Republic of the Philippines OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Preliminaries Course Title Mathematics in the Modern World No. of Units units Course Description: This course deals with nature of mathematics, appreciation of its practical, intellectual, and aesthetic dimensions, and application of mathematical tools in daily life. The course begins with an introduction to the nature of mathematics as an exploration of patterns (in nature and the environment) and as an application of inductive and deductive reasoning. By exploring these topics, students are encouraged to go beyond the typical understanding of mathematics as merely a set of formulas but as a source of aesthetics in patterns of nature, for example, and a rich language in itself (and of science) governed by logic and reasoning The course then proceeds to survey ways in which mathematics provides a tool for understanding and dealing with various aspects of present-day living, such as managing personal finances, making social choices, appreciating geometric designs, understanding codes used in data transmission and security, and dividing limited resources fairly. These aspects will provide opportunities for actually doing mathematics in a broad range of exercises that bring out the various dimensions of mathematics as a way of knowing, and test the students’ understanding and capacity. (CMO No. 20, series of 2013) Learning Outcomes At the end of the course, the students would be able to: Page 1 of 3 Mathematics in the Modern WorldKnowledge 1. Discuss and argue about the nature of mathematics, what itis, how it is expressed, represented, and used. 2. Use different types of reasoning to justify statements and arguments made about mathematics and mathematical concepts 3. Discuss the language and symbols of mathematics ‘Skills 4. Use a variety of statistical tools to process and manage numerical data; 5, Analyze codes and coding schemes used for identification, privacy, and security purposes; 6. Use mathematics in other areas such as finance, voting, health and medicine, business, environment, arts and design, and recreation Values 1. Appreciate the nature and uses of mathematics in everyday life. 2. Affirm honesty and integrity in the application of mathematics to various human endeavors COURSE OUTLINE Section 1. The Nature of Mathematics |, Mathematics in our World Core Idea: Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and our world lI, Mathematical Language and Symbols Core Idea: Like any language, mathematics has its own symbols, syntax and rules Ill Problem Solving and Reasoning Core idea: Mathematics is not just about numbers; much of it is problem solving and reasoning Section 2. Mathematics as @ Too! |. Data Management Core Idea: Statistical tools derived from mathematics are useful in processing and managing numerical data in order to describe a phenomenon and predict values Il, Part Two 4. Geometric Designs Page 2 of 3 Mathematics in the Modern WorldCore Idea: Geometry can help enhance one's artistic prowess as well as enrich one’s own culture 2. Codes Core Idea: The utility of mathematics goes beyond the mundane. Mathematics enables the development of codes and ciphers that are useful to individuals and to society 3. Linear Programming 4, The Mathematics of Finance 5. Apportionment and Voting 6, Logic 7. The Mathematics of Graphs 8, Mathematical Systems Number of Hours: 3 hours every week for 18 weeks or 54 hours in a semester Page 3 of 3 Mathematics in the Madern WorldMATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Learning Plan Note: Topics that have been shaded indicate the areas or opportunities for interdisciplinarity. Learning Outcome Topic 1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the world (K) 2. Articulate the importance of mathematics in one’s life (V) Section 1. The Nature of Mathematics |. Mathematics in our World 3. Argue about the nature of mathematics, what it is, how it is and used (K) expressed, represented, Core Idea, Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and our world Pattems-and 4, Express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor (V) Methodology Activities to do. (i) video- watching (ii) pair-sharing or small group sharing (iii) journal writing (iv) whole class discussion Questions to Pose. (i) What is mathematics? (i) Where is mathematics? (ii) What role does mathematics play in your world? ‘Some ideas to elicit and encourage. (i) Many patterns and occurrences exist in nature, in our world, in our life. Mathematics helps makes sense of these patterns and occurrences. (i) Mathematics is a toot to quantify, organize, and control our world, Resources Reauired: (1) Nature's Numbers by lan Stewart or Mathematics in Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural