UNIT 1

The Number MODULE

MODULE 1
Adding and

System Subtracting Integers

7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1b,
7.NS.1.1c, 7.NS.1.1d,
7.NS.1.3, 7.EE.2.3

MODULE
MODULE 2
Multiplying and
Dividing Integers
7.NS.1.2, 7.NS.1.2a,
7.NS.1.2c, 7.NS.1.2b,
7.NS.1.3, 7.EE.2.3

MODULE
MODULE 1
3
Rational Numbers
7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1a,
7.NS.1.1b, 7.NS.1.1c,
7.NS.1.1d, 7.NS.1.2,
7.NS.1.2a,
7.NS.1.2b, 7.NS.1.2c,
7.NS.1.2d, 7.NS.1.3,
7.EE.2.3

CAREERS IN MATH
Urban Planner An urban planner
creates plans for urban, suburban, and rural
communities and makes recommendations
about locations for infrastructure, such as
buildings, roads, and sewer and water pipes.
Urban planners perform cost-benefit analysis
of projects, use measurement and geometry
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

when they design the layout of infrastructure,

and use statistics and mathematical models
to predict the growth and future needs of a
population.
If you are interested in a career as an urban
planner, you should study these mathematical
subjects:
• Algebra
• Geometry
Unit 1 Performance Task • Trigonometry
• Statistics
At the end of the unit, check
out how urban planners Research other careers that require using
use math. measurement, geometry, and mathematical
modeling.

Unit 1 1
 UNIT 1

Vocabulary Preview
Use the puzzle to preview key vocabulary from this unit. Unscramble the circled
letters within found words to answer the riddle at the bottom of the page.

1. NIOARLTA
MURNEB

2. GREITEN

3. PIRGENAET
CMSEADIL

4. EADITIVD
SENEIRV

5. TIIRANGTNEM
SAELIDMC

1. Any number that can be written as a ratio of two integers. (Lesson 1.1)
2. A member of the set of whole numbers and their opposites. (Lesson 1.1)
3. Decimals in which one or more digits repeat infinitely. (Lesson 1.1)
4. The opposite of any number. (Lesson 1.3)
5. Decimals that have a finite number of digits. (Lesson 1.1)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Q: Why were the two fractions able to settle their differences peacefully?

A: They were both !

2 Vocabulary Preview
 Adding and
Subtracting Integers
MODULE

1
LESSON 1.1

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Adding Integers with
the Same Sign
How can you use addition
and subtraction of integers 7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1b,
to solve real-world 7.NS.1.1d
problems?
LESSON 1.2
Adding Integers with
Different Signs
7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1b

LESSON 1.3
Subtracting Integers
7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1c

LESSON 1.4
Applying Addition
and Subtraction of
Integers
7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1d,
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Peter Haigh/

7.NS.1.3, 7.EE.2.3

Real-World Video
Death Valley contains the lowest point in North America, elevation
Digital Vision/Getty Images

–282 feet. The top of Mt. McKinley, elevation 20,320 feet, is the
highest point in North America. To find the difference between
my.hrw.com these elevations, you can subtract integers.

my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.

3
 Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
Understand Integers my.hrw.com Intervention

EXAMPLE A diver descended 20 meters. Decide whether the integer is positive

or negative:
descended → negative
-20 Write the integer.

Write an integer to represent each situation.

1. an elevator ride 2. a $700 profit 3. 46 degrees 4. a gain of 12
down 27 stories below zero yards

Whole Number Operations

3 15
EXAMPLE 245 - 28 24 5 Think:
- 28 8>5
__
Regroup 1 ten as 10 ones.
217
245 - 28 = 217 1 ten + 5 ones = 15 ones
Subtract: 15 - 8 = 7

Find the sum or difference.

5. 183 6. 677 7. 1,188 8. 2,647

+
_ 78 -288
_ +
__  902 -1,885
__

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Locate Points on a Number Line
EXAMPLE Graph +2 by starting at 0 and
-5 0 5 counting 2 units to the right.
Graph -5 by starting at 0 and
counting 5 units to the left.

Graph each number on the number line.

9. 7 10. -4 11. -9 12. 4

-10 -5 0 5 10

4 Unit 1
 Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary difference (diferencia)
integers (enteros)
Use the ✔ words to fill in the ovals on the graphic. You may ✔ negative number (número
put more than one word in each oval. negativo)
✔ opposites (opuestos)
✔ positive number (número
Understanding Integers positivo)
sum (suma)
✔ whole number (número
entero)

Preview Words
absolute value
(valor absoluto)
additive inverse (inverso
-50, 50 aditivo)
50 expression (expresión)
-50 model (modelo)

Understand Vocabulary
Complete the sentences using the preview words.

