Maintenance Factor
Why do we need MF ?
Standards EN 12464 Part 1 2011
Clause 4.3.3 refers to the schedule of illuminance values for each task and adds
“The average illuminance for each task shall not fall below the value
given in Clause 5, regardless of the age and condition of the installation”.
Clause 4.10
The recommended illuminance for each task is given as maintained illuminance.
The lighting scheme should be designed with the overall MF for the selected lamp(s),
luminaire(s), surface reflectances, environment and specified maintenance schedule.
The designer shall:
state the MF and list all assumptions made in the derivation of the value
prepare a comprehensive maintenance schedule to include frequency of lamp
replacement, luminaire, room and glazing cleaning intervals and cleaning
method
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Maintenance Factor
CIE 97 2005
Maintenance factor is defined as the "ratio of the average illuminance on the working
plane after a certain period of use of a lighting installation to the initial average illuminance
obtained under the same conditions for the installation" therefore taking account of all losses
including lamp lumen maintenance.
E maintained= E initial x Maintenance Factor
Non Recoverable Factors NRF’s
irrecoverable degradation of the surfaces of the room that cannot be recovered even by cleaning
also mentions cases like oil and dust particles burnt on to a reflector so that even cleaning the
luminaire can offer return of these factors two the initial condition.
Recoverable losses
Luminaire maintenance
Room surface maintenance
Lamp lumen maintenance
Lamp survival
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Maintenance Factor
Maintenance Diagram
Relative Illuminance according to CIE 97
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Maintenance Factor
MF = LLMF x LSF x LMF x RSMF
RSMF Room Surface Maintenance Factor
takes account of the effect of dirt and dust accumulation and other degradation of the reflectivity of the
room surfaces. The main determining factor is the environment which can be classified on a sliding scale
from "Very Clean" to "Dirty“
LMF Luminaire Maintenance Factor
takes account of the effect of dust and dirt accumulation on the luminaire.
Luminaires are classified according to their degree of sealing and their distribution, obviously dust
accumulation on an open uplight is far more onerous than on a sealed downlight.
LSF Lamp Survival Factor
takes account of the effect of the failure of light sources during the maintenance period.
LLMF Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor
takes account of the effect of the lumen depreciation of the light sources during the maintenance period
MF = LLMF x LSF x LMF x RSMF x NRF *
*If there are significant non-recoverable losses (NRF) than these should
be included in the final MF value.
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Maintenance Factor CIE 97 Typical Values
With regard to Lamp lumen Maintenance Factor CIE 97 Says
For accurate data always consult the manufacturer.
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Maintenance Factor
When is a lamp not a lamp ?
2 possible types of LED luminaire
Types 1
Lumnaires that have a lamp
Retrofit type Lamps BC/ES type domestics do not really concern us, but
T5/T8 LED replacements lamps do concern us
LED corn Bulbs to replace HPS and MH in Amenity lighting and Floods
Are Zhaga modules Lamps ?
Type 2
Luminaires with LED arrays or discrete LEDs that are built into the luminaire in such a
way that they cannot be replaced.
Type 2 Luminaires at the end of the Maintenance cycle have to be replaced
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Maintenance Factor
CIE 97 Maintenance factor calculation in Relux
Assuming LLMF= 0.95
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Maintenance Factor
TM 21 data
Life data for LED
Test method IESNA LM80 : Approved Method: Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
Data Extrapolated by IESNA TM21 : Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
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Maintenance Factor
TM21 data
Using 10 k hours of test data Manufacturer can extrapolate to 60 k hours
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Maintenance Factor
LED life standards
Test method IESNA LM80 : Approved Method: Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
Data Extrapolated by IESNA TM21 : Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
Test method IESNA LM84 : Approved Method for Measuring Luminous Flux and Color Maintenance of LED Lamps,
Light Engines and Luminaires.
Data Extrapolated by IES NA TM 28; Projecting Long-Term Luminous Flux Maintenance of LED Lamps and Luminaires
Luminaire Manufacturers of luminaires rely on Chip manufactures data to TM21 to
convince you that the luminaire is good for 50,000 hours.
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Maintenance Factor
Guarantee ?
What does the guarantee cover ?
Luminaire still works …. Yipeee
but they will not tell you at 50K hours unless you use 0.5 MF you will not meet the
illuminance specification.
The Luminaire may still be working at 50 k hours BUT
At 20 K hours it will have to be replaced or re-lamped
Re LEDed anyone ?
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Maintenance Factor
LMF for LED Luminaires
Are the CIE 97 LMF factors relevant to LED ?
The Good News
HPS 150 W Flood 100 W LED Flood
12500 Lumens output at 165 watts input 12500 Lumens output at 110 watts input
Front glass temp 85°C Front Lens temp 55°C
Lamp surface temp 250°C LED emission surface temp 50°C
Which one will degrade faster due to baked on contaminants ?
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Maintenance Factor
LMF for LED Luminaires
Are the CIE 97 LMF factors relevant to LED ?
The Bad News
Dust and dirt build up on the rear Heatsink
Increases LED temperature- lowers output- effects life
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Maintenance Factor
Designers
Ask luminaire Manufacturers for LM84/TM28 data including the measured points and the curves
Don’t be fobbed off with TM21 data.
Ask for the Tj or Tcase for the LEDs in the luminaire under maximum Ta conditions
This will be your primary factor for determining likely economic life
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