41

P.G. Curriculum
MD Pediatrics
Index

1. Goals

2. Objectives

3. Syllabus

4. Teaching Program

5. Posting

6. Thesis

7. Assessment

8. Job Responsibilities

9. Suggested Books

10. Model Test Papers

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PG Curriculum
MD Pediatrics
The infrastructure and faculty will be as per MCI guidelines.

1. Goals
The goal of Post graduation (MD) course in Pediatrics is to produce a competent
pediatrician who:

Recognizes the health needs of neonates, infants, children and adolescents and
carries out professional obligations in keeping with principles of National Health
Policy and professional ethics;

Has acquired the competencies pertaining to pediatrics that are required to be
practiced in the community and at all levels of health care system;

Has acquired skills in effectively communicating with the child, family and the
community;

Is aware of the contemporary advances and developments in medical sciences
as related to child health;

Is oriented to principles of research methodology; and

Has acquired skills in educating medical and paramedical professionals.

2. Objectives
At the end of the MD course in Pediatrics, the student should be able to :

Recognize the key importance of child health in the context of the health priority
of the country;

Practice the specialty of Pediatrics in keeping with the principles of professional
ethics;

Identify social, economic, environmental, biological and emotional determinants
of child and adolescent health, and institute diagnostic, therapeutic,
rehabilitative, preventive and promotive measures to provide holistic care to
children;

Recognize the importance of growth, nutrition and development as the
foundation of Pediatrics; and help each child realize her/his optimal potential in
this regard;

Take detailed history, perform complete physical examination including neuro-
development and behavioral assessment and anthropometric measurements of
the child and make clinical diagnosis;

Perform relevant investigative and therapeutic procedures for the pediatric
patient;

Interpret important imaging and laboratory results;

Diagnose illness in children based on the analysis of history, physical
examination and investigative work up;

Plan and deliver comprehensive treatment for illness in children using principles
of rational drug therapy;

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Plan and advise measures for the prevention of childhood disease and disability.

Plan rehabilitation of children suffering from chronic illness and handicap, and
those with special needs;

Manage childhood emergencies efficiently;

Provide comprehensive care to normal, ‘at risk’ and sick neonates;

Demonstrate skills in documentation of case details, and of morbidity and
mortality data relevant to the assigned situation;

Recognize the emotional and behavioral characteristics of children, and keep
these fundamental attributes in focus while dealing with them;

Demonstrate empathy and humane approach towards patients and their families
and respect cultural needs.

Demonstrate communication skills of a high order in explaining management and
prognosis, providing counseling and giving health education messages to
patients, families and communities;

Develop skills as a self-directed learner, recognize continuing educational needs;
use appropriate learning resources, and critically analyze relevant published
literature in order to practice evidence-based pediatrics;

Demonstrate competence in basic concepts of research methodology and
epidemiology;

Facilitate learning of medical/nursing students, practicing physicians, para-
medical health workers and other providers as a teacher-trainer;

Play the assigned role in the implementation of national health programs,
effectively and responsibly;

Organize and supervise the desired managerial and leadership skills;

Function as a productive member of a team engaged in health care, research
and education.

3. Syllabus
3.1 Theory

Approach to important clinical problems
 Growth and development.
Short stature, obesity, precocious and delayed puberty, developmental delay,
impaired learning.
 Neonatology.
Normal newborn, low birth weight newborn, sick newborn.
 Nutrition.
Lactation management and complementary feeding, protein energy malnutrition
(underweight, wasting, stunting) and micronutrient and vitamin deficiency,
failure to thrive.
 Cardiovascular.
Murmur, cyanosis, congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, arrhythmia,
shock.
 GIT and liver.

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Acute, persistent and chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain and distension, ascites,
vomiting, constipation, gastrointestinal bleeding, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly
and chronic liver disease, hepatic failure and encephalopathy.
 Respiratory
Cough/chronic cough, noisy breathing, wheezy child, respiratory distress,
hemoptysis.
 Infections.
Acute onset, pyrexia with and without localizing sign, recurrent infections,
nosocomial infections.
 Renal
Hematuria/dysuria, bladder/bowel incontinence, voiding dys-functions,
inguinoscrotal swelling, renal failure (acute and chronic).
 Hematooncology.
Lymphadeno-pathy, anemia, bleeding.
 Neurology.
Limping child, convulsions, abnormality of gait, intracranial space occupying
lesion, paraplegia, quadriplegia, large head, small head, floppy infant, acute
flaccid paralysis, cerebral palsy and other neuromotor disability, headache.
 Endocrine.
Thyroid swelling, ambi-guous genitalia,obesity, short stature.
 Skin/Eye/ENT.
Skin rash, pigmentary lesions, pain/discharge from ear, hearing loss, epistaxis,
refractory errors, blindness, cataract, eye discharge, redness, squint, proptosis.
 Miscellaneous.
Habit disorders, hyperactivity and attention deficit syndrome, arthralgia,
arthritis, multiple congenital anomalies. speech disorders.

