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Gas Stoichiometry

The document discusses three situations for gas stoichiometry problems: when the volume of one gas is given and the volume of another gas is sought, when the volume of a gas and the mass or molar amount of another substance are given at STP, and when the volume of a gas and the mass or molar amount of another substance are given at non-STP conditions. Examples of problems for each situation are provided and worked through.

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Annika Livelo
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33 views2 pages

Gas Stoichiometry

The document discusses three situations for gas stoichiometry problems: when the volume of one gas is given and the volume of another gas is sought, when the volume of a gas and the mass or molar amount of another substance are given at STP, and when the volume of a gas and the mass or molar amount of another substance are given at non-STP conditions. Examples of problems for each situation are provided and worked through.

Uploaded by

Annika Livelo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GAS STOICHIOMETRY

There are 3 situations in which gas stoichiometry problems can involve:


 have the volume of one gas and want the volume of another gas
o doesn’t matter what the temperature and pressure are in this case
 involves the volume of a gas and the mass or molarity of another substance at STP
 involves the volume of a gas and the mass or molarity of another substance when temperature and pressure are
not at STP

For the first situation, Avogadro’s law applies—equal volumes of gases have equal moles. It doesn’t matter if we are
talking about the same gas or different gases.

PROBLEM:
For the reaction: N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
If 1.25 L N2 reacts at some temperature and pressure, what volume of NH3 forms?

SOLUTION:
 Since you are given the volume of one gas and want the volume of another gas, all you need is the mole ratio.
Avogadro’s law is:

V1 V2
=
n1 n2

Rearranging the equation to solve for V2, you get:

V1 n2 n2
V2 = = V1 ( )
n1 n1

Notice that V1 is being multiplied by the mole ratio of the two volumes.

Therefore:

2 mol NH3
1.25 L N2 ( ) = 2.50 L NH3
1 mol N2

For the second situation in which the reaction takes place at STP, you will utilize the molar volume of the gases involved.
Remember at STP the molar volume is 22.4 L. You will use this like you would use molar mass when grams are involved,
only now volume is involved. Otherwise, normal rules for stoichiometry are used.

PROBLEM:
For the reaction: Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
What volume of H2 forms if 10.0 g Zn reacts at STP?

SOLUTION:
1 mol Zn 1 mol H2 22.4 L H2
10.0 g Zn ( )( )( ) = 3.43 L H2
65.38 g Zn 1 mol Zn 1 mol H2

PROBLEM:
For the reaction: 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s)
If 10.0 L O2 react at STP, what mass of Fe also reacts?

SOLUTION:
1 mol O2 4 mol Fe 55.85 g Fe
10.0 L O2 ( )( )( ) = 33.2 g Fe
22.4 L O2 3 mol O2 1 mol Fe
For the third situation, you need to determine the molar volume for the temperature and pressure the reaction occurs at.
In my opinion, the easiest method to determine the molar volume of a gas not at STP is to use the ideal gas law.

PV = nRT

and solve for V when n = 1 mol of the gas and T and P are the temperature and pressure.

nRT
V=
P

Then you use this molar volume in the stoichiometry.

PROBLEM:
For the reaction: CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
Of 15.00 L CH4 is burned with excess O2 at 23°C and 1.05 atm, what mass of water forms?

SOLUTION:
Step 1: Find molar volume for this T and P.

L·atm
nRT (1 mol)(0.08206 mol·K )(296 K)
V= = = 23.1 L
P 1.05 atm

Step 2: Do stoich.

1 mol CH4 2 mol H2 O 18.02 g H2 O


15.00 L CH4 ( )( )( ) = 33.2 g H2 O
23.1 L CH4 1 mol CH4 1 mol H2 O

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