HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF INTAKE

IS 9761 : 1995

DATA
Design Discharge 57.85 m3/s
Provision of Desilting Chamber after intake YES
Overload for Power Generation 10 %
Discharge for Slit flushing 15 %
Discharge with overload 72.31 m3/s
Diameter of the tunnel 5.6 m
Angle of Transition 0° 0 radians
Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 3144.00 m
Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) 3144.00 m
Tail Water Level (TWL) 3093.00 m
Head level HIGH
Coefficient of Contraction 0.6
Shape of tunnel Horse shoe
Nature of opening With transition

CALCULATION
Area of the Tunnel 26.01 m2
Velocity through the tunnel 2.78 m/s
Tunnel area 26.01 m2
Opening area 43.34 m2
Height of the opening
h1 4.430 m
h2 4.430 m
Total height of opening (h1+h2) h e 8.86 m 2.66
Width of the Opening [(b1+be+b2)/he] 4.89 m
Therefor provide Opening at Entrance 5m 1.857632

The height of the Dia is maintained same at the transition and tunnel so the height is fixed as
5.6m. This also helps in maintaining velocity through tunnel.

Height at the transition or at gate 5.6 m

Widht at rectangular portion be 4.64 m
Therefore provide the Width of the gate 4.65 m
Velocity at the transition 2.78 m/s

Width of the bellmounth along the section a1 6.16 m

Height of the bellmounth along the section b1 1.63 m
Length of the bellmounth along the plan a2 2.55 m
Width of the bellmounth along the plan b2 1.00 m
 Froudes number (V/√gD) 0.375 >= (1/3)
Submergence depth 7.00 m
Centre Line of Intake 3137.00 m
Provide Centre line of Intake 3136.75 m
Conduict Invert level 3133.95 m

RESULT 2 2 7.000
1 Ellipse equation
At section X2 Y2 6.000
+ =1
6.16 1.63
(1.1D)2 (0.291D)2 5.000
2 2

At plan 4.000
X
2
Y
2
+ =1
2.55 1.00 3.000
(0.55be)2 (0.2143be)2
2.000
2 Conduict Invert level 3133.95 m
3 Submergence depth 7.00 m 1.000
4 Total width of opening at Entrance 6.99 m
5 Total height of opening at Entrance 8.86 m 0.000
0.0 0.1

Air vent pipe

Discharge (assumed to be 21% to 22%) Q 15.91
Factor of safety S 4
t 0.01
c 0.65
0.86 m2
1.05 m
IS 12804 : 1989

DATA
Size of gate (Width X height) = 4.65 X 5.60
Diametre of the conduit = 5.60 m
Coefficient of discharge = 0.815
Gate opening in percent = 80%
Maximum velocity of air = 40 m/s

FORMULA
Qa = β*Qw
Qw = C*G0*B*√2*g*H
= 0.03*(Fr-21)
1.06
β
CALCULATION
Gate opening above invert G0 = 4.48 m
Depth of vena contracta C*G 0 = 3.65 m
Head between engergy head eleveation H1 = 6.40 m
Discharge through Outlet gate Qw = 190.23 m3/s
Velocity at Vena Contracta Vr = 11.20 m/s
Froude number at Vena Contracta Fr = 1.87
Quantity of air req/water discharge (Qa/Qw) β = 0.0260
Quantity of air Qa = 4.94 m3/s
Area of air vent = 0.12 m2

RESULT
Diameter of Air vent pipe D = 0.40 m
 HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF INTAKE
IS 9761 : 1995

DATA
Design Discharge 8.68 m3/s
Provision of Desilting Chamber after intake NO
Overload for Power Generation 0%
Discharge for Slit flushing 0%
Discharge with overload 8.68 m3/s
Depth 1.4 m
Width 1.4 m
Angle of Transition 0° 0 radians
Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 1941.00 m
Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) 1937.50 m
Tail Water Level (TWL) 1900.00 m
Head level HIGH
Coefficient of Contraction 0.6
Nature of opening With transition

CALCULATION
Area of the Tunnel 1.96 m2
Velocity through the tunnel 4.43 m/s
Tunnel area 1.96 m2
Opening area 3.27 m2
Height of the opening
h1 1.107 m
h2 1.107 m
Total height of opening (h1+h2) h e 2.21 m 0.66
Width of the Opening [(b1+be+b2)/he] 1.47 m
Therefor provide Opening at Entrance 2m 0.56

The height of the Dia is maintained same at the transition and tunnel so the height is fixed as
1.4m. This also helps in maintaining velocity through tunnel.