World by John A. Adam or A Mathematical Nature Walk by John A. ‘Adam, or any book of the same level, intent and approach 2) hhttps://vimeo.com/99533 68 Recommended: (1) A Day's Adventure in Math Wondertand by Akiyama & Ruiz; (2) The Number Devil by Enzensberger Assessment Evaluation Reauirements. (i) short- response/essay writing at the end of class to ‘one question. Examples of these questions are: what new ideas about mathematics did you learn?; what is it about mathematics that might have changed your thoughts about it?, and; what is most useful about mathematics for humankind? (ii) Two- to three-page synthesis, paper focusing on one of the following aspects of mathematics: (a) Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the world (b) Mathematics helps edict the behavior of Page 1 of 14 Mathematics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment the weather, etc. predict phenomena, and | nature and phenomena «The Fibonacci make life easier for us. inthe world. ls ‘Sequence Some ideas 1 sebunk o control nature and jiscourag + Mathematics helps | Sisprove. (i) ‘occurrences in the world organize patterns and regularities in the world + Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and phenomena in the world. + Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world for our own ends. * Mathematics has numerous applications in the world making it indispensable. Caution. (i) This is not a Philosophy of | Mathematics course: Mathematics is just for the books, confined in the classroom. (ii) Mathematics has no place in my life for our own ends. Standards/Basis for Grading to Use. 0 point = The student is unable to elicit the ideas and concepts from the readings and video indicating that s/he has not read the prescribed reading or watched the video. 1 point - The student is able to elicit the ideas and concepts from the readings and video but shows erroneous understanding of these. 2 points - The student is able to elicit the ideas and concepts from the readings and video and ‘shows correct Page 2 of 14 Mathematics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment therefore, refrain from understanding of these. discussing at the level of 3 points — The student Eaves or the like. (ii) not only elicits the This is not simply a correct ideas from the math appreciation readings and video but course; therefore, also shows evidence of refrain from merely internalizing these. 4 showing or telling the points ~ The student “beauty” or usefulness elicits the correct ideas of mathematics alone. from the readings and video, shows evidence of internalizing these, and consistently contributes additional thoughts to the Core Idea. 5. Discuss the Section 1. The Nature of | Activities to do. (i) Required for Instructors: | Evaluation language, symbols, and | Mathematics Individual or small group | Jamison, R. E. (2000). | Requirements. (i) conventions of Il. Mathematical exercises including Learning the language | Writing exercise sets (ii) mathematics (K) Language and Symbols | 93M2S (see exercises in | of mathematics Quiz ———— The Language of Language and Leaming | sancards/Basis for 6. Explain the nature of Mathematics (from One | across the Disciplines, | Sica to Use Use mathematics as a Mathematical Cat, 41), 45-54. (attached) | Sana Use. language (kK) 7. Perform operations ‘on mathematical Core Idea. Like any language, mathematics has its own symbols, Please! by Carol Burns Fisher) (ji) Whole class discussions of the numerical scores. Required for Students: {i) The Language of Mathematics (from One Page 3 of 14 ‘Mathematics in the Modem WorldLearning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment ‘expressions correctly | Syntax and rules. comparisons between | Mathematical Cat, ) ‘ the English language —_| Please! by Carol Burns . Characteristics of | and Mathematical Fisher) (i) The 8. Acknowledge that Donguage precise, | anguage (il) Language and Grammar mathematics is a useful inguage: precise, | Compilation of of Mathematics (both language (V) concise, powerful | rathematical symbols | attached) © Expressions vs. and notations and their sentences meanings ‘+ Conventions in the | Some ideas to elicit and mathematical encourage. (i) language Mathematics is a language in itself. + Four basic concepts: | tence, itis useful in sets, functions, : communicating \ relations, binary | important ideas. (i) operations Mathematics as a © Elementary logic: | language is clear and ‘connectives, objective, (ili) Language conventions are necessary in mathematics for it to be understood by all. Some ideas to discourage or debunk or disprove. (i) Mathematics is not a language but a useless * Formality Note. This part of the course is intended to be light and easy. The intention