1. The of a number gives its distance from zero.

2. The sum of a number and its is zero.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Active Reading
Booklet Before beginning the module, create
a booklet to help you learn the concepts in this
module. Write the main idea of each lesson on
each page of the booklet. As you study each
lesson, write important details that support the
main idea, such as vocabulary and processes.
Refer to your finished booklet as you work on
assignments and study for tests.

Module 1 5
 MODULE 1

Unpacking the Standards

Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the
standards will help you know exactly what you are expected to
learn in this module.

7.NS.1.1
Apply and extend previous
What It Means to You
understandings of addition and You will learn how to use models to add and subtract integers with
subtraction to add and subtract the same sign and with different signs.
rational numbers; represent
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 7.NS.1.1
addition and subtraction on a
horizontal or vertical number You will learn how to use models to add and subtract integers with
line diagram. the same sign and with different signs.
4 + (-7) Start at 0.
Key Vocabulary +(-7)
additive inverse (inverso 4 Move right
4 units.
aditivo)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Then move
The opposite of a number.
left 7 units.
4 + (-7) = -3

7.NS.1.1c
What It Means to You

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©PhotoDisc/

Understand subtraction of
rational numbers as adding You will learn that subtracting an
the additive inverse, p - q integer is the same as adding its
= p + (-q). Show that the additive inverse.
distance between two rational
numbers on the number line UNPACKING
is the absolute value of their EXAMPLE 7.NS.1.1c
difference, and apply this Find the difference between 3,000 °F
principle in real-world contexts. and -250 °F, the temperatures the
space shuttle must endure.
Key Vocabulary
integer (entero) 3,000 - (-250)
Getty Royalty Free

A member of the set of whole

numbers and their opposites. 3,000 + 250 = 3,250

The difference in temperatures the

shuttle must endure is 3,250 °F.
Visit my.hrw.com
to see all Florida
Math Standards
unpacked.

my.hrw.com

6 Unit 1
 LESSON
Adding Integers with 7.NS.1.1

1.1 the Same Sign

Apply and extend previous
understandings of addition
and subtraction to add...
rational numbers; represent
addition... on a…vertical
number line diagram. Also
7.NS.1.1b, 7.NS.1.1d

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you add integers with the same sign?

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 7.NS.1.1

Modeling Sums of Integers

with the Same Sign
You can use colored counters to add positive integers
and to add negative integers. =1

= -1
Model with two-color counters.
A 3+4

3 positive counters total number of

4 positive counters counters

How many counters are there in total?

What is the sum and how do you find it?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

B - 5 + (- 3)
Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
5 negative counters total number of What does the color
of each row of counters
3 negative counters counters represent?

How many counters are there in total?

Since the counters are negative integers, what is the sum?

Reflect
1. Communicate Mathematical Ideas When adding two numbers with
the same sign, what sign do you use for the sum?

Lesson 1.1 7
 7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1b
EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2

Adding on a Number Line

Just as you can add positive integers on a number line, you can
add negative integers.

The temperature was 2 °F below zero. The temperature 8 8

drops by 5 °F. What is the temperature now?
A What is the initial temperature written as an 6 6
integer?
4 4

B Mark the initial temperature on the number line. 2 2

C A drop in temperature of 5° is like adding -5° to
the temperature. 0 0

Count on the number line to find the final

-2 -2
temperature. Mark the temperature now on the
number line.
-4 -4
D What is the temperature written as an integer?
-6 -6

The temperature is -8 -8

above / below zero.

Temperature (˚F)

Reflect
2. What If? Suppose the temperature is -1 °F and drops by 3 °F. Explain
how to use the number line to find the new temperature.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3. Communicate Mathematical Ideas How would using a number line

to find the sum 2 + 5 be different from using a number line to find the
sum - 2 + (- 5)?

4. Analyze Relationships What are two other negative integers that have
the same sum as - 2 and - 5?

8 Unit 1
 Adding Integers with a Common Sign
To add integers with the same sign, add the absolute values of the integers and
use the sign of the integers for the sum.

Math On the Spot

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE 7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1d my.hrw.com

Add -7 + (-6). The signs of both integers are the same.

STEP 1 Find the absolute values.

| -7 | = 7 | -6 | = 6
The absolute value is always
positive or zero. Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
Can you use the same
STEP 2 Find the sum of the absolute values: 7 + 6 = 13 procedure you use to find the
sum of two negative integers
to find the sum of two
STEP 3 Use the sign of the integers to write the sum. positive numbers?
Explain.
-7 + (-6) = -13 The sign of each integer is negative.

Reflect
5. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Does the Commutative Property
of Addition apply when you add two negative integers? Explain.