Height at the transition or at gate 1.4 m

Widht at rectangular portion be 1.40 m
Therefore provide the Width of the gate 1.4 m
Velocity at the transition 4.43 m/s

Width of the bellmouth along the section a1 1.54 m

Height of the bellmouth along the section b1 0.41 m 1.80
Length of the bellmouth along the plan a2 0.77 m
Width of the bellmouth along the plan b2 0.30 m
 Froudes number (V/√gD) 1.195 >= (1/3)
Submergence depth 4.10 m
Centre Line of Intake 1933.40 m
Provide Centre line of Intake 1934.90 m
Conduict Invert level 1934.20 m

RESULT
1 Ellipse equation
At section X2 Y2
2 + 2 =1
1.54 0.41
(1.1D)2 (0.291D)2

At plan
X2 Y2
2 + 2 =1
0.77 0.30
(0.55be)2 (0.2143be)2

2 Conduict Invert level 1934.20 m

3 Submergence depth 4.10 m
4 Total width of opening at Entrance 2.00 m
5 Total height of opening at Entrance 2.21 m

Air vent pipe

Discharge (assumed to be 21% to 22%) Q 1.91
Factor of safety S 4
t 0.01
c 0.65
0.01 m2
0.13 m
IS 12804 : 1989

DATA
Size of gate (Width X height) = 1.40 X 1.40
Coefficient of discharge = 0.815
Gate opening in percent = 80%
Maximum velocity of air = 40 m/s

FORMULA
Qa = β*Qw
Qw = C*G0*B*√2*g*H
= 0.03*(Fr-21)
1.06
β
CALCULATION
Gate opening above invert G0 = 1.12 m
Depth of vena contracta C*G 0 = 0.91 m
Head between engergy head eleveation H 1
= 5.89 m
Discharge through Outlet gate Qw = 13.73 m3/s
Velocity at Vena Contracta Vr = 10.75 m/s
Froude number at Vena Contracta Fr = 3.59
Quantity of air req/water discharge (Qa/Qw) β = 0.0823
Quantity of air Qa = 1.13 m3/s
Area of air vent = 0.03 m2

RESULT
Diameter of Air vent pipe D = 0.19 m
1 Design Input:
Design Discharge, Q = 8.68 cumec
Provision of Desilting Chamber after intake = no
No. of Trash Rack = 1.00 no.
Discharge through each trash rack with overload = 8.68 cumec
Minimum Draw Down Level = 1937.50 m
Centre line of intake = 1934.90 m
Sill level of Trash Rack = 1933.20 m
No. of Trash Rack Bay = 1 no.
Clear Width (assumed) of each panel = 3m

2 Design Calculations:
a Trash Rack Arrangement:
Total width (clear) of all the panels of Trash Rack = 3m
Thickness of mid pier = 0m
No. of mid piers = 0 no.
Thickness of end pier = 1.5 m
Top of Intake = 1942.50 m
Top level of bell mouth opening = 1935.41 m
Sill level of trash rack provided = 1933.20 m
Height (vertical) of Trash Rack arrangement from top of Slab = 9.30 m 1.925
C/C (vertical) spacing of Horizontal Beams = 3m 0.75005
Depth of Beam = 0.3 m
Height (vertical) of Trash Rack from MDDL = 4.30 m
No of Beams (below MDDL) = 2.00 no.
Angle of Trash Rack with vertical = 13 deg
Actual Length (inclined length) of Trash Rack = 4.41 m
Net height of Trash Rack without beam = 3.81 m
Total width of Intake including end piers = 6.00 m

b Trash Rack Bars:

Area of Trash Rack arrangement = 11.44 sqm
Thickness of vertical steel bars = 10 mm
C/C spacing of vertical steel bars = 100 mm
Clear Spacing of vertical steel bars = 90 mm
Thickness of horizontal Girders = 50 mm
C/C spacing of horizontal Girders = 700 mm
Clear Spacing of horizontal Girders = 650 mm
Consider panel in Trash Rack = 1.000 X 1.000
Gross Area of Panel = 1.000 sqm
No. of 1m bars (vertical) required = 11.00
No. of 1m bars (horizontal) required = 2.00
Total Area of bars = 0.21 sqm
Net Area of Trash Rack for 1m X1m = 0.79 sqm
Total net area for whole Trash Rack = 9.04 sqm
c Velocity for different clogging condition:
a) Considering 50% clogging
Area for 50% clogging, Anet = 4.519 m2
Velocity based on clogging, V = 1.921 m/sec

b) Considering 25% clogging

Area for 25% clogging, Anet = 6.778 m2
Velocity based on clogging, V = 1.281 m/sec

c) Considering no clogging
Area for no clogging, Anet = 9.037 m2
Velocity based on no clogging, V = 0.960 m/sec

Trash rack loss

Thickness of bars = 10 mm
Clear spacing between bars = 90 mm
Velocity flow through trash rack = 0.66 m/s
Angle of bar inclination to Horizontal = 90
Shape factor = 1.67
= 1.534
` D W
Dia of the intake = 1.40 m 1.4
Design discharge = 8.68 m3/s
MDDL = 1937.50 m
Bootom profile = With transition

A. Design of Bell Mouth Opening and Transition

Bell mouth opening is designed to produce an acceleration similar to that found in ajet issunig from a sharp edged o
The surface is formed to a normal contraction curve and the tunnel is assumed to be the size of the orifice of the jet
maximum contraction.

According to IS 9761:1995

Required Opening Area at the Entrance of the intake is given by the following expression

Where,
Φ= Angle of inclination of tunnel = 0
central line to the horizontal
Cc= Coefficient of contraction = 0.6

Since, the pressure shaft is Horse shoe shaped

Area of the section = 0.8293xD2 = 1.96 sq.m
Required opening area = 3.27 sq.m

Geometry of the Opening

The Height and Width of the Power intake Opening can be calculated from the following expression
(Refer : IS 9761-1995 Clause 5.1.4)

Height of the Opening, He = H1+H2

Where,
H1 = Height of the Opening above the centre line of the Tunnel
H2 = Height of the Opening below the centre line of the Tunnel

Where,
D = Diameter of the tunnel
Φ = Angle of inclination of tunnel
central line to the horizontal
H1 = 1.11 m
 Where,
D = Diameter of the tunnel
Φ = Angle of inclination of tunnel
central line to the horizontal
H2 = 1.11 m

He = H1+H2
= 2.22 m

Diameter of the tunnel, D = 1.40 m

Width of the transition = 2.00 m
In order to maintain same area of rectangular section of gates at the transition to that of the Horse shoe section of tu
Width of the transition, be = 1.40 m
Provided Width of Transition, be = 1.40 m

Geometry of Bellmouth Entrance in Roof, Floor and Side Flares

The inlet should be streamlined to minimise the losses. The profile of roof and floor should approximate to that of a j
the horizontal slot. The profile is generally ellipse and expressed by the following equation.
IS : 9761-1995 Clause 5.1.5 )

X2 Y2
+ =1
(1.1D)2 (0.291D)2

Where,
D = Diameter of the pressure shaft
= 1.4 m
(1.1D) =
2
2.37 sq.m
(0.291D) =
2
0.17 sq.m

Hence,
1.1D = 1.54 m
0.291D = 0.41 m

Therefore the equation of Entrance profile for the Roof and floor will be,

X2 Y2
+ =1
1.542 0.412

Details of side flaring entry in plan,

X2 Y2
+ =1
(0.55be)2 (0.2143be)2
 Where,
be = Width of the transition
= 1.40 m
(0.55be) =
2
0.59 sq.m
(0.2143be) =
2
0.09 sq.m

Hence,
0.55be = 0.77 m
0.2143be = 0.30 m

Therefore the equation of Entrance profile for the side flare will be,

X2 Y2
+ =1
0.772 0.302

Width of the Intake at entrance = [be+2(0.2143be)]

= 2.00 m

Provided Area at entrance of Intake = 4.44 sq.m

from a sharp edged orifice.
of the orifice of the jet at its

of the Tunnel
f the Tunnel
orse shoe section of tunnel.