Disorders
Definition, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, presentation, complications,
differential diagnosis, and treatment
 Growth and development.
Principles of growth and development, normal growth and development in
childhood and adolescence, deviations in growth and development, sexual
maturation and its disturbances.
 Neonatology.
Perinatal care, normal newborn, care in the labor room and resuscitation, low
birth weight, prematurity, newborn feeding, respiratory distress, apnea,
infections, jaundice, anemia and bleeding disorders, neurologic disorders,
gastrointestinal disorders, renal disorders, malformations, thermoregulation and
its disorders, understanding of perinatal medicine.
 Nutrition.
Maternal nutritional disorders: impact on fetal outcome, nutrition for the low
birth weight, breast feeding, infant feeding including complementary feeding,
protein energy malnutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, trace elements of

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nutritional importance, obesity, adolescent nutrition, nutritional management in

diarrhea, nutritional management of systemic illnesses (celiac disease,
hepatobiliary disorders, nephrotic syndrome), parenteral and enteral nutrition in
neonates and children.
 Cardiovascular.
Congenital heart diseases (cyanotic and acyanotic), rheumatic fever and
rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis, arrhythmia, diseases of
myocardium (cardiomyopathy, myocarditis), diseases of pericardium, systemic
hypertension, hyperlipidemia in children.
 Respiratory.
Congenital and acquired disorders of nose, infections of upper respiratory tract,
tonsils and adenoids, obstructive sleep apnea, congenital anomalies of lower
respiratory tract, acute inflammatory upper airway obstruction, foreign body in
larynx, trachea and bronchi, subglottic stenosis (acute and chronic), trauma to
larynx, neoplasm of larynx and trachea, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, aspiration
pneumonia, GER, acute pneumonia, recurrent and interstitial pneumonia,
suppurative lung disease, atelectasis, lung cysts, emphysema and
hyperinflation bronchial asthma, pulmonary edema, bronchiectasis, pleural
effusion, pulmonary leaks, mediastinal mass.
 Gastrointestinal and liver diseases.
Diseases of mouth, oral cavity and tongue, disorders of deglutition and
esophagus, peptic ulcer disease, H. pylori infection, foreign body, congenital
pyloric stenosis, intestinal obstruction, malabsorption syndrome, acute and
chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Hirschsprung’s
disease, anorectal malformations, liver disorders: hepatitis, hepatic failure,
chronic liver disease, Wilson’s disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome, metabolic
diseases of liver, cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
 Nephrologic disorders.
Acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, hemolytic uremic
syndrome, urinary tract infection, VUR and renal scarring, renal involvement in
systemic diseases, renal tubular disorders, congenital and hereditary renal
disorders, renal and bladder stones, posterior ure-thral valves, hydronephrosis,
voiding dysfunction, enuresis, undescended testis, Wilm’s tumor, fluid-
electrolyte disturbances.
 Neurologic disorders.
Seizure and non seizure paroxysmal events, epilepsy and epileptic syndromes
of childhood, meningitis (pyogenic and TBM), brain abscess, coma, acute
encephalitis and febrile encephalopathies, Guillain-Barre syndrome,
neurocysticercosis and other neuro-infestations, HIV encephalopathy, SSPE,
cerebral palsy, neurometabolic disorders, mental retardation, learning
disabilities, muscular dystrophies, acute flaccid paralysis and AFP surveillance,
ataxia, movement disorders of childhood, CNS tumors, malformations,
Neurocutaneous syndrome, Neurodegenerative disorders, head injury
 Hematology and oncology.

