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Day 5 - Developing Project Network Diagram PDF

This document discusses developing project networks. It provides information on different network diagramming methods including activity-on-node (AON) and activity-on-arrow (AOA) networks. It describes how to construct project networks including defining activities, events, paths and floats. The document also covers network computation processes like forward and backward passes to determine early/late start and finish times as well as slack. Practical considerations for project networks like logic errors and the use of lags are also discussed.

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Simran Bahl
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486 views

Day 5 - Developing Project Network Diagram PDF

This document discusses developing project networks. It provides information on different network diagramming methods including activity-on-node (AON) and activity-on-arrow (AOA) networks. It describes how to construct project networks including defining activities, events, paths and floats. The document also covers network computation processes like forward and backward passes to determine early/late start and finish times as well as slack. Practical considerations for project networks like logic errors and the use of lags are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Simran Bahl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Developing project network

Expected Learning Objectives


 How planning is different from scheduling?
 What are the tools available for planning my project
 How do I create network diagram
 What is the float in my network
 How do I use activity floats available in the project
DEVELOPING THE PROJECT PLAN
 The Project Network
 A flow chart that graphically depicts the sequence,
interdependencies, and start and finish times of the project job
plan of activities that is the critical path through the network.
 Provides the basis for scheduling labor and equipment.
 Enhances communication among project participants.
 Provides an estimate of the project’s duration.
 Provides a basis for budgeting cash flow.
 Identifies activities that are critical.
 Highlights activities that are “critical” and can not be delayed.
 Help managers get and stay on plan.
Project Network
 A network is a logical and chronological graphic
representation of activities comprising of a project.

 Arrow-diagram method (ADM) AOA Network

 Precedence-diagram method(PDM) AON Network


Activity on arrow
 Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) or Activity on arrow (AOA)
network or the I-J method.
 Each arrow consists of 2 Nodes. (from node & to node)
 Arrows represent Activities
 Nodes in the network represent Events
 Event is a point in time when an activity starts or ends
 Significant events in network are called milestones
Activity on node
 Node Network / Activity on Node (AON) network.
 Nodes represent Activities.
 Arrows that represent logical relationships.
 Start any network with one node and end with one node.(project
Start and project finish node).
 Node networks are easier to draw
 Do not require dummy activities to fix the activity identity problem.
WBS/WORK PACKAGES TO NETWORK

FIGURE 6.1
WBS/WORK PACKAGE TO NETWORK
(CONT’D)

FIGURE 6.1 (cont’d)


CONSTRUCTING A PROJECT
NETWORK
 Terminology
 Activity: an element of the project
A
that requires time.
 Merge Activity: an activity that has
two or more preceding activities on B D
which it depends.
 Parallel (Concurrent) Activities:
Activities that can occur
C
independently and, if desired, not at
the same time.
CONSTRUCTING A PROJECT
NETWORK
(CONT’D)
 Terminology
 Path: a sequence of connected, dependent activities.
 Critical path: the longest path through the activity network
that allows for the completion of all project-related activities;
the shortest expected time in which the entire project can be
completed. Delays on the critical path will delay completion
of the entire project.

A B D
CONSTRUCTING A PROJECT
NETWORK
(CONT’D)
 Terminology
 Event: a point in time when an activity is started
or completed.
 Burst Activity: an activity that has more than one activity
immediately following it (more than one dependency arrow
flowing from it).
B
 Two Approaches
 Activity-on-Node (AON)
 Uses a node to depict an activity.
A C
 Activity-on-Arrow (AOA)
 Uses an arrow to depict an activity.

