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The document contains MATLAB code for performing load flow analysis using the Gauss-Seidel method. It includes code to define the bus data, form the bus admittance matrix Y, input load data, initialize voltages, and iterate using Gauss-Seidel to solve for bus voltages until convergence within a specified tolerance is achieved. The code is tested on a 3-bus system and outputs the final converged voltage solutions after 11 iterations.

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Nitin Bhardwaj
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65 views32 pages

Psa File

The document contains MATLAB code for performing load flow analysis using the Gauss-Seidel method. It includes code to define the bus data, form the bus admittance matrix Y, input load data, initialize voltages, and iterate using Gauss-Seidel to solve for bus voltages until convergence within a specified tolerance is achieved. The code is tested on a 3-bus system and outputs the final converged voltage solutions after 11 iterations.

Uploaded by

Nitin Bhardwaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CODE FOR NR METHOD

clc;
dx=[10;10;10];
x=[1;1;1];
c=[11;3;6];
iter=0;
while max(abs(dx))>=0.0001 & iter<10;
iter=iter+1
f=[x(1)^2-x(2)^2+x(3)^2
x(1)*x(2)+x(2)^2-3*x(3)
x(1)-x(1)*x(3)+x(2)*x(3)];
dc=c-f
J=[2*x(1) -2*x(2) 2*x(3)
x(2) x(1)+2*x(2) -3
1-x(3) x(3) -x(1)+x(2)]

dx=J\dc
x=x+dx

end
OUTPUT
iter =1

dc = 10

J= 2 -2 2

1 3 -3

0 1 0

dx = 4.7500

5.0000

5.2500

x = 5.7500

6.0000

6.2500

iter = 2
dc = -25.1250

-48.7500

-1.3125

J = 11.5000 -12.0000 12.5000

6.0000 17.7500 -3.0000

-5.2500 6.2500 0.2500

dx = -2.4829

-2.2213

-1.8582

x = 3.2671

3.7787

4.3918

iter = 3

dc = -4.6834
-10.4491

0.4861

J = 6.5343 -7.5575 8.7836

3.7787 10.8246 -3.0000

-3.3918 4.3918 0.5116

dx = -1.0721

-0.6799

-0.3207

x = 2.1951

3.0988

4.0711

iter = 4

dc = -0.7899

-1.1913

0.1258
J = 4.3901 -6.1976 8.1423

3.0988 8.3927 -3.0000

-3.0711 4.0711 0.9037

dx = -0.1892

-0.0966

-0.0685

x = 2.0059

3.0022

4.0026

iter = 5

dc = -0.0312

-0.0276

0.0063

J = 4.0118 -6.0044 8.0052

3.0022 8.0103 -3.0000

-3.0026 4.0026 0.9963


dx = -0.0059

-0.0022

-0.0026

x = 2.0000

3.0000

4.0000

iter = 6

dc = 1.0e-04 *

-0.3669

-0.1784

0.0957

J = 4.0000 -6.0000 8.0000

3.0000 8.0000 -3.0000

-3.0000 4.0000 1.0000


dx = 1.0e-05 *

-0.5577

-0.1130

-0.2645

x = 2.0000

3.0000

4.0000

>>
CODE FOR GAUSS SEIDEL METHOD
x =[0,0,0];
x(1)=1/2*(0-3*x(2)-4*x(3));
x(2)=1/8*(11-6*x(1)-5*x(3));
x(3)=1/6*(12-2*x(1)-9*x(2));
for i=1:21
x(1)=1/2*(10-3*x(2)-4*x(3));
x(2)=1/8*(11-6*x(1)-5*x(3));
x(3)=1/6*(12-2*x(1)-9*x(2));
end
disp(x);

