University of Western Australia Harvard Reference Style Examples

Contents

Books
eBooks
Journal Articles
Harvard Business School Case Study
Websites or Online
Cases and Legislation
Company Information
Conference Papers and Proceedings
Newspapers
Audiovisual and Music
Standards and Patents
Course Materials Online (CMO)
Lecture Notes
Theses
Tables and Figures
Personal Communication
Citing information someone else has cited

1
In-text citations

Two or more works cited at one point in the text

If two or more works by different authors or authoring bodies are cited at one point in the text, use a semi-colon to separate them:

(Larson 2000; Malinowski 1999)

The authors should be listed in alphabetical order.

Two or three authors of authoring bodies

When citing a work by two or three authors or authoring bodies, cite the names in the order in which they appear on the title page:

(Malinowski, Miller & Gupta 1995)

Block quotations

If you are quoting a long piece of text (more than 30 words), the actual quote should be in slightly smaller font and indente d from the left hand margin to distinguish it
from the surrounding text. For example –

It was stated that:

If any similar qualitative research is to be undertaken in the future, then stringent controls should be put in place to ensu re such statistical anomalies do not occur
through lack of methodological rigor, particularly through corruption of data inadequately stored and processes (Mullane 2006, p. 66).

In-text and reference list examples

Please note: EndNote X7 Instructions only for use with the Style File: uwa_harvard_2016

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Books

The standard reference format for a book is:

Author(s) family name, Initial(s) Year of publication, Title, Publisher, Place of publication.

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Examples EndNote (Harvard – Business 2016)
Book: single author (Holt 1997) or Holt (1997) wrote Holt, DH 1997, Management principles and practices, Reference type: Book
that… Prentice-Hall, Sydney.
Book: 2 or 3 authors (McCarthy, William & Pascale 1997) McCarthey, EJ, William, DP & Pascale, GQ 1997, Basic Reference Type: Book Enter all authors in the
marketing, Irwin, Sydney. Author field. Each one on a separate line:
Family name, I O (Initials with spaces or
periods after each.
Add title and other details the same as for a
single author book.
Book: more than 3 (Bond et al. 1996) Bond, WR, Smith, JT, Brown, KL & George, M 1996, Reference Type: Book - As above. Enter all
authors Management of small firms, McGraw-Hill, authors in the Author field. Each one on a
Sydney. separate line. EndNote will automatically limit
to3 and will insert et al in the in-text citation.
Add title and other details the same as for a
single author book.
Book: no author (A history of Greece 1994) A history of Greece 1994, Irwin, Sydney.
Book: editor (Jones 1998) Jones, MD (ed) 1998, Management in Australia, Reference Type: Edited Book
Academic Press, London.
Book: 2 or more editors (Bullinger & Warnecke 1985) Bullinger, HJ & Warnecke HJ (eds) 1985, Toward the Reference Type: Edited Book
factory of the future, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. As above, each editor on a different line
Book: organisation as (Australian Bureau of Agriculture Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Reference type: Book
author and Resource Economics 2001) Economics 2001, Aquaculture developments Organisation is author, add comma after the
in Australia: a review of key economic issues, Organisation name
ABARE, Canberra.

Book: chapter or article ‘A number of disturbing facts Milkman, R 1998 ‘The new American workplace: High Reference type: Book section
in edited book intrude’ (Milkman 1998, p. 25) road or low road?” in P Thompson & C
Warhurst, (eds), Workplaces of the future,
pp. 22-34. Macmillan Press, London.
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 In the Author field enter the author of the
chapter /section.
Use the Title field for the title of the section
or part.
In the Editor field enter details of the
editor(s) of the whole book.
Use the Book Title field for the title of the
whole book.
In Pages write the page nos of the
chapter/section.
Book: edition other (Drafke 2009) Drafke, M 2009, The human side of organizations, 10th Reference type: Book
nd rd th
than first edn, Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle In the Edition field write 2 , 3 , 4 etc. as
River, New Jersey. appropriate.