is to expose the students to the world Page 4 of 14 ‘Mathematics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment 9. Use different types of reasoning to justify statements and arguments made about mathematics and mathematical concepts «) | 10. Write clear and logical proofs (K) 11. Solve problems involving patterns and recreational problems following Polya’s four | steps (8) 12, Organize one’s methods and of mathematics as a language in order that they may be able to read and write mathematics texts and communicate ideas with precision and conciseness Section 1. The Nature of Mathematics Ii, Problem Solving and Reasoning ‘Number‘ofnours. Core Idea. Mathematics is not just about numbers; much of itis problem solving and reasoning © Inductive and Deductive Reasoning ‘* Intuition, proof, and set of formal rules and alien symbols. (i) Mathematics confuses the communication of concepts and ideas. (ii) Mathematics is full of unnecessary symbols, rules, and conventions. Activities to do. (i) reading and writing proofs (i) small-group problem solving (it) whole class discussions of key problems and solutions Some ideas to elicit and encourage. Mathematics requires not only facility with numbers but also the ability to critically think through situations, to reason and argue logically and to creatively solve problems. (i) Required: Mathematical Excursions (Ch. 1) by R ‘Aufmann et al.; What is Mathematics Really? (Ch. 4 & 5) by R. Hersh; Recommended: Mathematical Excursions (Ch, 2) by R Aufmann et al: Mathematics, A Practical Odyssey (Ch. 1) by Johnson & Mowry; The Number Devil by Enzensberger, Professor Stewart's Cabinet of Mathernatical Curiosities by tan Stewart; Problem Evaluation Reauirements. (i) one take-home problem set (i) quiz on proving using deductive or inductive reasoning Standards/Basis for Grading to Use. 0 point = The students did not make any attempt to solve any of the problems in the problem ‘set or prove any of the statements in the quiz. 1 point ~ The student attempted to solve 50% of the problems in the Probiem set or displayed Page 5 of 14 Mathematics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome Topic approaches for proving | certainty and solving problems Polals 4-teps in ™) Problem Solving * Problem solving strategies * Mathematical Problems involving Patterns Caution. () This is not a full-fledged problem- solving course; therefore, refrain from giving problems that are beyond the students’ abilities. (i) Whie it ‘seems more important to be able to think through and attempt to solve problems, there is a higher value in actually completing solutions to problems. Methodology Mathematics is an active human endeavor. We can create the mathematics we need to solve problems. (ii) Mathematics is for everyone and anyone who cares te learn it. (iv) Mathematical problem solving takes time. Solutions are not always apparent to the solver. (v) There may be more than one approach in solving mathematical problems. Some ideas to discourage or debunk or disprove. (i) One only needs to learn numbers and fractions to be mathematically proficient (i) Mathematics is a ‘spectator sport. Mathematics is just out there to be discovered Resources Solving Through Recreational Mathematics by Averbach and Chein. Assessment logical reasoning 50% of the time in attempting to prove the statement/s in the quiz. 2 points - The student attempted to solve all the problems in the problem set or displayed logical reasoning 75% of the time in attempting to prove the statements in the quiz. 3 points - The student is able to completely solve 50% of the problems in the problems set or completed 75% of the proofis in the quiz. 4 points — The student is able to completely solve 75% of the problems in the problem set or completed all the proofis in the quiz. Page 6 of 14 ‘Mathematics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources: Hence, dissuade and appreciated. (iii) ‘students from merely Mathematics is only for attempting to solve and / the gifted. (iv) One is encourage them instead | dumb if s/he cannot to complete their solve a mathematical solutions. (iii) Avoid problem right away. (v) giving problems that do | There is only one way to not have known solve a mathematical solutions. Such problem. problems are not for this : {| 13, Use a variety of statistical tools to process and manage numerical data (S) ‘Section 2. Mathematics as a Too! (Part 1) Data agement 14, Use the methods of linear regression and correlations to predict | Core Idea, Statistical the value of a variable | tools derived from given certain conditions mathematics are useful ‘s) in processing and ee 1 managing numerical 18. Advocate the use of | data in order to describe statisticaf data in making | a phenomenon and important