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Deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, disorders

of hemostasis, thrombocytopenia, blood component therapy, transfusion
related infections, bone marrow transplant/ stem cell transplant, acute and
chronic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, neuroblastoma, hypercoagulable states, transfusion related
problems.
 Endocrinology.
Hypopituitarism/hyperpituitarism, Diabetes insipidus, pubertal disorders, hypo
and hyperthyroidism, hypo- and hyperparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency,
Cushing’s syndrome, adrenogenital syndromes, diabetes mellitus,
hypoglycemia, short stature, failure to thrive, gonadal dysfunction and
intersexuality, pubertal changes and gynecological disorders.
 Infections.
Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, rickettssial, mycoplasma, Pneumocystis carinii
infections, chlamydia, protozoal and parasitic, tuberculosis, HIV, nosocomial
infections, control of epidemics and infection prevention.
 Emergency and critical care.
Emergency care of shock, cardiorespiratory arrest, respiratory failure,
congestive cardiac failure, acute renal failure, status epilepticus, fluid and
electrolyte disturbances and its therapy, acid-base disturbances, poisoning,
accidents, scorpion and snake bites. Management of arrythmia, ARDS, Hepatic
encephalopathy, CRF, DKA, poisoning (including OPC) near drowning, status
asthmaticus .
 Immunology and rheumatology.
Arthritis (acute and chronic), connective tissue disorders, disorders of
immunoglobulins, T and B cell disorders, immunodeficiency syndromes,
 ENT.
Acute and chronic otitis media, conductive/sensorineural hearing loss, post-
diphtheritic palatal palsy, acute/chronic tonsillitis/adenoids, allergic
rhinitis/sinusitis, foreign body.
 Skin diseases
Exanthematous illnesses, vascular lesions, pigment disorders, vesicobullous
disorders, infections: pyogenic, fungal and parasitic; Steven-Johnson
syndrome, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, drug rash, urticaria, alopecia,
icthyosis.
 Eye problems.
Refraction and accommodation, partial/total loss of vision, cataract, night
blindness, chorio-retinitis, strabismus, conjunctival and corneal disorders,
retinopathy of prematurity, retinoblastoma, optic atrophy, papilledema.
 Behavioral and psychological disorders
Rumination, pica, enuresis, encopresis, sleep disorders, habit disorders, breath
holding spells, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, temper tantrums, attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism.
 Social pediatrics.

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National health programs related to child health, child abuse and neglect, child
labor, adoption, disability and rehabilitation, rights of the child, national policy of
child health and population, juvenile delinquency.
 Genetics.
Chromosomal disorders, single gene disorders, multifactorial/polygenic
disorders, genetic diagnosis, and prenatal diagnosis, gene therapy and genetic
counselling.
 Orthopedics.
Major congenital orthopedic deformities, bone and joint infections: pyogenic,
tubercular, and common bone tumors.
 Vaccine preventable diseases/all vaccines including newer vaccines.
 Miscellaneous
Inborn errors of metabolism, allergic disorders.
 Clinical

3.2 Practical
 History and examination.
History taking including psychosocial history, environmental immunization
history, physical examination including fundus examination, newborn
examination, including gestation assessment; thermal protection of young
infants, nutritional anthropometry and its assessment, assessment of growth,
use of growth chart, SMR rating, developmental evaluation, communication
with children, parents, health functionaries and social support groups; and
genetic counseling.
 Bedside procedures
 Monitoring skills: Temperature recording, capillary blood sampling, arterial
blood sampling.
 Therapeutic skills: Hydrotherapy, nasogastric feeding, endotracheal
intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (pediatric and neonatal),
administration of oxygen, venepuncture and establishment of vascular
access, administration of fluids, blood, blood components, parenteral
nutrition, intraosseous fluid administration, intrathecal administration of
drugs, common dressings, abscess drainage and basic principles of
rehabilitation.
 Investigative skills: Lumbar puncture, ventricular tap, bone marrow aspiration
and biopsy, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and subdural tap, biopsy of liver
and kidney, collection of urine for culture, urethral catheterization,
suprapubic aspiration.
 Bedside investigations.
Hemoglobin, TLC, ESR, peripheral smear staining and examination, urine:
routine and microscopic examination, stool microscopy including hanging drop
preparation, examination of CSF and other body fluids, Gram stain, ZN stain,
shake test on gastric aspirate.
 Interpretation of

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X-rays of chest, abdomen, bone and head; ECG; ABG findings; CT/MRI scan
and other investigation relevant to Pediatrics.
 Understanding of
common EEG patterns, audiograms, ultrasonographic abnormalities and
isotope studies.