6. Critical Thinking Choose any two negative integers. Is the sum of the
integers less than or greater than the value of either of the integers?
Will this be true no matter which integers you choose? Explain.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

YOUR TURN
Find each sum.
7. -8 + (-1) = 8. -3 + (-7) =

9. -48 + (-12) = 10. -32 + (-38) =

Personal
11. 109 + 191 = 12. -40 + (-105) = Math Trainer
Online Assessment
13. -150 + (-1500) = 14. -200 + (-800) = and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 1.1 9
Guided Practice
Find each sum. (Explore Activity 1)
1. -5 + (-1) 2. -2 + (-7)

a. How many counters are there? a. How many counters are there?
b. Do the counters represent positive or b. Do the counters represent positive or

negative numbers? negative numbers?

c. -5 + (-1) = c. -2 + (-7) =

Model each addition problem on the number line to find each sum.
(Explore Activity 2)
3. -5 + (-2) = 4. -1 + (-3) =

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

5. -3 + (-7) = 6. -4 + (-1) =

- 10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

7. -2 + (-2) = 8. -6 + (-8) =

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 - 16 - 12 -8 -4 0

Find each sum. (Example 1)

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. -5 + (-4) = 10. -1 + (-10) =

11. -9 + (-1) = 12. -90 + (-20) =

13. -52 + (-48) = 14. 5 + 198 =

15. -4 + (-5) + (-6) = 16. -50 + (-175) + (-345) =

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

17. How do you add integers with the same sign?

10 Unit 1
 Name Class Date

1.1 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
Online
7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1b, 7.NS.1.1d Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

18. Represent Real-World Problems Jane 20. A football team loses 3 yards on one play
and Sarah both dive down from the surface and 6 yards on another play. Write a sum
of a pool. Jane first dives down 5 feet, and of negative integers to represent this
then dives down 3 more feet. Sarah first situation. Find the sum and explain how
dives down 3 feet, and then dives down it is related to the problem.
5 more feet.
a. Multiple Representations Use the
number line to model the equation
-5 + (-3) = -3 + (-5).
21. When the quarterback is sacked, the team
loses yards. In one game, the quarterback
2 was sacked four times. What was the total
sack yardage?
0
Game 1 2 3 4
-2
Sack yardage -14 -5 -12 -23
-4

-6

-8
22. Multistep The temperature in Jonestown
and Cooperville was the same at 1:00.
By 2:00, the temperature in Jonestown
dropped 10 degrees, and the temperature
b. Does the order in which you add two in Cooperville dropped 6 degrees. By 3:00,
integers with the same sign affect the the temperature in Jonestown dropped
sum? Explain. 8 more degrees, and the temperature in
Cooperville dropped 2 more degrees.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

a. Write an equation that models

the change to the temperature in
Jonestown since 1:00.
19. A golfer has the following scores for a
4-day tournament.

Day 1 2 3 4 b. Write an equation that models

Score -3 -1 -5 -2 the change to the temperature in
Cooperville since 1:00.
What was the golfer’s total score for the
tournament?
c. Where is it colder at 3:00, Jonestown or
Cooperville?

Lesson 1.1 11
23. Represent Real-World Problems Julio is playing a trivia game. On his
first turn, he lost 100 points. On his second turn, he lost 75 points. On his
third turn, he lost 85 points. Write a sum of three negative integers that
models the change to Julio’s score after his first three turns.

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

24. Multistep On Monday, Jan made withdrawals of $25, $45, and $75
from her savings account. On the same day, her twin sister Julie made
withdrawals of $35, $55, and $65 from her savings account.
a. Write a sum of negative integers to show Jan’s withdrawals on
Monday. Find the total amount Jan withdrew.

b. Write a sum of negative integers to show Julie’s withdrawals on

Monday. Find the total amount Julie withdrew.

c. Julie and Jan’s brother also withdrew money from his savings account
on Monday. He made three withdrawals and withdrew $10 more than
Julie did. What are three possible amounts he could have withdrawn?

25. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Why might you want to use

the Commutative Property to change the order of the integers in the
following sum before adding?

-80 + (-173) + (-20)

26. Critique Reasoning The absolute value of the sum of two different © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
integers with the same sign is 8. Pat says there are three pairs of integers
that match this description. Do you agree? Explain.

12 Unit 1
 LESSON
Adding Integers with 7.NS.1.1

1.2 Different Signs

Apply and extend previous
understandings of addition
and subtraction to add...
rational numbers; represent
addition... on a horizontal...
number line diagram. Also
7.NS.1.1b

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you add integers with different signs?

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1b

Adding on a Number Line

To find the sum of integers with the same sign, such as 3 + 2, you can start
at 3 and move | 2 | = 2 units in the positive direction.