Book: different works (Bond 1991a) (Bond 1991b) Bond, G 1991a, Business ethics, McGraw-Hill, Sydney.
by same author in same Bond, G 1991b, Corporate governance, Irwin, London.
year
Dictionary or The Macquarie dictionary (2010) Do not include in reference list.
Encyclopedia defines it as…

eBook
Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
eBook (Drucker 2012) Drucker, P 2012, Managing the non-profit organization, Reference type: Electronic Book
Routledge, London. Available from: Ebook Enter date in ‘Access date’ field and Database
Library. [29 September 2015]. name in Available from: field
eBook: chapter or ‘Historical thinking is actually a White, H 2002, ‘The westernization of world history’ in J Reference type: Electronic Book section.
article in an edited Western perspective’ (White Rüsen (ed) Western historical thinking: An As for book section / chapter above.
eBook 2002, p. 112) intercultural debate, pp. 111 – 119. Berghahn Enter date in ‘Access date’ field and Database
Books, New York. Available from: ACLS name in Available from: field
Humanities E-Book. [29 September 2015].
eBook: chapter (Birch 2013) Birch, T 2013, ‘The trouble with history’ in A Clark & P Reference type: Electronic Book
available on CMO Ashton, (eds), Australian history now, pp. Enter date in ‘date accessed’ field In Available
232-250. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney. from: field write The University of Western
Available from: The University of Western Australia Library Course materials Online
Australia Library Course Materials Online. [29
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 September 2015].
eBook: freely available (de Grosbois 2015) de Grosbois, T 2015, Mass influence: the habits of the highly Reference type: Electronic Book
online (with no place influential, Wildfire Workshops. Available
of publication) from: Enter date in ‘date accessed’ field and URL in
http://www.massinfluencethebook.com/. [27 URL field
January 2016].

If an eBook is “born digital” (it has only ever been published

online) and no place of publication can be located, only list
the publisher.

Journal articles

 When citing journal articles with multiple authors, follow the same format for the author field as for books with multiple authors.

 Take care when citing that you indicate which is the title of the "article" and which is the title of the Journal.

 Citations for online journals must have the access date and details of the database in which the journal appears onl ine. [Note: Databases are 'bundles' of journals
and a journal article found online will often be in a journal that is part of a bigger database.]

 When citing “born-digital” journal articles from an online journal (one that has never been produce in print form):
1. Do not include an issue or volume number (unless they are present)
2. For direct quotations, include a paragraph number in the place of page numbers in in-text references, using the abbreviation ‘para’. Count paragraphs if
numbers are not visible, and for long articles use section headings to break up the paragraph numbering. Enclose the section headings in single quotation
marks within the in-text reference (e.g. ‘Introduction’, para. 3).

 When citing online journals that have a volume and/or issue number, follow the format for a Journal Article from an Electronic Database, substituting the
database name for the URL of the article.

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example

Journal article: (Jennings 1997) Jennings, P 1997, ‘The performance and competitive advantage of Reference Type: Journal article
available on CMO small firms: a management perspective’, International Enter date in ‘date accessed’ field In
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 Small Business Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 63-75. Available from: field write The
Available from: The University of Western Australia University of Western Australia Library
Library Course Materials Online. [1 September 2004]. Course materials Online
Journal article: print (Conley & Galeson 1998) Conley, TG & Galeson, DW 1998, ‘Nativity and wealth in mid-
nineteenth century cities’, Journal of Economic History,
vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 468-493.
Journal article: (Liveris 2011) Liveris, A 2011, ‘Ethics as a strategy’, Leadership Excellence, vol. 28, Reference Type: Journal article
electronic database no. 2, pp. 17-18. Available from: ProQuest. [13 October Enter date in ‘date accessed’ field In
2015]. Available from: field write Name of
Database
Journal article: online “Over a dozen writers applied Bustamante, C 2014, ‘Libraries welcome writers in residence’, Reference Type: Journal article
only journal (no before the August 31 deadline” Library Journal. Available from: Leave Volume, Issue and Pages blank,
volume & issue (Bustamante 2014, ‘Public http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2014/09/industry- enter URL and Access date.
numbers) library of Cincinnati’, para. 4). news/libraries-welcome-writers-in-residence/. [29
September 2014].
Journal article: online (Segon & Booth 2011) Segon, M & Booth, C 2011, ‘Bribery: what do Australian managers Reference Type: Journal article
only journal (volume know and what do they do?’, Journal of Business Enter Volume, Issue and Pages, enter
& issue number Systems, Governance and Ethics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 15- URL and Access date
available) 29. Available from:
http://jbsge.vu.edu.au/article/view/206. [20 October
2014].