Basic Sciences
Embryogenesis of different organ systems especially heart, genitourinary
system, gastrointestinal tract, applied anatomy of different organs, functions of
kidney, liver, lungs, heart and endocrinal glands. Physiology of micturition and
defecation, placental physiology, fetal and neonatal circulation, regulation of
temperature (especially newborn), blood pressure, acid base balance, fluid
electrolyte balance, calcium metabolism, vitamins and their functions,
hematopoiesis, hemostasis, bilirubin metabolism. Growth and development at
different ages, puberty and its regulation, nutrition, normal requirements of
various nutrients. Basic immunology, biostatistics, clinical epidemiology, ethical
and medicolegal issues, teaching methodology and managerial skills,
pharmacokinetics of commonly used drugs, microbial agents and their
epidemiology.

Community and Social Pediatrics

National health nutrition programs, nutrition screening of community, prevention
of blindness, school health programs, prevention of sexually transmitted
diseases, contraception, health legislation, national policy on children,
adolescence, adoption, child labor, juvenile delinquency, government and non-
government support services for children, investigation of adverse events
following immunization in the community, general principles of prevention and
control of infections including food borne, waterborne, soil borne and vector
borne diseases, investigation of an outbreak in a community.

4. Teaching Program
4.1. General Principles
Acquisition of practical competencies being the keystone of postgraduate
medical education, postgraduate training should be skill oriented.
Learning in postgraduate program is essentially self-directed and primarily
emanating from clinical and academic work. The formal sessions are meant to
supplement this core effort.

4.2. Teaching Sessions

Clinical case discussions :
 PG bed side
 Teaching rounds
 Mock Examination

Seminars/Journal club

Statistical meetings : weekly/monthly, clinico pathological meet

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Mortality meetings

Perinatal meetings

Interdepartmental Meetings : Pediatric Surgery, Obstetrics, Skin, pathology,
SPM, Pharmacology, Radiology

Others – Guest lectures/vertical seminars/Central Stat meets.

4.3. Teaching Schedule:

In addition to bedside teaching rounds in the department, there should be daily
hourly sessions of formal teaching. The suggested teaching schedule is as
follows:

1. Journal club/Seminar alternate week Once a fortnight

2. Seminar Once a fortnight

3. Bed side case discussion Once a week

4. Statistics and mortality meet (detailed discussion of Once a week

all the deaths occurring in previous week)

5. Statistics (including OPD, ward, nursery and PICU) Once a month

6. Thesis meet/ Intradepartment meet to monitor Once a month

progress by PG residents for administrative training.
7. Interdepartmental meet (cardiology, neurology, Once a month
radiology, pharmacology, microbiology, statistics etc)

8. Perinatology meet with department of Obstetrics and Once a month

Gynae including statistics discussing any neonatal
death/topic

9. Mock exam (bed side case is allotted 1 hour prior to Once a week
presentation) on the pattern of University
examination.

Central session (CPC, guest lectures, integrated student Once a week

seminars, grand round, sessions on basic sciences,
biostatistics, research methodology, teaching methodology,
health economics, medical ethics and legal issues).
Note:

All sessions should be attended by the faculty members

All teaching sessions should be assessed by the consultants at the end of
session and marks are considered for internal assessment.

5. Postings
The postgraduate student should rotate through all the clinical units in the
department.

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Neonatology (including perinatology): 6-9 months

Intensive Care: 6-8 months

Emergency: 4-6 months

Pediatric ward (including outpatient dept): 9-12 months with rotation in both the
units.

6. Thesis

Every candidate should carry out work on an assigned research project under
the guidance of a recognized Postgraduate Teacher; the project shall be written
and submitted in the form of a Thesis.

Every candidate should submit thesis plan to the University within nine months
from the date of admission.

Thesis should be submitted to the University six months before the
commencement of theory examination i.e. for examination May/June session,
30th November of the preceding year of examination and for
November/December session 31st May of the year of examination.

The student should identify a relevant research question; (ii) conduct a critical
review of literature; (iii) formulate a hypothesis; (iv) determine the most suitable
study design; (v) state the objectives of the study; (vi) prepare a study protocol;
(vii) undertake a study according to the protocol; (viii) analyze and interpret
research data, and draw conclusions; (ix) write a research paper.

7. Assessment
All the PG residents will be assessed daily for their academic activities and also
periodically.

7.1. General Principles

The assessment is valid, objective, and reliable.

It covers cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains.

Formative, continuing and summative (final) assessment is also conducted in
theory as well as practicals/clinicals. In addition, thesis is also assessed
separately.