To find the sum of integers with different signs, such as 3 + (-2), you can start
at 3 and move | -2 | = 2 units in the negative direction.

3+2=5 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 3 + (−2) = 1 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Model each sum on a number line.

A Model 4 + (-3).
Start at 4. Move 3 units to the left, or in the negative direction. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4 + (-3) =
B Model -7 + 5.
Start at . Move 5 units to the , -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

or in the direction.

-7 + 5 =
C Model 6 + (-6).
Start at . Move units to 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

the , or in the direction.

6 + (-6) =

Reflect
1. Make a Prediction Predict the sum of -2 + 2. Explain
your prediction and check it using the number line.
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Lesson 1.2 13
 EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1b

Modeling Sums of Integers with

Different Signs
You can use colored counters to model adding integers with different signs.
When you add a positive integer (yellow counter) and a negative integer
(red counter), the result is 0. One red and one yellow counter form a zero pair.
1 + (-1) = 0
Model and find each sum using counters. Part A is modeled for you. For
Part B, follow the steps to model and find the sum using counters.
A Model 3 + (-2).
Start with 3 positive counters to represent 3. The value of a zero pair is
0. Adding or subtracting
Add 2 negative counters to represent adding -2. 0 to any number does
not change its value.
Form zero pairs.
What is left when you remove the zero pairs?

counter
Find the sum: 3 + (-2) =
B Model -6 + 3.
Start with counters to represent .

Add counters to represent adding .

Form zero pairs.

What is left when you remove the zero pairs?

counters

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Find the sum: -6 + 3 =

Reflect
2. Make a Prediction Kyle models a sum of two integers. He uses more
negative (red) counters than positive (yellow) counters. What do you
predict about the sign of the sum? Explain.

14 Unit 1
 YOUR TURN
Model and find each sum using counters.
Personal
3. 5 + (-1) 4. 4 + (-6) Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
5. 1 + (-7) 6. 3 + (-4) my.hrw.com

Adding Integers
You have learned how to add integers with the same signs and how to add integers
with different signs. The table below summarizes the rules for adding integers.

Adding Integers Examples Math On the Spot

my.hrw.com
Add the absolute values of the 3+5=8
Same signs integers. Use the common sign for
the sum. -2 + (-7) = -9

Subtract the lesser absolute value

from the greater absolute value. 3 + (-5) = -2
Different signs
Use the sign of the integer with the -10 + 1 = -9
greater absolute value for the sum.
The sum is 0. The opposite 4 + (-4) = 0
A number and its
of any number is called its
opposite -11 + 11 = 0
additive inverse.

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE 7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1b

Find each sum.

A -11 + 6
| -11 | - |6| = 5
Math Talk
Subtract the lesser absolute value from the greater.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Mathematical Practices
-11 + 6 = -5 Use the sign of the number with the greater
Give an example of two
absolute value. integers with different signs
B ( -37 ) + 37 whose sum is a positive
number. How did
( -37 ) + 37 = 0 The sum of a number and its opposite is 0. you choose the
integers?

YOUR TURN
Find each sum.
Personal
7. -51 + 23 = 8. 10 + ( -18 ) = Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
9. 13 + (-13) = 10. 25 + (-26) = my.hrw.com

Lesson 1.2 15
Guided Practice
Use a number line to find each sum. (Explore Activity 1)
1. 9 + (-3) = 2. -2 + 7 =

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

3. -15 + 4 = 4. 1 + (-4) =

- 18 - 16 - 14 - 12 - 10 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Circle the zero pairs in each model. Find the sum. (Explore Activity 2)

5. -4 + 5 = 6. -6 + 6 =

7. 2 + (-5) = 8. -3 + 7 =

Find each sum. (Example 1)

9. -8 + 14 = 10. 7 + (-5) =
11. 5 + (-21) = 12. 14 + (-14) =

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

13. 0 + (-5) = 14. 32 + (-8) =

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

15. Describe how to find the sums -4 + 2 and -4 + ( -2 ) on a

number line.

16 Unit 1
 Name Class Date

1.2 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
Online
7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1b Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Find each sum.

16. -15 + 71 = 17. -53 + 45 =
18. -79 + 79 = 19. -25 + 50 =
20. 18 + (-32) = 21. 5 + (-100) =
22. -12 + 8 + 7 = 23. -8 + (-2) + 3 =
24. 15 + (-15) + 200 = 25. -500 + (-600) + 1200 =

26. A football team gained 9 yards on one play and then lost 22 yards on the
next. Write a sum of integers to find the overall change in field position.
Explain your answer.

27. A soccer team is having a car wash. The team spent $55 on supplies.
They earned $275, including tips. The team’s profit is the amount the
team made after paying for supplies. Write a sum of integers that
represents the team’s profit.