decisions (V) | predict values. ee Activities to do. (i) lectures (i) work with appropriate computer statistical software (ii) class discussions (iv) pseudo-proposal defense Examples of applications 1. A brisk walk at 6.4 krvfnr burns an average of 300 calories per hour. If the standard deviation of the distribution is 8 calories, find the Reauired: Mathematical ‘excursions, 3° Edition (International Edition) by Aufmann et al. (Ch. 13) Evaluation requirements. (i) 1 quiz (i)1+test Gi) 1 problem set (iv) 1 project proposal for a Recommended: i pegatamended: quantitative stacy to be , ily proposed Practical Odyssey by | A! Johnson & Mowry (Ch. Sample Project 4) Proposal You want the university to offer free shuttle rides for students, faculty, and staff from strategic points outside your L university in order to ‘Math in Our World by Sobecki, Bluman, & Schirck-Matthews Page 7 of 14 Mathematics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources | Assessment i ‘* Data:Gathering and | probability that a person improve traffic flow in Organizing Data; | who walks 1 hour at the your campus. The Representing Data _| rate of 6.4 km/hr wil university chancellor burn the given number asks your team to of calories. Assume the present hard data that orgatided data variable is normally will convince the distributed. (a) More administration. Prepare . Meagites of Cental than 280 calories (b) ‘a proposal on how you Pas Me lode. . Less than 293 calories will do this task. Median, a (c) Between 285 and a for Grading to Use. (i) Numerical scores for the quizzes, test and problem sets (i) rubric Weighted Mean | 320 calories (From: Sobecki et al., Math in Cur World) Interpret the result for each number of . Calories for the project proposal . veeures of Relative Caution, (i) Define the temic 2. Does good health bounds of the project Miles ant Box. | relate to education? proposal to ensure that re Pings | Below are the figures for the work required is the Philippines: commensurate to the : hours allotted for this Immunization (measles, section of the course. (i) % of children ages 12- The oral proposal is not 23 months) to be graded 2005...92 2006... 92 Page 8 of 14 Mathematics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome Topic Coefficient Note. (i) Although the concepts and skills appear to be the same a the Statistics taught at Junior and Senior High School, they are not, Hence, the intention is to build on the concepts and skills learned prior to. university/college, deepen what have been learned and highlight skills in interpreting statistical results. (i) Exert efforts to use technology that are available to students. 16. Apply geometric concepts, especially isometries in describing and creating designs (S) Methodology 2007...92 2008...92 2009...88 2010...80 Primary completion rate total, % of relevant age group) 2005...94 2006...91 2007...91 2008...92 2009...91 2010...no data Can you predict the primary completion rate for 20107 Resources Assessment Choose two or three topics for this section. The sections on Geomotric Designs and Codes have been developed as Section 3. Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2) Activities to do. (i) small group or large class sharing of various indigenous designs Required: Geometry: Shapes, Pattems and Designs (A Chapter for Evaluation requirements. (i) 1 problem set (i) 1 long the New Editions of the test (ii) class exhibit of Page 9 of 14 Mathematics in the Modem WorldLearning Outcome 17. Contribute to the enrichment of the Filipino culture and arts using concepts in geometry (V); Methodology Resources Assessment found in one’s home community (ii) lectures (ii) written exercises |. Geometric Designs Core Idea. Geometry can help enhance one’s artistic prowess as well as enrich one’s own culture + Recognizing and analyzing geometric shapes. ‘* Transformations * Pattems:and Diagrams + _Desigiis.Arts, & Math 12 Textbook for Ateneo de Manila University) by Vistro-Yu Recommended: Palaspas by Nochesada created or collected indigenous designs Standards/Basis for Gradina to Use. (i) numerical scores for problem set and long test (i) rubric for the class exhibit (ii) peer evaluation for the class exhibit Caution. The content material may prove to be a challenge to many students hence there should be few assessment activities, Page 10 of 14 Mathematics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome Methodology Resources Assessment 18. Use coding schemes to encode and decode different types of information for identification, privacy, and security purposes (S) 19. Exemplify honesty and integrity when using codes for security purposes (V) Sl Codes Core idea. The utility of mathematics goes beyond the mundane. Mathematics enables: the development of codes and