7.2. Formative Assessment

The formative assessment is continuous as well as end-of-term. The former is be based on
the feedback from the senior residents and the consultants concerned. End-of-term
assessment is held at the end of each semester (upto the 5th semester). Formative
assessment will not count towards pass/fail at the end of the program, but will provide
feedback to the candidate.

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7.3. Internal Assessment

The performance of the Postgraduate student during the training period
should be monitored throughout the course and duly recorded in the log books as
evidence of the ability and daily work of the student. Marks should be allotted out of
100 as followed.
Sr. No. Items Marks
1. Personal Attributes 20
2. Clinical Work 20
3. Academic activities 20
4. End of term theory examination 20
5. End of term practical examination 20

1. Personal attributes:

Behavior and Emotional Stability: Dependable, disciplined, dedicated, stable
in emergency situations, shows positive approach.

Motivation and Initiative: Takes on responsibility, innovative, enterprising, does
not shirk duties or leave any work pending.

Honesty and Integrity: Truthful, admits mistakes, does not cook up information,
has ethical conduct, exhibits good moral values, loyal to the institution.

Interpersonal Skills and Leadership Quality: Has compassionate attitude
towards patients and attendants, gets on well with colleagues and paramedical
staff, is respectful to seniors, has good communication skills.

2. Clinical Work:

Availability: Punctual, available continuously on duty, responds promptly on
calls and takes proper permission for leave.

Diligence: Dedicated, hardworking, does not shirk duties, leaves no work
pending, does not sit idle, competent in clinical case work up and management.

Academic ability: Intelligent, shows sound knowledge and skills, participates
adequately in academic activities, and performs well in oral presentation and
departmental tests.

Clinical Performance: Proficient in clinical presentations and case discussion
during rounds and OPD work up. Preparing Documents of the case
history/examination and progress notes in the file (daily notes, round discussion,
investigations and management) Skill of performing bed side procedures and
handling emergencies.

3. Academic Activity: Performance during presentation at Journal club/ Seminar/

Case discussion/Stat meeting and other academic sessions. Proficiency in skills
as mentioned in job responsibilities.

4. End of term theory examination conducted at end of 1st, 2nd year and after 2
years 9 months

5. End of term practical/oral examinations after 2 years 9 months.

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Marks for personal attributes and clinical work should be given annually by
all the consultants under whom the resident was posted during the year. Average of
the three years should be put as the final marks out of 20.

Marks for academic activity should be given by the all consultants who have
attended the session presented by the resident.

The Internal assessment should be presented to the Board of examiners for

due consideration at the time of Final Examinations.

7.4. Summative Assessment

Ratio of marks in theory and practicals will be equal.

The pass percentage will be 50%.

Candidate will have to pass theory and practical examinations separately.

A. Theory examination (Total = 400 marks)

Title Marks
Paper 1: Basic sciences as 100
related to pediatrics
Paper 2: Principles and Practice of Pediatrics 100
Paper 3: Preventive & Social aspects of Pediatrics and 100
Diseases of Neonates & Infants
Paper 4: Recent Advances in Pediatrics 100

B. Practical & viva voce examination (Total = 400 marks)

Long Case (s)
Short Case (s)

Viva Voce

8. Job Responsibilities

OPD : History and work up of all cases and presentation to the consultants
 This includes all the special clinics also
 Documentation. OPD card and register completion and maintenance

Indoors :
 PICU/NSCU & NICU/Emergency : Sending investigations and filling
investigation forms

Ward : History and work up of all cases
 Starting initial management – Oxygen, IV antibiotics, fluids
 Transport of sick patients
 Preporation of weekly, monthly & annual stat
Sending AFP reports.

Performing procedures :
 I/V cannulation

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 Lumbar puncture
 Bone marrow examination
 Plural tap, peritoneal tap, pericardial tap, central line insertion, renal biopsy,
liver biopsy

Examination of all patients and documentation in the files.

Completion of files

Preparation of typed discharge summary

9. Suggested Reading
9.1. Core Books & Reference Books

Nelson Text book of Pediatrics

Avery Text book of Neonatology

Care of Newborn Meharban Singh

Cloherty – Mannual of Neonatal Care

IAP Text book of Pediatrics

9.2. Journals

Indian J Pediatrics

Indian Pediatrics

Journal of Pediatrics

Pediatric Clinics of North America

Archives of Diseases of Childhood

10. Model Test Papers

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER

MD (Paediatrics)
Paper-I
Basic Sciences in relation to Pediatrics
Max. Marks:100 Time: 3 hrs

• Attempt ALL questions

• Answer each question & its parts in SEQUENTIAL ORDER
• ALL questions carry equal marks
• Illustrate your answer with SUITABLE DIAGRAMS

I Give various steps of thyroid hormone synthesis. Describe types of thyroid

dysgeneis.