28. As shown in the illustration, Alexa had a negative balance in

her checking account before depositing a $47.00 check. What Accounts Regular Checking Sign Out
is the new balance of Alexa’s checking account? $$
Search transactions

Available Balance

29. The sum of two integers with different signs is 8. Give two -$47.00
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

possible integers that fit this description.

30. Multistep Bart and Sam played a game in which each player earns or
loses points in each turn. A player’s total score after two turns is the sum
of his points earned or lost. The player with the greater score after two
turns wins. Bart earned 123 points and lost 180 points. Sam earned 185
points and lost 255 points. Which person won the game? Explain.

Lesson 1.2 17
 FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

31. Critical Thinking Explain how you could use a number line to show that
-4 + 3 and 3 + (-4) have the same value. Which property of addition
states that these sums are equivalent?

32. Represent Real-World Problems Jim is standing beside a pool. He

drops a weight from 4 feet above the surface of the water in the pool.
The weight travels a total distance of 12 feet down before landing on the
bottom of the pool. Explain how you can write a sum of integers to find
the depth of the water.

33. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Use counters to model two integers

with different signs whose sum is positive. Explain how you know the
sum is positive.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

34. Analyze Relationships You know that the sum of -5 and another
integer is a positive integer. What can you conclude about the sign of
the other integer? What can you conclude about the value of the other
integer? Explain.

18 Unit 1
 LESSON 7.NS.1.1c

1.3 Subtracting Integers Understand subtraction of

rational numbers as adding
the additive inverse,
p - q = p + (-q). …
Also 7.NS.1

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you subtract integers?

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 7.NS.1.1

Modeling Integer Subtraction

You can use counters to find the difference of two integers. In some cases, you
may need to add zero pairs.

Model and find each difference using counters.

1 + (-1) = 0
A Model -4 - (-3).
Start with 4 negative counters to represent -4.
Take away 3 negative counters to represent subtracting -3.

What is left?
Find the difference: -4 - (-3) =
B Model 6 - (-3).
Start with 6 positive counters to represent 6.

You need to take away 3 negative counters,

so add 3 zero pairs.

Take away 3 negative counters to represent

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

subtracting -3.
What is left?
Find the difference: 6 - (-3) =
C Model -2 - (-5).
Start with counters.
You need to take away counters, so add zero pairs.
Take away counters.
What is left?

Find the difference: -2 - (-5) =

Lesson 1.3 19
 EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 (cont’d)

Reflect
1. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Suppose you want to model the
difference -4 - 7. Do you need to add zero pairs? If so, why? How
many should you add? What is the difference?

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1c

Subtracting on a Number Line 5 - 3 = 5 + (-3)

To model the difference 5 - 3 on a number line, you start at 5
and move 3 units to the left. Notice that you model the sum
5 + (-3) in the same way. Subtracting 3 is the same as adding
its opposite, -3.
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
You can use the fact that subtracting a number is the same as
adding its opposite to find a difference of two integers.

Find each difference on a number line.

A Find -1 - 5 on a number line.
Rewrite subtraction as addition of the opposite.

-1 - 5 = - 1 +

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Start at and move units to the left.
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
The difference is
B Find -7 - (-3).
Rewrite subtraction as addition of the opposite.
-7 - (-3) = -7 +

Start at and move units to the .

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
The difference is

20 Unit 1
 EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 (cont’d)

Reflect
2. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Describe how to find 5 - (-8)
on a number line. If you found the difference using counters, would
you get the same result? Explain.

Subtracting Integers by Adding

the Opposite
You can use the fact that subtracting an integer is the same as adding its
opposite to solve problems. Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE 7.NS.1.1c, 7.NS.1.1

The temperature on Monday was -5 °C. By Tuesday the temperature rose

to -2 °C. Find the change in temperature.
Animated
Math
STEP 1 Write a subtraction expression. my.hrw.com

final temperature - Monday’s temperature = change

in temperature
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

-2 °C - (-5 °C)
Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
STEP 2 Find the difference.
Why does it make sense
-2 - (-5) = -2 + 5 To subtract -5, add its opposite, 5. that the change in
temperature is a
positive number?
-2 + 5 = 3 Use the rule for adding integers.
The temperature increased by 3 °C.

Reflect
3. What If? In Example 1, the temperature rose by 3 °C. Suppose it fell
from -2 °C to -10 °C. Predict whether the change in temperature
would be positive or negative. Then subtract to find the change.