proximate to that of a jet from

(Refer
 BR WL 1941
W 1 BR bed level 1934.2
D 1.25 Head 6.8
Trench weir BL 1934
N 0.014 BR WL 1941
R 0.357143 Slope BR bed level 1937.5
S 0.037037 1 27 Head 3.5
v 6.92 Hori Dist Req 5.4 Trench weir BL 1934

Q 8.65 Free flow

Cd 0.62 H/D 5.44 > 1.5

h 6.175
A 1.25
g 9.81

Q 8.53 Pressurized flow

Cd 0.62
H2 6.8
H1 5.55 6.175
b 1
A 1.25
g 9.81
Q 8.53
Q 8.53
 W D BR WL 1937.5 1937.5
W 1.5 1.5 1.3 BR bed level 1934.2 1934.2
D 1.3 1.5 1 Head 3.3 3.3
1.5 0.7 Trench weir BL 1934 1934
1.5 0.4
1.5 0.1 Slope
1 96
N 0.014
R 0.47561 0.47561 0.428571 0.362069 0.26087 0.0882352941
S 0.010417
v 4.44 4.441914 4.143988 3.703371 2.976359 1.4448782033
Free flow
Q 8.66 8.661733 8.080777 7.221573 5.8039 2.8175124965 H/D 2.54

2.65
Cd 0.55
H2 3.3
H1 2h
b 1.5
A 1.95
g 9.81
Q 7.71
Q 7.73 Pressurized flow
 BR WL 1941
W 1.2 BR bed lev 1937.5
D 2.3 Head 3.5
Trench wei 1934 1937.4
N 0.014
R 0.475862 Slope
Hori Dist Req 19.2 S 0.006667 1 150 Hori Dist R
v 3.55

Q 9.81 Free flow

> 1.5 Cd 0.55 H/D 1.521739 >

h 2.35
A 2.76
g 9.81

Q 10.31 Pressurized flow

20-Jan 28-Oct 281

9-Jun
 15

1.5
 W D BR WL 1941
W 1.5 1.5 1.5 BR bed level 1937.5
D 1.5 1.5 1.2 Head 3.5
1.5 0.9 Trench weir BL 1934
1.5 0.6
1.5 0.3 Slope
1 130
N 0.014
R 0.5 0.5 0.461538 0.409091 0.333333 0.2142857143
S 0.007692
v 3.95 3.946514 3.741441 3.45234 3.011754 2.2433434475
Free flow
Q 8.88 8.879656 6.734594 4.660658 2.710578 1.0095045514 H/D 2.33

Cd 0.55
H2 3.5
H1 2h 2.75
b 1.5
A 2.25
g 9.81 25200
Q 9.06
Q 9.09 Pressurized flow
 1941 BR WL 1941
1937.5 W 1.5 BR bed lev 1937.5
3.5 D 1.5 Head 3.5
1937.433 Trench wei 1937.4
N 0.014
R 0.5 Slope
Hori Dist Req 8.71 S 0.007692 1 130 Hori Dist R
v 3.95

Q 8.88 Free flow

> 1.5 Cd 0.55 H/D 2.333333 >

h 2.75
A 2.25
g 9.81

Q 9.09 Pressurized flow

 13

1.5
 Sorang HEP
Computation of Discharge Capacity considering 1Nos. of Opening of size 3.5m (W) X 0.4m (H).
Water Level   Crest             Water Head   
Bottom Level   Water level  MWL            Design Head  Approach     No. of 
S.N.           (In                 over the crest  D D/2 Hc H/Hd Cb L
of Breast wall in Reservoir (In Metres) (Hd)    level Openings
Metres) Elevation (H)

1 1941.00 1934.00 1934.40 1941.00 1941.00 5.95 7.00 1934.00 0.40 0.20 6.80 1.18 0.810 1 3.50

2 1940.50 1934.00 1934.40 1940.50 1940.50 5.53 6.50 1935.00 0.40 0.20 6.30 1.18 0.810 1 3.50

3 1940.00 1934.00 1934.40 1940.00 1940.00 5.10 6.00 1936.00 0.40 0.20 5.80 1.18 0.810 1 3.50