Harvard Business School Case Study

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
Harvard Business (Rivkin, Thomke & Rivkin, JW, Thomke, SH & Beyersdorfer, D 2013, LEGO (A): the crisis, Reference type: Web page
School Case Study: Beyersdorfer 2013) HBS No. 9-713-478, Harvard Business School Add authors as per book. Include Title
retrieved from LMS Publications, Boston. Available from: The University of and HBS number in Title field, in the
Western Australia Learning Management System. [29 URL field add: The University of
September 2015]. Western Australia Learning
Management System

Websites or Online
Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
Website (University Library 2015) University Library 2016, University Library Home page, 26 February 2016, Reference type: Web page

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 The University of Western Australia. Available from: Author is the person or entity
http://www.library.uwa.edu.au. [31 March 2016]. responsible for the page.
Title is the University Library Home
When referencing a website, include the following: page
 Author – the person or organisation responsible for the site
 Site date – the year the site was created or last revised
 Name of the sponsor of the source
 URL
 Date of viewing the source
Webpage (Weida & Stolley 2013) Weida, S & Stolley, K 2013, Developing strong thesis statements. Reference type: Web page
Available from: When referencing a webpage within a
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/588/1/. [13 website, including the following:
October 2015].  Author - the person or
organisation responsible for
the site
 Site date - the year the site
was created or last revised
 Title of the webpage
 Name of the sponsor of the
source (if applicable)
 URL
Access Date of viewing the source
Webpage: no date (Apprentice Support Apprentice Support Australia n.d., What is an apprenticeship. Reference type: Web page
Australia n.d.) Available from: Write n.d. (for no date) in the Year
http://www.apprenticeshipsupport.com.au/Employers/ field
What-is-an-apprenticeship. [20 October 2015].

Document from a (Department of the Premier Department of the Premier and Cabinet 2009, Pandemic planning in Reference type: Web page
webpage and Cabinet 2009) the workforce, Queensland Government. Available from:
https://www.health.qld.gov.au/flu/documents/Fact-
sheet-3_Qkit-infrastructure.pdf. [13 October 2015].

To avoid very long URLs, it is acceptable to give the home page for a
website rather than the exact URL of the page you are referencing as
long as the website has a search facility.

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Blog (Mercoulia 2015) Mercoulia, P 2015, ‘A glimpse into coal’s future’, Greenpeace Australia Reference type: Blog
Pacific Blog, blog post, 15 June. Available from: Enter Author, Year, Title of entry and
http://www.greenpeace.org.au/blog/a-glimpse-into- Title of Weblog. In Type of medium
coals-future/. [13 October 2015]. enter blog post, date month. Enter
URL and access date
Computer software (Thomson Reuters 2014) Thomson Reuters 2014, EndNote X7.2.1, software program, Thomson Reference type: Computer
Reuters, New York. programme

Image with no known (Nefertari with Isis n.d.) Nefertari with Isis n.d., image. Available from: Reference type: Web page
creator or date http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ankh_isis_nefertari.jpg. For author enter title of image,
[13 October 2015]. For type of medium enter image
Image with known (Colli 2009) Colli, MG 2009, Bilbao_6 Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, image. Reference type: Artwork
creator available via the Available from: Enter creator in Author field
web http://www.flickr.com/photos/52355315@N08/5757476 Image in Type of work field
385/. [13 October 2015].
Podcast (Crawford 2009) Crawford, M 2009, Shop class as soulcraft, audio podcast, Future Reference type: Podcast
Tense, Radio National, ABC Radio, Sydney, 5 November. Type of work is audio podcast
Available from: Enter audio podcast in the Type field
http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/futurete
nse/shop-class-as-soulcraft/3098308. [9 March 2016].

Wiki (‘Internet entrepreneur’ Internet entrepreneur 2012, Wikiversity, wiki, 6 January 2016. Available Reference type: Web page
2012) from: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Internet_entrepreneur.
[31 March 2016].

As wikis usually feature user generated content there is usually no

named author. Cite the title of the Wiki article and date of last
revision.