OUTPUT

>> gss
0.3000 -0.6000 2.8000
CODE FOR Y-BUS FORMATION BY INSPECTION METHOD
function[Y]=ybusformation_userinput()
prompt='Enter the number of branches \n ';
branches=input(prompt);
for g=1:branches
% prompt ='Enter the data for line number ';
%zdata1=input('Enter the data for all lines \n');
zdata(g,1)=input('Enter starting bus number ');
zdata(g,2)=input('Enter ending bus number ');
zdata(g,3)=input('Enter resistance value ');
zdata(g,4)=input('Enter the reactance value ');
end
nl=zdata(:,1); nr=zdata(:,2); R=zdata(:,3); X=zdata(:,4);
nbr=length(zdata(:,1)); nbus=max(max(nl),max(nr));
Z=R+j*X; %BRANCH IMPEDANCE
y=ones(nbr,1)./Z; %BRANCH ADMITTANCE
Y=zeros(nbus,nbus); %INITIALIZE Y TO ZERO
for k=1:nbr; %FORMATION OF THE OFF DIAGONAL ELEMENT
if nl(k)>0 & nr(k)>0
Y(nl(k),nr(k))=Y(nl(k),nr(k))-y(k);
Y(nr(k),nl(k))=Y(nl(k),nr(k));
end
end
for n= 1:nbus %FORMATION OF THE DIAGONAL ELEMENT
for k=1:nbr
if nl(k)==n|nr(k)==n
Y(n,n)=Y(n,n)+ y(k);
else, end
end
end
OUTPUT
>> ybusformation_userinput
Enter the number of branches
6
Enter starting bus number 0
Enter ending bus number 1
Enter resistance value 0
Enter the reactance value 1
Enter starting bus number 0
Enter ending bus number 2
Enter resistance value 0
Enter the reactance value 0.8
Enter starting bus number 1
Enter ending bus number 2
Enter resistance value 0
Enter the reactance value 0.4
Enter starting bus number 1
Enter ending bus number 3
Enter resistance value 0
Enter the reactance value 0.2
Enter starting bus number 2
Enter ending bus number 3
Enter resistance value 0
Enter the reactance value 0.2
Enter starting bus number 3
Enter ending bus number 4
Enter resistance value 0
Enter the reactance value 0.08
ans =

0.0000 - 8.5000i 0.0000 + 2.5000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 2.5000i 0.0000 - 8.7500i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 -22.5000i 0.0000 + 12.5000i

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 +12.5000i 0.0000 -12.5000i

>>
CODE FOR Y-BUS FORMATION BY SINGULAR
TRANFORMATION
function[Y]=ybusformation()
prompt='enter the number of branches= ';
branches=input(prompt);
for b=1:branches
zdata(b,1)=input('Enter "from" bus number= ');
zdata(b,2)=input('Enter "to" bus number= ');
zdata(b,3)=input('Enter resistance= ');
zdata(b,4)=input('Enter reactance= ');
end
fb=zdata(:,1);
tb=zdata(:,2);
R=zdata(:,3);
X=zdata(:,4);
Z=R+j*X;
buses=max(max(fb),max(tb));

%primitive admittance matrix


padm=zeros(branches,branches);
for c=1:branches
padm(c,c)=1/Z(c);

end

%bus incidence matrix


binm=zeros(branches,buses);
for d=1:branches
if fb(d)==0
binm(d,tb(d))=-1;
elseif tb(d)==0
binm(d,fb(d))=1;
else
binm(d,tb(d))=-1;
binm(d,fb(d))=1;
end
end
ybus=(binm')*(padm)*(binm);
display(ybus);
end

OUTPUT
>> ybusformation
enter the number of branches= 6
Enter "from" bus number= 0
Enter "to" bus number= 1
Enter resistance= 0
Enter reactance= 1
Enter "from" bus number= 0
Enter "to" bus number= 2
Enter resistance= 0
Enter reactance= 0.8
Enter "from" bus number= 1
Enter "to" bus number= 2
Enter resistance= 0
Enter reactance= 0.4
Enter "from" bus number= 1
Enter "to" bus number= 3
Enter resistance= 0
Enter reactance= 0.2
Enter "from" bus number= 2
Enter "to" bus number= 3
Enter resistance= 0
Enter reactance= 0.2
Enter "from" bus number= 3
Enter "to" bus number= 4
Enter resistance= 0
Enter reactance= 0.08

ybus =

0.0000 - 8.5000i 0.0000 + 2.5000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i


0.0000 + 2.5000i 0.0000 - 8.7500i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 -22.5000i 0.0000 +12.5000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 +12.5000i 0.0000 -12.5000i

>>
CODE FOR LOAD FLOW STUDIES BY GAUSS SEIDEL METHOD
%GAUSS WITHOUT PV BUS
clc
clear all
n=input('Number of buses=');
base=input('enter the base value');

for k=1:n
for L=1:n
y(k,L)=0;
end
end

for k=1:n
for L=k+1:n
fprintf('R%i%i=',k,L);
R(k,L)=input('');
fprintf('X%i%i=',k,L);
X(k,L)=input('');
y(k,L)=1/(R(k,L)+1i*X(k,L));
y(L,k)=y(k,L);
end
end

for k=1:n
for L=1:n
if k==L
Y(k,k)=0;
for m=1:n
Y(k,k)=Y(k,k)+y(k,m);
end
else
Y(k,L)=-y(k,L);
end
end
end
disp(['For bus 1(Slack bus)']);
V(1)=input('Voltage of the bus=');

for k=2:n
fprintf('\n');
disp(['For bus ',num2str(k)]);