ciphers that are useful to individuals and to society «Binary codes Integers in ‘computers Logic and computer addition Text data written exercises (iv) computer exercises Activities to do. (i) role playing (ii) lectures (ii) Required: (i) For All Practical Purposes, Introduction to Contemporary Mathematics (2 Ed.) by COMAP, Inc. (i) A Student's Guide to Coding and information Theory by Moser and Chen Recommended, httovJAwww.exploratoriu | m.edu/ronhisecret/secre ‘htm! Evaluation requirements. (i) 3 quizzes (i) 1 long test Standards/Basis for Grading to Use, Numerical scores Page 11 of 14 Mathematics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome 20, Use mathematical concepts and tools in other areas such as in finance, voting, logic, business, networks and systems (S) 21. Support the use of mathematics in various aspects and endeavors in life (V) Topic Methodology Resources Assessment Caution. itis easy to get lost in the “fun" that this section brings. Do not lose the mathematics IL Linear Programming © Linear Inequalities © Geometry of Linear Programming «Simplex Method IV The f Finance © Simple and Compound Interest Activities. (i) lectures (i) role playing (i) written exercises Johnson & Mowry, Ch. 12 ‘Aufmann et al,, Chapter 11 Evaluation requirements, (i) 1 problem set (i) an integrating project ‘Sample Integrating Project (by groups) Create a poster aimed at recruiting students to join a club that promotes mathematics as an important tool in everyday life. Standards/Basis for Grading to Use. (i Numerical scores for problem sets (ji) Rubrics for the project Page 12 of 14 Matheratics in the Modern WorldLearning Outcome Methodology Assessment v. ortionment and Voting Introduction to apportionment ‘+ Inffoduction to Voting © Weighted Voting Systems ViLogic + Uogic statement and quantifiers + Truthtabies and Conditional, Biconditional and related statements ‘Symbolic Arguments Arguments and Euler Aufmann et al., Chapter 4 ‘Aufmann et al., Chapter 3 Page 13 of 14 Mathematics in the Modem WorldLearning Outcome Topic Methodology ‘diagrams — VI. The Mathematics of Graphs + Graphs and Euler rouits * Weighted graphs = Euler's formula Graph coloring | VIL Mathematical Systems © Modular Arithmetic Applications ‘+ Group Theory Aufmann et al., Chapter 8 Resources Assessment Aufmann et al., Chapter 5 Page 14 of 14 ‘Mathematics in the Modern WorldMATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Course Map GE Learning Outcomes Mathematics in the Modern World Knowledge (Intellectual Competencies) - 1. Analyze “texts” (written, visual, oral, etc.) critically ° 2. Demonstrate proficient and effective communication (writing, speaking, and ° use of new technologies) 3. Use basic concepts across the domains of knowledge Lo 4, Demonstrate critical, analytical, and creative thinking | 5. Apply different analytical modes in problem solving P Values (Personal and Civic Responsibilities) 1. Appreciate the complexity of the human condition L 2. Interpret the human experience from various perspectives ° 3. Examine the contemporary world from both Philippine and global ° perspectives 4. Take responsibilty for knowing and being Filipino ° 5. Reflect eftically on shared concerns ° 6. Generate innovative practices and solutions guided by ethical standards P 7. Make decisions based on moral norms and imperatives ° 8. Appreciate various art forms ° 9. Contribute to aesthetics L Page 1 of § Mathematics in the Modern WorldGE Learning Outcomes Mathematics in the Modern World | 10. Advocate respect for human rights Oo 11. Contribute personally and meaningfully to the country's development I P 7 ills (Practical Skills) _ 1. Work effectively in a group ° 2._ Apply computing tools to process information effectively P 3,_ Use current technology to assist and facilitate learning and research P 4. Negotiate the world of technology responsibly P 5. Create solutions to problems in various fields P 6. Manage one’s knowledge, skills, and values for responsible and productive P living 7. Organize one’s self for lifelong learning ws eamed P= Practiced O= Opportunity to learn Page 2 of 5 ‘Mathematics in the Modern WorldMATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Additional Course Map GE Learning Outcomes ‘Mathematics in the Learning Outcomes Values (Personal and Civic Responsibilities) 12. Appreciate the complexity of the human condition Modern World Mathematics in the Modern World Knowledge (Intellectual Competencies) 6. Analyze “texts” (written, visual, oral, etc.) critically ° 7. Demonstrate proficient and effective communication ° (writing, speaking, and use of new technologies) L + Discuss the language, symbols and 8. Use basic concepts across the domains of knowledge conventions of rrathemetios 9. Demonstrate critical, analytical, and