4 1939.50 1934.00 1934.40 1939.50 1939.50 4.68 5.50 1937.00 0.40 0.20 5.30 1.18 0.810 1 3.50

5 1939.00 1934.00 1934.40 1939.00 1939.00 4.25 5.00 1938.00 0.40 0.20 4.80 1.18 0.810 1 3.50

6 1938.50 1934.00 1934.40 1938.50 1938.50 3.83 4.50 1939.00 0.40 0.20 4.30 1.18 0.810 1 3.50

7 1938.00 1934.00 1934.40 1938.00 1938.00 3.40 4.00 1940.00 0.40 0.20 3.80 1.18 0.810 1 3.50

8 1937.50 1934.00 1934.40 1937.50 1937.50 2.98 3.50 1941.00 0.40 0.20 3.30 1.18 0.810 1 3.50

  Note:­ 1.  Value of "C b" has been taken from BIS Code IS:6934­1998 and the approach velocity is considered negligible.
Where, L = Total length of crest.
3.3 0.6
Sorang HEP

Discharge (In m3 / sec.)                                   Q = 
Cb X LXD {2g (HC + Va2/2g)}0.5    

13.10

12.61

12.10

11.57

11.01

10.42

9.79

9.13

 considered negligible.

OK
 Alternative - 1
Coeffcient of Discharge 0.62
Mannings Constant, N 0.014
g 9.81
Trench weir Bed Level 1934 Q = Cd * A * √2gh
FRL 1941
Pressurized Flow
Width Depth,D BR WL BR Bed Level Head Velocity* Discharge
1.4 1.4 1941.0 1934.2 6.1 10.94 13.29
1.4 1.4 1940.8 1934.2 5.9 10.76 13.07
1.4 1.4 1940.6 1934.2 5.7 10.58 12.85
1.4 1.4 1940.4 1934.2 5.5 10.39 12.62
1.4 1.4 1940.2 1934.2 5.3 10.20 12.39
1.4 1.4 1940.0 1934.2 5.1 10.00 12.16
1.4 1.4 1939.8 1934.2 4.9 9.80 11.92
1.4 1.4 1939.6 1934.2 4.7 9.60 11.67
1.4 1.4 1939.4 1934.2 4.5 9.40 11.42
1.4 1.4 1939.2 1934.2 4.3 9.19 11.16
1.4 1.4 1939.0 1934.2 4.1 8.97 10.90
1.4 1.4 1938.8 1934.2 3.9 8.75 10.63
1.4 1.4 1938.6 1934.2 3.7 8.52 10.35
1.4 1.4 1938.4 1934.2 3.5 8.29 10.07
1.4 1.4 1938.2 1934.2 3.3 8.05 9.78
1.4 1.4 1938.0 1934.2 3.1 7.80 9.48
1.4 1.4 1937.8 1934.2 2.9 7.54 9.17
1.4 1.4 1937.5 1934.2 2.6 7.14 8.68
*High velocity in the range of 7 m/s to 11 m/s

14.00

13.00

12.00
Discharge (cumecs)

11.00

10.00

9.00

8.00
1937.0 1937.5 1938.0 1938.5 1939.0 1939.5 1940.0 1940.5 1941.0 1941.5
BR Water Level EL. (m)
 Free Flow
H/D>1.5 R Slope S v Discharge Hori Dist Req
4.36 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
4.21 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
4.07 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
3.93 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
3.79 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
3.64 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
3.50 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
3.36 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
3.21 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
3.07 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
2.93 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
2.79 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
2.64 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
2.50 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
2.36 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
2.21 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
2.07 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
1.86 0.467 1 50 0.02 6.08 11.91 10
m/s
W D H/D
1.4 2 1941 1937.5 2.5 7.00 12.16 1.25
Hori Dist Req
 Alternative - 1
Coeffcient of Discharge 0.62
Mannings Constant, N 0.014
g 9.81
Trench weir Bed Level 1934 Q = Cd * A * √2gh
FRL 1941
Free Flow
Width Depth,D BR Bed Level R Slope S
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 200 0.005
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
1.5 1.8 1934.2 0.529 1 50 0.02
 v Discharge H/D<1.5
3.31 8.92 1.44
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85
6.61 17.85