P(k)=input(' Active Power Injected=')/base;


Q(k)=input('Reactive Power Injected=')/base;
end

for k=2:n

V(k)=1;

end
display(Y);
display(P);
display(Q);
tol=10;
iter=1;
Vprev=V;
while (tol>0.00001 | iter==1),

Vprev=V;
for i=2:n
sumyv=0;
for k=1:n,
if(i~=k)
sumyv=sumyv+Y(i,k)*V(k);
end
end
V(i)=(1/Y(i,i))*((P(i)-j*Q(i))/conj(V(i))-sumyv);
end
tol=max(abs(abs(V(2:n))-abs(Vprev(2:n))));
V
iter=iter+1
end

OUTPUT
Number of buses=3
enter the base value100
R12=0.02
X12=0.04
R13=0.01
X13=0.03
R23=0.0125
X23=0.025
For bus 1(Slack bus)
Voltage of the bus=1

For bus 2
Active Power Injected=-256.6
Reactive Power Injected=-110.2

For bus 3
Active Power Injected=-138.6
Reactive Power Injected=-45.2

Y =
20.0000 -50.0000i -10.0000 +20.0000i -10.0000 +30.0000i
-10.0000 +20.0000i 26.0000 -52.0000i -16.0000 +32.0000i
-10.0000 +30.0000i -16.0000 +32.0000i 26.0000 -62.0000i

P =

0 -2.5660 -1.3860

Q =

0 -1.1020 -0.4520

V = 1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9633 - 0.0310i 0.9674 - 0.0342i

iter = 2

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9409 - 0.0520i 0.9552 - 0.0461i

iter = 3

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9317 - 0.0591i 0.9502 - 0.0502i

iter = 4

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9280 - 0.0615i 0.9482 - 0.0517i


iter = 5

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9265 - 0.0624i 0.9474 - 0.0522i

iter = 6

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9259 - 0.0628i 0.9470 - 0.0524i

iter = 7

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9257 - 0.0629i 0.9469 - 0.0525i

iter = 8

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9256 - 0.0629i 0.9468 - 0.0525i

iter = 9

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9256 - 0.0630i 0.9468 - 0.0525i

iter = 10

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9255 - 0.0630i 0.9468 - 0.0525i


iter = 11

V =1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9255 - 0.0630i 0.9468 - 0.0525i

iter = 12

>>
CODE FOR LOAD FLOW STUDIES BY NR METHOD
v=[1.05;1.0;1.04];
d=[0;0;0];
ps=[-4;2.0];
qs=-2.5;
n= input('Enter the number of buses ');
fprintf('Enter your choice');
p= input ('1. impedance, 2. admittance');
if (p==1)
for q= 1:n
for r=q+1:n
fprintf('Enter the impedance value between %d-%d',q,r);
z(q,r)=input(':');
if (z(q,r)==0)
y(q,r)=0;
else
y(q,r)=inv(z(q,r));
end
y(r,q)= y(q,r);
end
end
elseif (p==2)
for a= 1:n
for b=a+1:n
fprintf('Enter the admittance value between %d-%d',a,b);
y(a,b)=input(':');
y(b,a)= y(a,b);
end
end
else
fprintf('enter the correct choice');
end
ybus=zeros(n,n);
for a = 1:n
for b=1:n
if (a==b)
for c = 1:n
ybus(a,a)= ybus(a,a)+ y(a,c);
end
else
ybus(a,b)=-y(b,a);
end
end
end
y=abs(ybus); t=angle(ybus);
iter=0;
pwracur=0.00025;% Power accuracy
dc=10;% Set the maximum power residual to a high value

