Basic Calculation of An Inverting Buck-Boost Power Stage: Application Report
Basic Calculation of An Inverting Buck-Boost Power Stage: Application Report
Ilona Weiss
ABSTRACT
This application note provides basic formulas that you need to design the power stage of an inverting
buck-boost converter. The premise is that the power switch is integrated in the IC and the rectification is
done by a diode (non-synchronous power stage). It provides all the formulas and considerations that you
need to select the external power components such as the inductor, the diode, and the input and output
capacitors. As the internal switch current capability is limited it will also provide an estimation to judge
whether the load current can meet the IC specification.
Preconditions for the design:
• Basic understanding of the functionality, refer to this TI Training
• Continous-Conduction-Mode (CCM) consideration
• Large signal consideration
• Integrated switch
• Non-synchronous converter
• Basic understanding of the DC Bias Effect of Ceramic Capacitors
Trademarks
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
CI D L1 1-D CO RO
f(sw) f(sw)
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Basic Configuration of the Power Stage www.ti.com
The following waveforms describe the time characteristics of the necessary currents and voltages. These
values are considered in this application note.
Current
Inductor Voltage / Curren t
I(L1)(AV) Voltage
I(L1)(PP)
V(L1)M
0 t [us]
V(L1)(min)
I(SW)M
Current
Switch Voltage / Curren t
I(L1)(PP) Voltage
V(SW)M
0 t [us]
IFRM
Current
Voltage
I(L1)(PP)
Diode Voltage / Curren t
IF(AV)
VF
0 t [us]
VR
D/f(sw)
1/f(sw)
2 Basic Calculation of an Inverting Buck-Boost Power Stage SLVA721A – February 2017 – Revised August 2017
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www.ti.com Check the Internal Switch S1
In order to design each external component and to analyze the IC capabilities, the following parameters
must be prepared:
As for all inductive converters one of the essential formulas is the steady state duty cycle. This can be
derived from the inductor volt-second balance and the capacitor charge balance. For a robust design it is
recommended to calculate the worst-case scenario. For the inverting buck-boost this means the
maximum duty cycle D present at the minimum input voltage. It is specified as:
±VO + VF
D =
±VO + VF + V I(min) (1)
Rearranging Equation 1 provides the DC conversion ratio VO / VI:
VO ±D
=
VI 1±D (2)
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Select the Rectifier Diode www.ti.com
However, most of the converters are already optimized for specific inductance ranges which are described
in the data sheet. In this case, use the recommended value and calculate the inductor current ripple
I(L1)(PP) which is a rearrangement of Equation 6:
VI(min) D
I(L1) (PP) =
f(SW) L1 (8)
The maximum inductor current I(L1)M is the sum of the average component and the half of the peak-to-
peak inductor current ripple and is as well the maximum switch current shown in Equation 3.
I(L1) (PP)
I(L1) M = I(SW) M = I(L1)(AVG) +
2 (9)
NOTE: The inductor must always have a higher current rating than Equation 3 as the inductance
decreases with increased current. As a general guideline, the saturation current of the
inductance shall be: I(L1)(sat) ≥ 1.2 × I(L1)M
4 Basic Calculation of an Inverting Buck-Boost Power Stage SLVA721A – February 2017 – Revised August 2017
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www.ti.com Select the Capacitors
NOTE: In general, TI recommends using ceramic capacitors due to their low ESR (< 10 mΩ).
However, ceramic capacitors have some disadvantages that must be considered thoroughly.
The following list emphasizes these disadvantages, for detailed information refer to Murata:
• Capacitance decreases with increased voltage (DC bias effect)
• Capacitance decreases with decreased voltage rating
• Capacitance decreases with decreased package size
• Capacitance decreases with increased temperature
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Summary of all Equations and an Application Example www.ti.com
DC Conversion VO ±D VO ± 0.795
= = = ± 3.878
Ratio VI 1±D VI 1 ± 0.795
VI (min) + VF ± VO 2.7 V + 0.5 V ± (±10 V) 365 mA
Maximum Peak I (SW)M = (I OM × ) + ( I( L1)(PP)) I (SW)M = (0.1 A × )+( ) = 671 mA
Switch Current V I(min) 2 2.7 V 2
6 Basic Calculation of an Inverting Buck-Boost Power Stage SLVA721A – February 2017 – Revised August 2017
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www.ti.com Summary of all Equations and an Application Example
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Summary of all Equations and an Application Example www.ti.com
The presented calculations can be verified graphically with the Power Stage Designer Tool. The following
cutouts of this tool will show the results of the given example from Table 2.
8 Basic Calculation of an Inverting Buck-Boost Power Stage SLVA721A – February 2017 – Revised August 2017
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www.ti.com Summary of all Equations and an Application Example
SLVA721A – February 2017 – Revised August 2017 Basic Calculation of an Inverting Buck-Boost Power Stage 9
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References www.ti.com
7 References
1. Power Topologies Handbook (Markus Zehendner, Matthias Ullmann), (SLYU036)
2. Power Stage Designer Tool – Version 3.0
3. TPS6513x Positive and Negative Output DC-DC Converter data sheet (SLVS493)
4. Writing Guidelines according to JESD99C
5. Basic Calculation of a Boost Converter's Power Stage (SLVA372)
6. Basic Calculation of a Buck Converter's Power Stage (SLVA477)
Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
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