II Describe the mechanism of thermogenesis in newborns.

III Enumerate the 4 signs of good attachment of a baby at the breast. Discuss the
advantages of breast milk over bovine milk.

IV Discuss the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. Explain the interpretation of the

widal test.

V Draw and describe structure of a renal tubule. Enumerate its functions.

VI Outline the mechanism of CSF formation and its circulation. Mention the
various lesions involved in obstructive hydrocephalus.

VII What is the embryological basis of Tracheo - Esophageal Fistula? Enumerate

the various types of Tracheo – Esophageal Fistula.

VIII Discuss the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

IX Enumerate the causes of generalized oedema in a child and give the basic
etiopathogenesis of each.

X Mention the embryological basis of VSD. Describe the hemodynamics

Involved.

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER

MD (Paediatrics)
Paper-II
Principles and Practice of Pediatrics
Max. Marks:100 Time: 3 hrs

• Attempt ALL questions

• Answer each question & its parts in SEQUENTIAL ORDER
• ALL questions carry equal marks
• Illustrate your answer with SUITABLE DIAGRAMS

I Enumerate causes of Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) in Children. How will

you screen and Diagnose a case of Celiac Disease ?

II Describe etiology, diagnosis & treatment protocol of a case of Aplastic Anemia

in a child.

III Give the International League of Association of Rheumatology (ILAR)

classification of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Tabulate the differences
between rheumatic and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

IV Enumerate the various neurocutaneous syndromes in children. Discuss the

neuro imaging findings in each of them.

V Discuss the differential diagnosis of an 8 year old child with sudden onset
hemiplegia.

VI How would you investigate a child with failure to thrive?

VII Describe about the general principles of genetic counselling

VIII Discuss the management of frequent relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome.

IX Describe the complications of enteric fever.

X Discuss the management of a cyanotic spell.

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER

MD (Paediatrics)
Paper-III
Preventive & Social aspects of Pediatrics and Diseases of Neonates &
Infants
Max. Marks:100 Time: 3 hrs

• Attempt ALL questions

• Answer each question & its parts in SEQUENTIAL ORDER
• ALL questions carry equal marks
• Illustrate your answer with SUITABLE DIAGRAMS

I Describe various components of bio-physical profile

II Enumerate the four questions to be asked to self while receiving a baby at

birth. How would you manage in case there is “NO” to any of these?

III Give the composition of surfactant. Describe the various preventive strategies
for Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD).

IV Describe the timings and dosages of various nutritional supplements in LBW

babies.

V Give the treatment protocol for a neonate with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA).

VI Mention the modified Bell’s staging for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Give
the treatment guidelines of each of them.

VII Give the algorithm for diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis. Tabulate the
differences between Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia (EHBA) and Neonatal
Hepatits.

VIII Mention the definition and types of apnea in new born. How will you treat a
baby with apnea of prematurity?

IX Enumerate the goals of Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) and the
package of services offered by this for children and mothers.

X Give Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) case classification flow chart. How will you
Collect, store & transfer stool sample in a case of AFP?

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER

MD (Paediatrics)
Paper-IV
Recent Advances in Pediatrics
Max. Marks:100 Time: 3 hrs

• Attempt ALL questions

• Answer each question & its parts in SEQUENTIAL ORDER
• ALL questions carry equal marks
• Illustrate your answer with SUITABLE DIAGRAMS

I Discuss the mechanism of action & therapeutic advantages of Doxophyllin

over aminophylline.

II Describe Recent advances in the investigation & treatment of Neonatal

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

III Tabulate the immunization schedule with dose and route of each vaccine for
children upto 18 years incorporating the recent IAP recommendations.

IV Enumerate the causes of short stature in children. Outline the changes in the
newly developed WHO growth standards.

V Enumerate the uses of zinc in children. Describe its mechanism of action and
advantages in acute diarrheal disease.

VI What is the basis of intermittent therapy in DOTS?

VII Outline the algorithm in management of septic shock.

VIII Enumerate the changes made in the updated PALS guidelines on Pediatric
resuscitation of AHA-2000.

IX Enumerate the stages of hepatic encephalopathy. Describe the recent

advances in its treatment.

X Describe the source, storage & indication for stem cell transplant.

PG Curriculum M.D. Paediatrics