Lesson 1.3 21
 YOUR TURN
Find each difference.
Personal
Math Trainer 4. -7 - 2 = 5. -1 - (-3) =
Online Assessment
and Intervention
6. 3 - 5 = 7. -8 - (-4) =
my.hrw.com

Guided Practice
Explain how to find each difference using counters. (Explore Activity 1)

1. 5 - 8 = 2. -5 - (-3) =

Use a number line to find each difference. (Explore Activity 2)

3. -4 - 5 = -4 + = 4. 1 - 4 = 1 + =

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Solve. (Example 1)

5. 8 - 11 = 6. -3 - (-5) =

7. 15 - 21 = 8. -17 - 1 =

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. 0 - (-5) = 10. 1 - (-18) =

11. 15 - 1 = 12. -3 - (-45) =

13. 19 - (-19) = 14. -87 - (-87) =

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

15. How do you subtract an integer from another integer without using a
number line or counters? Give an example.

22 Unit 1
 Name Class Date

1.3 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
Online
7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1c Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

16. Theo had a balance of -$4 in his savings 20. A scientist conducts three experiments
account. After making a deposit, he has in which she records the temperature of
$25 in his account. What is the overall some gases that are being heated. The
change to his account? table shows the initial temperature and the
final temperature for each gas.

Initial Final
17. As shown, Suzi starts her hike at an Gas Temperature Temperature
elevation below sea level. When she
A   -21 °C   -8 °C
reaches the end of the hike, she is still
below sea level at -127 feet. What was the B -12 °C 12 °C
change in elevation from the beginning of C -19 °C -15 °C
Suzi’s hike to the end of the hike?
a. Write a difference of integers to find
the overall temperature change for
Current Elevation:
each gas.
–225 feet
Gas A:

Gas B:

Gas C:
18. The record high January temperature
in Austin, Texas, is 90 °F. The record low
January temperature is -2 °F. Find the b. What If? Suppose the scientist
difference between the high and low performs an experiment in which she
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

temperatures. cools the three gases. Will the changes

in temperature be positive or negative
for this experiment? Why?
19. Cheyenne is playing a board game. Her
score was -275 at the start of her turn, and
at the end of her turn her score was -425.
What was the change in Cheyenne’s score
from the start of her turn to the end of
her turn?

Lesson 1.3 23
21. Analyze Relationships For two months, Nell feeds her cat Diet Chow
brand cat food. Then for the next two months, she feeds her cat Kitty Diet
brand cat food. The table shows the cat’s change in weight over 4 months.

Cat’s Weight
Change (oz)
Diet Chow, Month 1   -8
Diet Chow, Month 2 -18
Kitty Diet, Month 3 3
Kitty Diet, Month 4 -19
Which brand of cat food resulted in the greatest weight loss for Nell’s
cat? Explain.

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

22. Represent Real-World Problems Write and solve a word problem that
can be modeled by the difference -4 - 10.

23. Explain the Error When Tom found the difference -11 - (-4), he got
-15. What might Tom have done wrong?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

24. Draw Conclusions When you subtract one negative integer from
another, will your answer be greater than or less than the integer you
started with? Explain your reasoning and give an example.

25. Look for a Pattern Find the next three terms in the pattern 9, 4, −1, −6,
−11, … . Then describe the pattern.

24 Unit 1
 LESSON
Applying Addition 7.NS.1.3

1.4 and Subtraction

Solve real-world and
mathematical problems
involving the four operations
with rational numbers. Also

of Integers
7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1d,
7.EE.2.3

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you solve multistep problems involving addition and
subtraction of integers?

Solving a Multistep Problem

You can use what you know about adding and subtracting integers to solve a
multistep problem.

Math On the Spot

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE 7.NS.1.3, 7.NS.1.1 my.hrw.com

A seal is swimming in the ocean 5 feet below sea level.

It dives down 12 feet to catch some fish. Then, the seal 5
swims 8 feet up towards the surface with its catch.
What is the seal’s final elevation relative to sea level? Sea Level 0

–5
STEP 1 Write an expression.
• The seal starts at 5 feet below the surface, – 12 –10
so its initial position is -5 ft. +8
–15
Dives Swims
Starts - +
down up –20

-5 - 12 + 8

STEP 2 Add or subtract from left to right to find the

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

value of the expression. This is reasonable

because the seal
-5 - 12 + 8 = -17 + 8 swam farther down
than up.
= -9
The seal’s final elevation is 9 feet below sea level.

YOUR TURN
1. Anna is in a cave 40 feet below the cave entrance. She descends
13 feet, then ascends 18 feet. Find her new position relative to the
Personal
cave entrance. Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 1.4 25
 Applying Properties to Solve Problems
You can use properties of addition to solve problems involving integers.