creative thinking L . identity pattems innature and regularities * Argue about the nature of mathematics, what itis, how it is expressed, represented, and used + Explain the nature of mathematics as a language + Write clear and logical proofs 10. Apply different analytical modes in problem solving P + Use different types of reasoning to justify statements and arguments made about mathematics and mathematical concepts * Articulate the importance of mathematics in one's life + Express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor + Acknowledge that mathematics is a useful Page 3 of § Mathematics in the Modem WorldGE Learning Outcomes Mathematics in the Learning Outcomes Modern World Mathematics in the Modern World language ‘Support the use of mathematics in various aspects and endeavors in life 13. Interpret the human experience from various ° perspectives 14, Examine the contemporary world from both Philippine ° and global perspectives 15. Take responsibility for knowing and being Filipino ° 16.Refiect critically on shared concerns 17. Generate innovative practices and solutions guided by Pp Organize one’s methods and approaches ethical standards for proving and solving problems Exemplify honesty and integrity when using codes for security purposes 18. Make decisions based on moral norms and imperatives ° 19. Appreciate various art forms ° _| 20. Contribute to aesthetics L Contribute to the enrichment of the Filipino culture and arts using concepts in geometry 21. Advocate respect for human rights 22. Contribute personally and meaningfully to the country’s, P ‘Advocate the use of statistical data in development making important decisions Skills (Practical Skills) 8. Work effectively in a group o Page 4 of 5 ‘Mathematics in the Modern WorldGE Learning Outcomes Mathematics in the Modern World Learning Outcomes Mathematics in the Modern World 9. Apply computing tools to process information effectively Pp 10. Use current technology to assist and facilitate learning and research 11. Negotiate the world of technology responsibly Use a variety of statistical tools to process and manage numerical data Use the methods of linear regression and correlations to predict the value of a variable given certain conditions Apply geometric concepts, especially isometries in describing and creating designs Use coding schemes to encode and decode cifferent types of information for identification, privacy and security purposes 12. Create solutions to problems in various fields. Solve problems involving patterns and recreational problems following Polya’s four steps 13, Manage one's knowledge, skills, and values for responsible and productive living Use mathematical concepts and toofs in other areas such as in finance, voting, logic, business, networks and systems 14, Organize one’s self for lifelong learning Perform operations on mathematical expressions correctly L=Leamed P= Practiced O= Opportunity to learn Page 5 of 5 ‘Mathematics in the Modem WorldMATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Required Readings and Other Materials Required for student ‘Adam, John A. Mathematics in Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural World ‘Adam, John A. A Mathematical Nature Walk Aufmann, R. et al. Mathematical Excursions (Chaps. 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, and 13) 3° Ed (Intemational Edition) COMAP Inc. For All Practical Purposes, Introduction to Contemporary Mathematics (2 ed.) Fisher, Carol Burns. The Language of Mathematics (from One Mathematical Cat, Please! by Carol Burns Fisher) Fisher, Carol Bums. The Language and Grammar of Mathematics Hersh, R. What is Mathematics Really? (Chaps. 4 & ) Johnson and Mowry. Mathematics, A Practical Odyssey (Chap. 12) Moser and Chen. A Student's Guide to Coding and Information Theory ‘Stewart, lan. Nature's Numbers Vistro-Yu, C. Geometry: Shapes, Patterns and Designs (A chapter for the new ed. of the Math 12 textbook for Ateneo de Manila University). VIDEO + https://vimeo.com/9953368 Required only for teachers Jamison, R. E. (2000), Learning the language of mathematics. Language and Learning across the Disciplines, 4(1), 45-54. Recommended readings Akiyama and Ruiz. A Day's Adventure in Math Wonderland Aufmann et al, Mathematical Excursions (Chap. 2) Averbach and Chein. Problem Solving Through Recreational Mathematics Enzensberger. The Number Devil Page 1 of 2 Mathematics in the Modern WorldJohnson and Mowry. Mathematics, A Practical Odyssey (Chaps. 1 and 4) Nocheseda. Palaspas Stewart, lan. Professor Stewart’s Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities Sobecki, Bluman, and Schirck-Matthews. Math in Qur World VIDEO * _http:/Awww_exploratorium.eduironh/secretsecret htm! Page 2 of 2 Mathematics in the Modern World