Facebook (UWA Library 2015) UWA Library 2015, Special collections in the Reid Library, Facebook Reference type: Web page
post, 14 April. Available from: Last update date is date Month,
https://www.facebook.com/UWALibrary. [22 October Enter Facebook post in Type of
2015]. Medium
Twitter (Gillard 2014) Gillard, J [JuliaGillard] 2014, ‘Stella Young was a shining light for care Reference type: Blog
and action on disabilities. We mourn her passing and Enter Twitter post, date Month in the
rededicate ourselves to her spirit. JG’, Twitter post, 7 Type of Medium field
December. Available from:

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 http://twitter.com/JuliaGillard. [22 October 2015].
YouTube (TED Talks 2013) TED Talks 2013, Ken Robinson: how to escape education’s death valley, Reference type: Web page
YouTube video, 10 May. Available from: Enter You Tube video in Type of
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wX78iKhInsc. [22 Medium field and Enter date in Last
October 2015]. Update Field
MOOCs video (Austin 2015) Austin, R 2015, Strategic management, Copenhagen Business School Reference type: Web page
Coursera MOOC, 15 February – 21 March. Available from: Enter MOOC Publisher and dates in the
https://www.coursera.org/learn/strategic-management. Publisher field
[8 February 2015].

Cases and Legislation

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
Cases (R v Tang (2008) 237 CLR 1) R v Tang (2008) CLR 1. Reference type: Case
In text citation must be entered
manually into your document text. E.g.
The case of R v Tang (2008) CLR 1. Set
an important precedent…
Acts of Parliament (Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) s 3) Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Reference type: Legal rule or
regulation
In the Author field write the name of
the Act and relevant section, followed
by a comma. In the title field put just
the name of the Act.
Delegated Legislation Police Regulations 2003 (Vic) r6 Enter the title of the regulations
manually in your text, using the
abbreviation r or rr. They do not need
to be part of your reference list.
Bills (Corporations Amendment Bill (No Corporations Amendment Bill (No 1) 2005 (Cth). Reference type: Bill
1) 2005 (Cth)) Note that Bill titles are not italicised
because they are ‘unpublished’
materials.

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Company Information
Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
Company report (National Australia Bank Ltd National Australia Bank Limited 2015, NAB - 2015 Annual Reference type: Report
2015) Financial Report, 16 November 2015. Available from: The report is produced by the NAB (author)
DatAnalysis Premium. [24 March 2016]. and is made available via the DatAnalysis
Premium database.
Company profile (IBISWorld 2014) IBISWorld 2014, Mrs Mac's Pty Ltd: Limited Profile Report. Reference type: Report
Available from: IBISWorld. [29 March 2016]. The report is a profile of Mrs Mac’s Pty Ltd
by IBISWorld. (No author is listed). Mrs
Mac’s is a private company so the report is
a limited profile.
Market research (Euromonitor International 2015) Euromonitor International 2015, Biscuits and Snack Bars in Reference type: Report
reports Argentina: Category Briefing, 12 Oct 2015. Available
from: Passport. [29 March 2016].
Industry profile (Richardson 2015) Richardson, A 2015, IBISWorld Industry Report C1173: Biscuit Reference type: Report
manufacturing in Australia. Available from: IBISWorld.
[29 March 2016].

Note: if no author is listed, list the database provider as the

author.
Financial data (S&P/ASX200 2009) S&P/ASX200 2009, S&PASX daily index data 2000-2009. Available Reference type: Dataset(s)
from: Datastream. [20 May 2010]. Enter creators of data in Investigators.
If data is from a Database enter its name in
name of Database, if from a Web page
enter the URL in the URL field.

ABS datasets (Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012, Australian demographic Reference type: Choose Dataset(s). Author
2012) statistics 2012, cat. no. 3101.0, ABS, Canberra. Available is Australian Bureau of Statistics but this can
from: http://www.abs.gov.au. [26 October 2012]. be manually edited to ABS for in text
citations. Add catalogue number in the
Study Number field – cat. no. xxxx.
Unpublished (Rio Tinto 2015) Rio Tinto 2015, Occupational health and safety overview, Reference type: Unpublished work.
PowerPoint PowerPoint presentation, Rio Tinto.
presentation
Note that the title is not in italics as the ‘work’ was not published.
As the reader will not be able to locate the PowerPoint online, you
should attach it as an appendix item. Ensure you have permission
10
 to do this first!