EXAMPLE 2 Problem 7.NS.1.1d, 7.NS.1.3, 7.EE.2.3

Math On the Spot Solving
my.hrw.com
Irene has a checking account. On Monday she writes a $160 check for
groceries. Then she deposits $125. Finally she writes another check for $40.
What was the total change in the amount in Irene’s account?

Analyze Information
When Irene deposits money, she adds that amount to the account. When
she writes a check, that money is deducted from the account.

Formulate a Plan
Use a positive integer for the amount Irene added to the account. Use
negative integers for the checks she wrote. Find the sum.
-160 + 125 + (-40)

Justify and Evaluate

Solve
Add the amounts to find the total change in the account. Use properties
of addition to simplify calculations.
-160 + 125 + (-40) = -160 + (-40) + 125 Commutative Property

= -200 + 125 Associative Property

= -75
The amount in the account decreased by $75.

Justify and Evaluate

Irene’s account has $75 less than it did before Monday. This is reasonable
because she wrote checks for $200 but only deposited $125.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Reflect
2. Communicative Mathematical Ideas Describe a different way to find
the change in Irene’s account.

YOUR TURN

Personal 3. Alex wrote checks on Tuesday for $35 and $45. He also made a deposit in
Math Trainer his checking account of $180. Find the overall change in the amount in his
Online Assessment checking account.
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

26 Unit 1
 Comparing Values of Expressions
Sometimes you may want to compare values obtained by adding and
subtracting integers.

Math On the Spot

EXAMPL 3
EXAMPLE Problem
Solving 7.NS.1.3, 7.EE.2.3 my.hrw.com

The Tigers, a football team, must gain 10 yards in the next four plays to
keep possession of the ball. The Tigers lose 12 yards, gain 5 yards, lose
8 yards, and gain 14 yards. Do the Tigers maintain possession of the ball?

Analyze Information
When the team gains yards, add that distance.
When the team loses yards, subtract that distance.
If the total change in yards is greater than or equal to 10,
the team keeps possession of the ball.

Formulate a Plan
-12 + 5 - 8 + 14

Justify and Evaluate

Solve
-12 + 5 - 8 + 14
-12 + 5 + (-8) + 14 To subtract, add the opposite. Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
-12 + (-8) + 5 + 14 Commutative Property
What does it mean that
(-12 + (-8)) + (5 + 14) Associative Property the football team had a
total of -1 yard over
-20 + 19 = -1 four plays?

-1 < 10 Compare to 10 yards

The Tigers gained less than 10 yards, so they do not maintain possession.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Justify and Evaluate

The football team gained 19 yards and lost 20 yards for a total of -1 yard.

YOUR TURN
4. Jim and Carla are scuba diving. Jim started out 10 feet below the
surface. He descended 18 feet, rose 5 feet, and descended 12 more feet.
Then he rested. Carla started out at the surface. She descended 20 feet,
rose 5 feet, and descended another 18 feet. Then she rested. Which
person rested at a greater depth? Explain.
Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 1.4 27
Guided Practice
Write an expression. Then find the value of the expression.
(Examples 1, 2, 3)
1. Tomas works as an underwater photographer. He starts at a position that
is 15 feet below sea level. He rises 9 feet, then descends 12 feet to take a
photo of a coral reef. Write and evaluate an expression to find his position
relative to sea level when he took the photo.

2. The temperature on a winter night was -23 °F. The temperature rose by
5 °F when the sun came up. When the sun set again, the temperature
dropped by 7 °F. Write and evaluate an expression to find the temperature
after the sun set.

3. Jose earned 50 points in a video game. He lost 40 points, earned

87 points, then lost 30 more points. Write and evaluate an expression to
find his final score in the video game.

Find the value of each expression. (Example 2)

4. -6 + 15 + 15 = 5. 9 - 4 - 17 =

6. 50 - 42 + 10 = 7. 6 + 13 + 7 - 5 =

8. 65 + 43 - 11 = 9. -35 - 14 + 45 + 31 =

Determine which expression has a greater value. (Example 3)

10. -12 + 6 - 4 or -34 - 3 + 39

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

11. 21 - 3 + 8 or -14 + 31 - 6

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

12. Explain how you can find the value of the expression -5 + 12 + 10 - 7.

28 Unit 1
 Name Class Date

1.4 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
Online
7.NS.1.1, 7.NS.1.1d, 7.NS.1.3, 7.EE.2.3 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

13. Sports Cameron is playing 9 holes of golf. 16. Lee and Barry play a trivia game in which
He needs to score a total of at most 15 over questions are worth different numbers of
par on the last four holes to beat his best points. If a question is answered correctly,
golf score. On the last four holes, he scores a player earns points. If a question is
5 over par, 1 under par, 6 over par, and 1 answered incorrectly, the player loses
under par. points. Lee currently has -350 points.
a. Write and find the value of an a. Before the game ends, Lee answers
expression that gives Cameron’s score a 275-point question correctly, a
for 4 holes of golf. 70-point question correctly, and a
50-point question incorrectly. Write
and find the value of an expression to
b. Is Cameron’s score on the last four find Lee’s final score.
holes over or under par?

b. Barry’s final score is 45. Which player

c. Did Cameron beat his best golf score? had the greater final score?