D
BASIC RULES
1. Networks typically flow from left to right.
2. An activity cannot begin until all preceding connected
activities are complete.
3. Arrows indicate precedence and flow
and can cross over each other.
4. Each activity must have a unique identify number that is
greater than any of its predecessor activities.
5. Looping is not allowed.
6. Conditional statements are not allowed.
7. Use common start and stop nodes.
ACTIVITY-ON-NODE FUNDAMENTALS

FIGURE 6.2
ACTIVITY-ON-NODE FUNDAMENTALS
(CONT’D)

FIGURE 6.2 (cont’d)


Draw AON
Network Information
Koll Business Center—Complete Network
Network Computation Process
 Forward Pass—Earliest Times
 How soon can the activity start? (early start—ES)
 How soon can the activity finish? (early finish—EF)
 How soon can the project finish? (expected time—ET)
 Backward Pass—Latest Times
 How late can the activity start? (late start—LS)
 How late can the activity finish? (late finish—LF)
 Which activities represent the critical path?
 How long can activity be delayed? (slack or float—SL)
Network Information
Activity-on-Node Network
Forward Pass Computation
 Add activity times along each path in the network (ES +
Duration = EF).
 Carry the early finish (EF) to the next activity where it
becomes its early start (ES) unless…
 The next succeeding activity is a merge activity, in which
case the largest EF of all preceding activities is selected.
Activity-on-Node Network Forward Pass
Backward Pass Computation
 Subtract activity times along each path in the network (LF
- Duration = LS).
 Carry the late start (LS) to the next activity where it
becomes its late finish (LF) unless
 The next succeeding activity is a burst activity, in which
case the smallest LF of all preceding activities is selected.
Activity-on-Node Network Backward Pass
Activity-on-Node Network with Slack
Slack
 Total Slack (or Float)
 Is the amount an activity can be delayed without delaying the
project
 Free Slack (or Float)
 Is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without
delaying early start dates of any successor(s).
Allows flexibility in scheduling scarce resources.
NETWORK INFORMATION

TABLE 6.1
AUTOMATED WAREHOUSE

FIGURE 6.4
NETWORK INFORMATION
ACTIVITY-ON-NODE NETWORK
ACTIVITY-ON-NODE NETWORK FORWARD
PASS
ACTIVITY-ON-NODE NETWORK
BACKWARD PASS
FORWARD AND BACKWARD PASSES
COMPLETED WITH SLACK TIMES
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
 Network Logic Errors
 Activity Numbering
 Use of Computers to Develop
Networks
 Calendar Dates
 Multiple Starts and Multiple
Projects
NETWORK LOGIC ERRORS
ILLOGICAL LOOP

FIGURE 6.9
6–37
AUTOMATED WAREHOUSE ORDER
PICKING SYSTEM NETWORK
AUTOMATED ORDER WAREHOUSE
PICKING SYSTEM BAR CHART
EXTENDED NETWORK TECHNIQUES
TO COME CLOSE TO REALITY
 Laddering
 Activities are broken into segments so the following activity
can begin sooner and not delay the work.
 Lags
 The minimum amount of time a dependent activity must be
delayed to begin or end.
 Lengthy activities are broken down to reduce the delay
in the start of successor activities.
 Lags can be used to constrain finish-to-start, start-to-start, finish-to-
finish, start-to-finish, or combination relationships.
EXAMPLE OF LADDERING
USE OF LAGS
Finish-to-Start Relationship

Start-to-Start Relationship
USE OF LAGS
(CONT’D)

Use of Lags to Reduce


Project Duration
USE OF LAGS
(CONT’D)

Finish-to-Finish
Relationship

Start-to-Finish
Relationship

Combination
Relationship
NETWORK USING LAGS
Using Lag
The amount of time whereby a successor activity is required
to be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity”
HAMMOCK ACTIVITIES
 Hammock Activity
 Spans over a segment of a project.
 Has a duration that is determined after the network plan is
drawn.
 Is used to aggregate sections of the project to facilitate getting
the right amount of detail for specific sections of a project.
 Is very useful in assigning and controlling indirect project costs.
HAMMOCK ACTIVITY EXAMPLE
Activity-on-Arrow Network Building Blocks
Activity-on-Arrow Network Fundamentals
Draw AOA
Draw AOA
Draw AOA
Draw AOA
 Questions!

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