What would be the current in Problem 3 if the potential difference were
doubled?
5. What would be the current in Problem 3 if the resistance were doubled?

Calculating Voltage

6. What voltage produces a current of 50 amps with a resistance of 20

ohms?
7. What voltage produces a current of 500 amps with a resistance of 50
ohms?

Calculating Resistance

8. What resistance would produce a current of 200 amperes with a potential

difference of 200 volts?
9. A 12-volt battery produces a current of 25 amperes. What is the
resistance?
10. A 9-volt battery produces a current of 2.0 amperes. What is the
resistance?
11. An overhead wire has a potential difference of 2000 volts. If the current
flowing through the wire is one million amperes, what is the resistance of
the wire?
12. What is the resistance of a light bulb if a 120-volt potential difference
produces a current of 0.8 amperes?

Answers

1. V=9 volts R = 100 ohms I = V/R I= 9volts /100ohms = 0.09

amps

2. V=12 volts R = 25 ohms I=V/R I= 12 volts/25 ohms =

0.408 amps

3. V=120 volts R =50 ohms I=V/R I= 120 volts/50

ohms = 2.4 amps

4. V=2 (120) = 240 volts R = 50 ohms I=V/R I= 240 volts/50

ohms = 4.8 amps
 5. V= 120 volts R = 2(50 ohms) = 100 ohms I=V/R I = 120 volts/100
ohms = 1.2 amps

6. I = 50 amps R = 20 ohmsV= IR V= (50 amps)(20ohms)

=1000volts

7. I=500 amps R= 50 ohms V=IR V=(500amps)

(50ohms)=25,000volts

8. I=200 amp V=200volts R =V/I

R= 200volts/200amps= 1 ohm

9. V=12volts I=25amps R=V/I R=12volts/25amps =

0.405 ohms

10. V= 9 volts I=2.0 amps R=V/I R=9volts/2.0amps = 4.5

ohms

11. V=2000volts I= 1,000,000amps R=V/I R=

2000volts/1,000,000amps =0.002ohms

12. V=120 volts I=0.8 amps R=V/I R= 120volts/0.8amps=

150 ohms

Assessment 2
EOC Type Questions

1. A 45-volt (V) electrical circuit conducts a current. The resistance (R) of the
circuit is 50.0 ohms. Given the equation V = IR, what is the amount of
current (I) in the circuit?
A. 0.11 ampere
B. 0.90 ampere
C. 50.0 amperes
D. 225 amperes

2. An electrical circuit with a power source of 56 V produces a current of 2.0

amperes. The resistance in the circuit will be:
A. 112 ohms
B. 14 ohms
C. 28 ohms
D. 72 ohms

3. If a current of 2.5 amps is flowing through an electrical circuit which has a

resistance of 20 ohms the voltage produced by the source is:
A. 8.0 volts
B. 1.5 volts
C. 40.0 volts
D. 50.0 volts
4. If the resistance in an electric circuit is reduced by half, the voltage is kept
the same, how will the current change?
A. The current will double.
B. The current will be reduced by half.
C. The current will remain the same.
D. The current will quadruple.

5. In an electric circuit if a constant voltage of 40V is maintained, and the

current is 2.0 amperes, what will be the resistance in the circuit?
A. 80 ohms
B. 20 ohms
C. 10 ohms
D. 40 ohms

Answers
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
 CAROLINA SUPPORT SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE
Content Area: Science Inquiry Skills-These standards should be addressed during the first few weeks of
Science school and revisited throughout each unit. Physical Science
Recommended Days of Instruction: 1 (one day equals 90 min)
Standard(s) addressed: PS–6 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature, conservation, and
transformation of energy.

Energy Transformations
Indicator Recommended Resources Suggested Instructional Strategies Assessment Guidelines
PS–6.7 SC Science Standards Support Module 6-7 Assessment 1
Use the formula Guide Problems Related to
V = IR to solve https://www.ed.sc.gov/apps/cso/s Lesson A Electric Circuits
problems related tandards/supdocs_hs.cfm? Problems Relating to Electric Circuits – Assessment 2
to electric A Worksheet EOC Type Questions
circuits. Adopted Physical Science Textbook
(see appendix for correlations) The objective of this
indicator is to use the
ETV Streamline SC : A World in formula V = IR to solve
Motion; Ohm’s Law and Energy problems related to
Ohm’s Law is used to explain electric circuits,
electrical safety therefore, the primary
focus of assessment
The Kavli Operating Institute should be to apply the
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phet correct procedure to
/web-pages/index/html mathematically
determine one of the
School for Champions variables in the formula,
http://www.school-for-
V = I R, for situations
champions.com/
involving any simple
DCSMT Dearborn Public Schools circuit.
http://www.physicslessons.com In addition to use,
assessments may require
Indicator Recommended Resources Suggested Instructional Strategies Assessment Guidelines
North Carolina State University that students
http://www.physics.ncsu.edu/pira/de Recognize the symbols
mosite.html and units for voltage,
current, and resistance.