while max(abs(dc))>pwracur
iter=iter+1
p=[v(2)*v(1)*y(2,1)*cos(t(2,1)-
d(2)+d(1))+v(2)^2*y(2,2)*cos(t(2,2))+v(2)*v(3)*y(2,3)*cos(t(2,3)-d(2)+d(3));
v(3)*v(1)*y(3,1)*cos(t(3,1)-
d(3)+d(1))+v(3)^2*y(3,3)*cos(t(3,3))+v(3)*v(2)*y(3,2)*cos(t(3,2)-d(3)+d(2))];
q=-v(2)*v(1)*y(2,1)*sin(t(2,1)-d(2)+d(1))-v(2)^2*y(2,2)*sin(t(2,2))-
v(2)*v(3)*y(2,3)*sin(t(2,3)-d(2)+d(3));
j(1,1)=v(2)*v(1)*y(2,1)*sin(t(2,1)-d(2)+d(1))+v(2)*v(3)*y(2,3)*sin(t(2,3)-d(2)+d(3));
j(1,2)=-v(2)*v(3)*y(2,3)*sin(t(2,3)-d(2)+d(3));
j(1,3)=v(1)*y(2,1)*cos(t(2,1)-
d(2)+d(1))+2*v(2)*y(2,2)*cos(t(2,2))+v(3)*y(2,3)*cos(t(2,3)-d(2)+d(3));
j(2,1)=-v(3)*v(2)*y(3,2)*sin(t(3,2)-d(3)+d(2));
j(2,2)=v(3)*v(1)*y(3,1)*sin(t(3,2)-d(3)+d(1))+v(3)*v(2)*y(3,2)*sin(t(3,2)-d(3)+d(2));
j(2,3)=v(3)*y(2,3)*cos(t(3,2)-d(3)+d(2));
j(3,1)=v(2)*v(1)*y(2,1)*cos(t(2,1)-d(2)+d(1))+v(2)*v(3)*y(2,3)*cos(t(2,3)-d(2)+d(3));
j(3,2)=-v(2)*v(3)*y(2,3)*cos(t(3,2)-d(2)+d(3));
j(3,3)=-v(1)*y(2,1)*sin(t(2,1)-d(2)+d(1))-2*v(2)*y(2,2)*sin(t(2,2))-
v(3)*y(2,3)*sin(t(2,3)-d(2)+d(3));
dp=ps-p;
dq=qs-q;
dc=[dp;dq]
j
dx=j\dc
d(2)=d(2)+dx(1);
d(3)=d(3)+dx(2);
v(2)=v(2)+dx(3);
v,d,delta=180/pi*d;
end
p1=v(1)^2*y(1,1)*cos(t(1,1))+v(1)*v(2)*y(1,2)*cos(t(1,2)-
d(1)+d(2))+v(1)*v(3)*y(1,3)*cos(t(1,3)-d(1)+d(3))
q1=-v(1)^2*y(1,1)*sin(t(1,1))-v(1)*v(2)*y(1,2)*sin(t(1,2)-d(1)+d(2))-
v(1)*v(3)*y(1,3)*sin(t(1,3)-d(1)+d(3))
q3=-v(3)*v(1)*y(3,1)*sin(t(3,1)-d(3)+d(1))-v(3)*v(2)*y(3,2)*sin(t(3,2)-d(3)+d(2))-v(3)^2*y(3,3)*sin(t(3,3))
OUTPUT
Enter the number of buses 3

Enter your choice1. impedance, 2. admittance2

Enter the admittance value between 1-2:10-20i

Enter the admittance value between 1-3:10-30i

Enter the admittance value between 2-3:16-32i

iter =1

dc = -2.8600

1.4384

-0.2200

j=

54.2800 -33.2800 24.8600

-33.2800 64.1664 -16.6400

-27.1400 16.6400 49.7200


dx =

-0.0455

-0.0080

-0.0265

v=

1.0500

0.9735

1.0400

d=

-0.0455

-0.0080

iter =

dc =

-0.0992

0.0367

-0.0509
j=

51.7246 -31.7678 21.3026

-32.9797 63.7409 -15.3834

-28.5386 17.3988 48.1036

dx =

-0.0016

-0.0007

-0.0018

v=

1.0500

0.9717

1.0400

d=

-0.0471
-0.0087

iter = 3

dc =

-0.0002

0.0014

-0.0001

j = 51.5967 -31.6941 21.1474

-32.9337 63.6841 -15.3520

-28.5482 17.3966 47.9549

dx =

1.0e-04 *

0.1465

0.2778

-0.0428

v=

1.0500

0.9717
1.0400

d=

-0.0471

-0.0087

iter = 4

dc =

1.0e-04 *

-0.0000

-0.5314

-0.0001

j=

51.5964 -31.6937 21.1471

-32.9337 63.6846 -15.3516

-28.5482 17.3969 47.9545

dx =
1.0e-05 *

-0.0750

-0.1223

-0.0003

v=

1.0500

0.9717

1.0400

d=

-0.0471

-0.0087

p1 =

2.1842

q1 =

1.4085

q3 =

1.4618

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