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Types of Storage Device: AA A Pog D EE SRM U

The document discusses different types of storage devices, categorizing them as magnetic or optical. Magnetic storage devices include floppy disks, hard disks, and magnetic tape. Optical storage devices include CD-ROMs, DVDs, and PhotoCDs. CD-ROMs and DVDs use pits and lands on metal disks to store data in binary format, readable by lasers. Magnetic devices use magnetic particles on disks to store binary data, readable by read/write heads. Floppy disks store 1-2MB, hard disks store GBs, while CD-ROMs and DVDs can store hundreds of MBs to GBs of data.

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Ishwar Prasad Sahu
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37 views

Types of Storage Device: AA A Pog D EE SRM U

The document discusses different types of storage devices, categorizing them as magnetic or optical. Magnetic storage devices include floppy disks, hard disks, and magnetic tape. Optical storage devices include CD-ROMs, DVDs, and PhotoCDs. CD-ROMs and DVDs use pits and lands on metal disks to store data in binary format, readable by lasers. Magnetic devices use magnetic particles on disks to store binary data, readable by read/write heads. Floppy disks store 1-2MB, hard disks store GBs, while CD-ROMs and DVDs can store hundreds of MBs to GBs of data.

Uploaded by

Ishwar Prasad Sahu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types Of Storage Device

by
A A

A P O G

D E E

SRM U
Outline

• Categorizing Storage Devices 
• Magnetic Storage Devices 
• Optical Storage Devices 
Categorizing Storage Devices

• Storage devices hold data, even when the computer


is turned off.

• The physical material that actually holds data is


called a storage medium. The surface of a floppy
disk is a storage medium.

• The hardware that writes data to or reads data


from a storage medium is called a storage device. A
floppy disk drive is a storage device.

• The two primary storage technologies are magnetic


and optical.
The primary types of magnetic storage are:

• Diskettes (floppy disks)

• Hard disks

• High-capacity floppy disks

• Disk cartridges

• Magnetic tape
The primary types of optical storage are:

• Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM)

• Digital Video Disk Read-Only Memory


(DVD-ROM)

• CD-Recordable (CD-R)

• CD-Rewritable (CD-RW)

• PhotoCD
Magnetic Storage Devices

• How Magnetic Storage Works

• Formatting

• Disk Areas

• Diskettes

• Hard Disks

• Disk Capacities

• Other Magnetic Storage Devices


How Magnetic Storage Works

• A magnetic disk's medium contains iron particles,


which can be polarized—given a magnetic charge—in
one of two directions.

• Each particle's direction represents a 1 (on) or 0 (off),


representing each bit of data that the CPU can
recognize.

• A disk drive uses read/write heads containing


electromagnets to create magnetic charges on the
medium.
Write head

Medium

Random particles Current flow
(no data stored) (write operation)

Organized particles
(represent data)
As the medium
rotates, the head
writes the data.
Formatting

• Before a magnetic disk can be used, it must be


formatted—a process that maps the disk's surface and
determines how data will be stored.

• During formatting, the drive creates circular tracks


around the disk's surface, then divides each track into
sectors.

• The OS organizes sectors into groups, called clusters,


then tracks each file's location according to the clusters
it occupies.
Formatted Disk
Disk Areas

When a disk is formatted, the OS creates four


areas on its surface:
• Boot sector – stores the master boot record, a small
program that runs when you first start (boot) the
computer

• File allocation table (FAT) – a log that records each


file's location and each sector's status

• Root folder – enables the user to store data on the disk


in a logical way

• Data area – the portion of the disk that actually holds


data
Magnetic Storage Devices ‐ Diskettes

• Diskette drives, also known as floppy disk drives,


read and write to diskettes (called floppy disks or
floppies).

• Diskettes are used to transfer files between


computers, as a means for distributing software, and
as a backup medium.

• Diskettes come in two sizes: 5.25-inch and 3.5-inch.


3.5 inch
floppy
and drive
Hard Disks

• Hard disks use multiple platters, stacked on a


spindle. Each platter has two read/write heads, one
for each side.

• Hard disks use higher-quality media and a faster


rotational speed than diskettes.

• Removable hard disks combine high capacity with


the convenience of diskettes.
Read/write heads
Disk Capacities

• Diskettes are available in different capacities, but


the most common store 1.44 MB.

• Hard disks store large amounts of data. New PCs


feature hard disks with capacities of 10 GB and
higher.
Other Magnetic Storage Devices

• High-capacity floppy disks offer capacities up to 250


MB and the portability of standard floppy disks.

• Disk cartridges are like small removable hard disks,


and can store up to 2 GB.

• Magnetic tape systems offer very slow data access,


but provide large capacities and low cost.
Due to long access times, tape
drives are used mainly for backups.
Optical Storage Devices

• How Optical Storage Works

• CD-ROM

• CD-ROM Speeds and Uses

• DVD-ROM

• Other Optical Storage Devices


How Optical Storage Works

• An optical disk is a high-capacity storage medium.


An optical drive uses reflected light to read data.

• To store data, the disk's metal surface is covered with


tiny dents (pits) and flat spots (lands), which cause
light to be reflected differently.

• When an optical drive shines light into a pit, the light


cannot be reflected back. This represents a bit value
of 0 (off). A land reflects light back to its source,
representing a bit value of 1 (on).
1 0
CD‐ROM

• In PCs, the most commonly used


optical storage technology is called
Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM).

• A standard CD-ROM disk can store up to 650


MB of data, or about 70 minutes of audio.

• Once data is written to a standard CD-ROM


disk, the data cannot be altered or overwritten.
CD‐ROM Speeds and Uses

• Early CD-ROM drives were called single speed, and


read data at a rate of 150 KBps. (Hard disks transfer
data at rates of 5 – 15 MBps).

• CD-ROM drives now can transfer data at speeds of


up to 7800 KBps. Data transfer speeds are getting
faster.

• CD-ROM is typically used to store software


programs. CDs can store audio and video data, as
well as text and program instructions.
DVD‐ROM

• A variation of CD-ROM is called Digital Video Disk


Read-Only Memory (DVD-ROM), and is being used
in place of CD-ROM in many newer PCs.

• Standard DVD disks store up to 9.4 GB of data—


enough to store an entire movie. Dual-layer DVD
disks can store up to 17 GB.

• DVD disks can store so much data because both sides


of the disk are used, along with sophisticated data
compression technologies.
Other Optical Storage Devices

• A CD-Recordable (CD-R) drive lets you record your


own CDs, but data cannot be overwritten once it is
recorded to the disk.

• A CD-Rewritable (CD-RW) drive lets you record a


CD, then write new data over the already recorded
data.

• PhotoCD technology is used to store digital


photographs.

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