International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 46 Number 6 April 2017

A Review of Greenhouse Climate Control

Application for Cultivation of Agriculture
products
Nikita Jain1, S.R.Bhakar2, Rahul Singhal3
1
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Soil and Water Engineering, CTAE, Udaipur,Maharana Pratap University of
Agriculture and Technology, 313001, Udaipur, India
2
Peofessor,Department of Soil and Water Engineering, CTAE, Udaipur,Maharana Pratap University of
Agriculture and Technology, 313001, Udaipur, India
3
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur - 302017,Jaipur, India.

Abstract for different spectral frequencies which traps energy

Monitoring and control of greenhouse inside the greenhouse and heats both plants zone and
environment play an key role in greenhouse its surroundings. The cost of growing inside a
production and management. To monitor the greenhouse is generally greater than growing in the
greenhouse environment parameters effectively, it is field; therefore monitoring and automation control of
demand to design a control system. There we can important environmental parameters such as air
control the activities through PC and send to temperature, relative humidity (RH) are necessary to
controller back which is in greenhouse environment. achieve high yield at low expense and to keep the
There it will activate the actuator according to our environment competitive.
wish and set threshold valves. The main objective is Greenhouse automation is all about an
to design a simple, easy to install, microcontroller- efficient, accurate and modern intensive-agriculture,
based circuit to monitor and record the values of which judicially utilizes all available natural
temperature, humidity, soil moisture and solar resources, recycles the information within the system,
radiation of the natural environment that are and claims higher productivity, higher returns, better
continuously modified and controlled in order quality while remain environment friendly.
optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth at Environmental control of greenhouses includes
different stages and yield. There are different control and modification of day and night
microcontroller are available which can temperatures, relative humidity, solar radiation and
communicate with variety of sensors process soil moisture levels for optimum plant growth.
efficiently inside a greenhouse by actuating a cooler, Controlled environment plant production systems
fogger, dripper and lights respectively according to offer the possibility to provide large numbers of high
the necessary condition of the crops. quality crops with greater predictability. The goal of
Keywords all environmental control systems is to enhance the
Microcontroller, Environment monitoring and growth of the plant, and provide a mature crop in
controlling, Actuators. timely fashion, with desirable quality as demanded
by the market of the producer.
1. INTRODUCTION 2. System for controlling Climate inside the
The increasing world population has greenhouse
changed food production scenario over the last The system model consists of sensors,
decades. Developing countries, mostly in tropical and microcontroller, interface such as relay and actuators.
sub-tropical region, contribute and are expected to Actuators such as ventilation fan, Misting system,
continue contributing as high as about 90% of the heater, Irrigation System, LED lights are used.
world population increase (Soni and Salokhe, Greenhouse Automation aim is to design a
2004)[1]. microcontroller-based circuit to monitor and record
A greenhouse is defined as a covered the values of temperature, humidity, soil moisture
structure that provides plants with optimally level and solar radiation of the natural environment
controlled environment for adjustment of climate that are continuously controlled in order optimize
growth conditions, to reduce cost of production and level to achieve maximum plant growth and yield.
increase crop yields (Badgery-Parker, 1999)[2]. The Controlling process can taken place by both
covering material of greenhouse structure can vary automatically and manually depending upon the
from simple covers to selective transmission medium availability of sources such as electricity and human

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 46 Number 6 April 2017

power . Depending upon the type of crop and crop the crop should be fulfill without any stress on the
stages, we will set particular threshold level for each growth of plant. So that, soil moisture sensor should
climatic parameter. be at different depth according to depth of the root
zone of each plant. Water Available for plant is
directly related to the transpisration system the plant.

3. Experimental Setup in a Greenhouse 3.3.3. Humidity

Humidity also effect the development of
3.1. The Greenhouse Environment plants. The air humidity is interrelated to the
A greenhouse contains their own climate transpiration. An atmosphere with extreme humidity
variable settings. As result, a number of measurement decreases plants transpiration, reducing growth and
points are also needed for maintain the optimum may promote the growth of fungus. On the otherside,
climate inside the greenhouse. This class of decrease humidity level environments might cause
environment is challenging both for the sensor node dehydration and effect the plant growth adversely.
electronics and for the short-range wireless network, 3.2.3. Radiation
in which communication range is great longer in Radiation is a another fundamental element
open environments and the power consumption is in greenhouse production and solar radiation is
less. source of radiation. It is an important component for
3.2 Sensors photosynthesis. If the plant get proper intensity and
A sensor is a device that detects and duration of light, the growth and reproductive system
responds to some type of input from the physical of plant will improve automatically.
environment. Sensors respond time is less, low power .
consumption and tolerance level is high against 3.3Circuit Description
moisture in climate, relative humidity and
temperature sensor forms a perfect preference and 3.3.1 Transducer
solution for controlling the greenhouse environment. A Transducer is a device which measures a physical
Communication sensor and relay or actuators respond quantity and converts it into a signal which can be
according to the threshold valves for taking the desire read by an observer or by an instrument. Monitoring
action for maintain the optimum climate inside the and controlling of a greenhouse environment
greenhouse. involves sensing the changes occurring inside it
3.2.1Temperature which can influence growth stages. The parameters
Temperature is one of the most key factors which are of importance are the temperature inside
to be monitored because it is directly related to the the greenhouse which affect the photosynthetic
growth of the plants. For all plants, there is a and transpiration processes are humidity, moisture
temperature range considered best and to most plants content in the soil etc. Since all these parameters are
this range is relatively varying between threshold interlinked, a closed loop control system is
valves because the requirement of each crop is implemented for monitoring it.
different according to their growing seasons and
growing stages. Among these parameters of
temperature, maximum temperature, minimum 3.3.2Analog to Digital Converter
temperature, day temperature and night temperature, In physical world parameters such as
difference between day and night temperatures are to temperature, pressure, humidity, and velocity are
be considered seriously. present in analog signals, than physical quantity is
3.2.2. Soil Moisture converted into electrical signals. We need an analog
Form the transplanting to harvesting stage to digital converter (ADC), which is an electronic
the water requirement of plant varies according to circuit that converts continuous signals into discrete
growth of the plant. For that the soil moisture should form so that the microcontroller can read the data.
be in the optimum range so the water requirement of

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 46 Number 6 April 2017

Temperature Sensors

Interference
Circuit
Humidity Sensors

Micro Controller
Light Sensors

Motor Device
Relay Operator
Soil Moisture Sensors

Display (LCD) or Alarm Actuators (Ventilator,

Foggers, Shadenet,
Irrigation System)

Fig:1 Block Diagram of Greenhouse Management

3.3.3 Liquid Crystal Display humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity, has been
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display followed. The system has successfully overcome
device made up of any number of color or quite a few shortcomings of the existing systems by
monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source reducing the power consumption, maintenance and
or reflector. Each pixel consists of a column of liquid complexity, at the same time providing a flexible and
crystal molecules suspended between two transparent precise form of maintaining the environment. The
electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of continuously decreasing costs of hardware and
polarity of which are perpendicular to each other. software, the wider acceptance of electronic systems
3.3.4 Relays in agriculture, will result in reliable control systems
A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes that will address several aspects of quality and
under the control of another electrical circuit. Relays quantity of production which have potential in our
are operator of actuators. agriculture. This system also reduces the dependency
on the human power, so that it can be easily
3.4. Actuation System adaptable.
An actuator is an piece of equipment which will REFERENCES
produce an movement when signal is given.
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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 46 Number 6 April 2017

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