Conference Papers & Proceedings

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
Conference proceeding (Bird & Smart 2010) Bird, R & Smart, M 2010, ‘Assigning state taxes in a federal Reference type: Conference Paper
paper: print country: the case of Australia’, Melbourne Institute –
Australia’s future tax and transfer policy conference:
proceedings of a conference, Melbourne Institute of
Applied Economic and Social Research, Melbourne, pp.
72-94.
Conference proceeding (Fan, Gordon & Pathak 2000) Fan, W, Gordon, MD & Pathak, R 2000, ‘Personalization of search Reference type: Conference Paper
paper: electronic engine services for effective retrieval and knowledge
management’, Proceedings of the twenty-first
international conference on information systems, pp.
20-34. Available from: ACM Portal: ACM Digital Library.
[24 June 2004].
Conference proceeding (Bowden & Fairley 1996) Bowden, FJ & Fairley, CK 1996, ‘Endemic STDs in the Northern Reference type: Conference Paper
paper: unpublished Territory: estimations of effective rates of partner
exchange’, paper presented to the Scientific Meeting of
the Royal Australian College of Physicians, Darwin, 24-
25 June.

Newspapers
Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
Newspaper: print (Devlin 2011) Devlin, M 2011, 'Keys found to success by the less privileged', Reference type: Newspaper Article
The Australian, 16 November, p. 32.
Newspaper: electronic (Garvey 2015) Garvey, P 2015, ‘Investors sue after contract problems’, The Reference type: Newspaper Article
database Australian, 10 November, p. 20. Available from: Factiva.
[10 November 2015].
Newspaper: from (Reed 2015) Reed, S 2015, ‘Shift to lower-carbon energy is too slow, report Reference type: Newspaper Article
website warns’, New York Times, 9 November. Available from:
www.nytimes.com. [10 November 2015].

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Newspaper: no author (‘Foreign cyber-spies’ 2009) ‘Foreign cyber-spies’ 2009, Sydney Morning Herald, 24 Reference type: Newspaper Article
November, p. 7.

Audiovisual and Music

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
DVD recording (Art Nation 2010) Art Nation 2010, DVD recording, Australian Broadcasting Reference type: Audio-visual Material
Corporation, Sydney. Note: If the creator is not known the in-text
information can be manually added or
incorporated into the body of your writing.

Television programme (Immigration nation : the secret Immigration nation: the secret life of us 2011, television Reference type: Audio-visual Material
life of us 2011) program, SBS, Sydney, 28 January. Note as for DVD recording

Interview on radio or Tony Abbott defended the Woodley, N 2014, The world today, radio program, ABC News, Reference type: Audio-visual Material
radio program government’s approach to key Sydney, 8 December. Note here the creator is known.
budget measures (Woodley
2014).

Standards & Patents

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Examples
Patent (Cookson 1985) Cookson, AH 1985, Particle trap for compressed gas insulated Reference type: Patent
transmission systems, US Patent 4554399.

Standard: retrieved (Standards Australia 2008) Standards Australia 2008, Personal flotation devices – general Reference type: Standard
from database requirements, AS 4758.1-2008. Available from:
Australian Standards. [1 December 2008].
Standard: published (Standards Australia 1994) Standards Australia 1994, Information processing – text and Reference type: standard
office systems – office document architecture (ODA) and

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 interchange format: part 10: formal specifications,
AS/NZS 3951.10:1994, Standards Australia, NSW.

Course Materials Online (CMO)

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Examples
Journal article: (Jennings 1997) Jennings, P 1997, ‘The performance and competitive advantage Reference Type: Journal article
available on CMO of small firms: a management perspective’, Enter date in ‘date accessed’ field In Available
International Small Business Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. from: field write The University of Western
63-75. Available from: The University of Western Australia Library Course materials Online
Australia Library Course Materials Online. [1 September
2015].
eBook: chapter (Birch 2013) Birch, T 2013, ‘The trouble with history’ in Australian history Reference type: Electronic Book Section
available on CMO now, eds A Clark & P Ashton, NewSouth Publishing, Enter date in ‘date accessed’ field In Available
Sydney, pp. 232-250. Available from: The University of from: field write The University of Western
Western Australia Library Course Materials Online. [29 Australia Library Course materials Online
September 2015].

