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Eco Task Braking 1.2

The document discusses different types of braking systems used in automobiles. It describes braking systems as arrangements of linkages and components that convert kinetic energy into heat energy to stop or slow a moving vehicle. The main types discussed are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, magnetic, and regenerative brakes. It also categorizes braking systems based on whether they use drum brakes, disc brakes, service/foot brakes, parking/hand brakes, or anti-lock brakes (ABS). ABS prevents wheel lockup during braking on slippery surfaces to maintain vehicle control and reduce stopping distances.

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105 views

Eco Task Braking 1.2

The document discusses different types of braking systems used in automobiles. It describes braking systems as arrangements of linkages and components that convert kinetic energy into heat energy to stop or slow a moving vehicle. The main types discussed are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, magnetic, and regenerative brakes. It also categorizes braking systems based on whether they use drum brakes, disc brakes, service/foot brakes, parking/hand brakes, or anti-lock brakes (ABS). ABS prevents wheel lockup during braking on slippery surfaces to maintain vehicle control and reduce stopping distances.

Uploaded by

Arpan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BRAKING SYSTEM

In an automobile vehicle, a braking system is an arrangement of various linkages and components (brake
lines or mechanical linkages, brake drum or brake disc, master cylinder or fulcrums etc) that are
arranged in such a fashion that it converts the vehicle’s kinetic energy into the heat energy which in turn
stops or de accelerate the vehicle.

In an automobile vehicle braking system is needed –


 To stop the moving vehicle.
 To de accelerate the moving vehicle.
 For stable parking of a vehicle either on a flat surface or on a slope.
 As a precaution for accidents.
 To prevent the vehicle from any damage due to road conditions.

Classification of Braking System

1. On the Basis of Power Source


1. Mechanical Brakes: It is the type of braking system in which the brake force applied by the
driver on the brake pedal is transferred to the final brake drum or disc rotor through the various
mechanical linkages like cylindrical rods, fulcrums, springs etc. In order to de accelerate or stop
the vehicle.
 Mechanical brakes were used in various old automobile vehicles but they are obsolete now days due
to their less effectiveness.

2. Hydraulic brakes: It is the type of braking system in which the brake force applied by the
driver on brake pedal is first converted into hydraulic pressure by master cylinder than this
hydraulic pressure from master cylinder is transferred to the final brake drum or disc rotor
through brake lines.
 Instead of mechanical linkages, brake fluid is used in hydraulic brakes for the transmission of brake
pedal force in order to stop or de accelerates the vehicle.

3. Pneumatic Brakes: It is the types of braking system in which atmospheric air through
compressors and valves is used to transmit brake pedal force from brake pedal to the final drum
or disc rotor.
 Air brakes are mainly used in heavy vehicles like busses and trucks because hydraulic brakes fails to
transmit high brake force through greater distance and also pneumatic brakes generates higher brake
force than hydraulic brake which is the need of the heavy vehicle.

4. Magnetic Brakes:
In this types of braking system, the magnetic field generated by permanent magnets is used to cause
the braking of the vehicle.
 It works on the principle that when we pass a magnet through a cooper tube, eddy current is
generated and the magnetic field generated by this eddy current provide magnetic braking.
 This is the friction less braking system thus there is less or no wear and tear.
 This is the advanced technology in which no pressure is needed to cause braking.
 The response to the braking in this is quite quick as compared to other braking systems.

5. Regenerative Brakes:
It is the type of electrical braking in which at the time of braking the motor which is the main
power source of the vehicle becomes the generator i.e. when brakes are applied, the power
supply to the motor cuts off due to which the mechanical energy from the wheels becomes the
rotating force for the motor which in turn converts this mechanical energy into the electric
energy which is further stored in the battery.

On Frictional Contact Basis


1. Drum Brakes or Internal Expanding Brakes
It is the type of brake system in which a drum which is the housing of the brake shoes along with
actuation mechanism is attached with the wheel hub in such a fashion that the outer part of the drum
rotates with the wheel and inner part remains constant.
When brakes are applied the actuating mechanism (wheel cylinder or mechanical linkage.) causes the
brake shoes to expand due to which the outer frictional surface of the brake shoes makes frictional contact
with the rotating drum part which in turn stops or de accelerate the vehicle.

2. Disc Brake or External Contracting Brakes –


It is the types of braking system in which instead of a drum assembly a disc rotor attached to the hub of
the wheel in such a fashion that it rotates with the wheel, this disc rotor is clamped in between the
caliper which is rigidly fixed with the knuckle or upright of the vehicle.
 This caliper used is the housing of the brake shoes along with the actuation mechanism (mechanical
linkages or caliper cylinder).
 When the brakes are applied the actuation mechanism contracts the attached brake shoes which in
turn makes the frictional contact with the rotating disc rotor and causes the braking of the vehicle.

On Application Basis
1. Service Brake or Foot Brakes-
It is the type of brakes in which the brakes are applied when the driver presses the brake pedal mounted
inside the cockpit or at the foot space of the vehicle with his foot, this pedal force applied by the driver is
further multiplied and sent to the braking drum or disc either by mechanical linkages or by hydraulic
pressure which in turn causes braking.
 In cars foot operated brakes are used and in bikes the combination of foot and hand operated brakes
are used.

2. Hand Brake or Parking Brake–


This type of brakes are also known as emergency brake as they are independent of the main service brake, hand
brakes consists of a hand operated brake lever which is connected to the brake drum or disc rotor through the
metallic cable.
 When hand brake lever is pulled, tension is created in the metallic rod which in turn actuates the brake drum or
disc rotor mechanism and final braking occurs.
 Hand brakes are usually used for stable parking of the vehicle either on flat road or slope that is why it is also

called parking brakes.

3. Anti lock Brakes:


The situation gets particularly tricky during monsoons, as cruising in a car at such high speeds
is a perfect recipe for a disaster if the roads are slick. Even so, it does happen, so what do you
do in a situation on a slippery road when you have to suddenly apply the brakes of your car?
Without an anti-lock brake system, the wheels of your car stop spinning and the car will begin
to skid. You’ll completely lose control over the car and the results can be deadly.
The basic theory behind anti-lock brakes is simple. It prevents the wheels from locking up, thus
avoiding uncontrolled skidding. ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases
stopping distances on dry and slippery surfaces.

A skidding wheel (where the tire contact patch is sliding relative to the road) has less
traction (grip of the tire on the road) than a non-skidding wheel. For example, if your car
drives over a road covered in ice, it is unable to move forward and the wheels will keep
spinning, since no traction is present. This is because the contact point of the wheel is
sliding relative to the ice.
ABS modifies the brake fluid pressure, independent of the amount of pressure being applied on
the brakes, to bring the speed of the wheel back to the minimum slip level that is mandatory for
optimal braking performance.

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