14. Herman is standing on a ladder that is 17. Multistep Rob collects data about how
partly in a hole. He starts out on a rung many customers enter and leave a store
that is 6 feet under ground, climbs up every hour. He records a positive number
14 feet, then climbs down 11 feet. for customers entering the store each hour
What is Herman’s final position, relative and a negative number for customers
to ground level? leaving the store each hour.

Entering Leaving
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

15. Explain the Error Jerome tries to find the 1:00 to 2:00 30 -12
value of the expression 3 - 6 + 5 by first 2:00 to 3:00 14 -8
applying the Commutative Property. He 3:00 to 4:00 18 -30
rewrites the expression as 3 - 5 + 6. Explain
what is wrong with Jerome’s approach. a. During which hour did more
customers leave than arrive?

b. There were 75 customers in the store

at 1:00. The store must be emptied of
customers when it closes at 5:00. How
many customers must leave the store
between 4:00 and 5:00?

Lesson 1.4 29
The table shows the changes in the values of two friends’ savings accounts
since the previous month.

June July August

Carla -18 22 -53

Leta -17 -22 18

18. Carla had $100 in her account in May. How much money does she have in
her account in August?

19. Leta had $45 in her account in May. How much money does she have in
her account in August?
20. Analyze Relationships Whose account had the greatest decrease in
value from May to August?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

21. Represent Real-World Problems Write

and solve a word problem that matches
the diagram shown. -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

22. Critical Thinking Mary has $10 in savings. She owes her parents $50. She
does some chores and her parents pay her $12. She also gets $25 for her
birthday from her grandmother. Does Mary have enough money to pay
her parents what she owes them? If not, how much more money does she
need? Explain.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

23. Draw Conclusions An expression involves subtracting two numbers
from a positive number. Under what circumstances will the value of the
expression be negative? Give an example.

30 Unit 1
 MODULE QUIZ

Ready Personal
Math Trainer
1.1 Adding Integers with the Same Sign Online Assessment
and Intervention

Add. my.hrw.com

1. -8 + (-6) 2. -4 + (-7) 3. -9 + (-12)

1.2 Adding Integers with Different Signs

Add.
4. 5 + (-2) 5. -8 + 4 6. 15 + (-8)

1.3 Subtracting Integers

Subtract.
7. 2 - 9 8. -3 - (-4) 9. 11 - (-12)

1.4 Applying Addition and Subtraction of Integers

10. A bus makes a stop at 2:30, letting off 15 people and letting on 9. The
bus makes another stop ten minutes later to let off 4 more people.
How many more or fewer people are on the bus after the second stop
compared to the number of people on the bus before the 2:30 stop?

11. Cate and Elena were playing a card game. The stack of cards in the
middle had 24 cards in it to begin with. Cate added 8 cards to the
stack. Elena then took 12 cards from the stack. Finally, Cate took
9 cards from the stack. How many cards were left in the stack?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

12. Write and solve a word problem that can be modeled by addition of
two negative integers.

Module 1 31
 MODULE 1 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 5. The temperature in the morning was -3 °F.

The temperature dropped 11 degrees by
1. Which expression has the same value as night. What was the temperature at night?
-3 + (-5)?
A -14 °F
A -3 - (-5)
B -8 °F
B -3 + 5
C 8 °F
C -5 + (-3)
D 14 °F
D -5 - (-3)
6. Which of the following expressions has the
2. A diver’s elevation is -30 feet relative to greatest value?
sea level. She dives down 12 feet. What is
her elevation after the dive? A 3 - 7 + (-10)
B 3 + 7 - (-10)
A 12 feet
C 3 - 7 - (-10)
B 18 feet
D 3 + 7 + (-10)
C -30 feet
D -42 feet
Mini-Task
3. Which number line models the expression
-3 + 5? 7. At the end of one day, the value of a share
of a certain stock was $12. Over the next
three days, the change in the value of the
A share was -$1, then, -$1, and then $3.
-4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4

a. Write an expression that describes the

B
situation.
-4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

b. Evaluate the expression.
C
-4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4
c. What does your answer to part b mean
in the context of the problem?
D
-4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4

4. Which number can you add to 5 to get a

sum of 0?
A -10
B -5
C 0
D 5

32 Unit 1