Lecture Notes
Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Examples
Lecture notes (Foster 2004) Foster, T 2004, Balance sheets, lecture notes distributed in Reference type: Unpublished work
Financial Accounting 101. Available from: Fields: Author, Year,
http://www.lms.uwa.edu.au. Title, Type of Medium (lecture notes
distributed in Financial Accounting 101),
Note that the title is not in italics as the ‘work’ was not published. URL http://www.lms.uwa.edu.au.

Course reader (Graber 2007) Graber, D 1997, 'Elections in the television age', Mass media and Reference type: Book section
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 American politics, pp. 228-345. CQ Press, Washington DC. Add details of course reader to the Name of
Available from: COMM2001 Communication and Mass Database field.
Media Course Reader, Semester 2, 2012, University of
Western Australia.
PowerPoint (Smith 2015) Smith, M 2015, Management 101, PowerPoint presentation, Reference type: Web Page
presentation MGMT1234: Foundations of Management, The Fields: Author, Year,
University of Western Australia. Available from: Title, Publisher, Access Date,
http://www.lms.uwa.edu.au. [20 October 2015]. Type of Medium (PowerPoint presentation,
MGMT1234: Foundations of Management)
URL (http://www.lms.uwa.edu.au)

Theses
Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
Thesis: unpublished (Hos 2005) Hos, JP 2005, Mechanochemically synthesized nanomaterials for Reference type: Unpublished work
intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell
membranes, Ph.D thesis, University of Western Australia.

Thesis: published (May 2007) May, B 2007, A survey of radical velocities in the zodiacal dust Reference type: Thesis
cloud, PhD thesis, Canopus Publishing, University of
Bristol.
Thesis: retrieved from (Cincura 2012) Cincura, M 2012, Beyond profit-centric: transcendent business Reference type: Thesis
database modelling, Ph.D. thesis, Swinburne University of
Technology. Available from: Trove. [12 August 2013]. If you accessed the thesis online you can add
in the date you viewed it and the URL or
name of Database as appropriate.

Tables and Figures

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example
All or part of a table, Note. From [or The data in Ackerman, D & Stein ED 2008. ‘Evaluating the effectiveness of Reference type: Journal Article
figure, or data used in column # are from] best management practices using dynamic modelling’,
14
text: from a print ‘Evaluating the effectiveness of Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 134, no. 8,
journal best management practices using pp. 629-639.
dynamic modelling’ (Ackerman &
Stein 2008, p. 634) Add in-text citation to the text of the illustration’s caption.
All or part of a table, Note. From [or The data in Assael, M 1998, Thermophysical properties of fluids, Imperial Reference type: Book
figure or data used text: column # are from] College Press, London.
from a book Thermophysical properties of
fluids p. 113 (Assael 1998, p. 70) Add in-text citation to the text of the illustration’s caption.
All or part of a table, Note. From [or The data in Australian Bureau of Statistics 2009, International merchandise Reference type: Choose Dataset(s). Author is
figure or data used in column # are from] International imports Australia, January 2009 cat. no. 5439.0. Australian Bureau of Statistics but this can be
text: from the web merchandise imports Australia, Available from: manually edited to ABS for in text citations.
January 2009 (ABS 2009) http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/5439.0? Add catalogue number in the Study Number
OpenDocument>. [6 March 2014]. field – cat. no. xxxx.

Add in-text citation to the text of the illustration’s caption.

Personal communication
Material Type In-Text Example
Telephone call, If the information you are referencing was obtained by a personal communication such as a telephone call, interview or email, this should be
interview, e-mail, etc. documented in the text and not added to the reference list. If desired you can add the abbreviation pers.comm. to the reference.

When interviewed on 6 June 2008, Mr Ward confirmed…

(Mrs S Byrne 2012, pers.comm., 6 June)

Citing information someone else has cited

Material Type In-Text example Reference List Example
Citing information that (O’Reilly, cited in Byrne 2008) Byrne, A 2008, ‘Web 2.0 strategies in libraries and information
someone else has cited services’, The Australian Library Journal, vol. 57 no. 4,
pp. 365-376.

In the reference list provide the details of the author who has
done the citing.

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