03.

701 VLSI CIRCUIT DESIGN (TA) 3-1-0

Module I
Introduction to integrated circuit fabrication-Wafer processing, oxidation, Epitaxy, Deposition, Ion implantation
and diffusion (Basics only), CMOS technology – n well, p well, and twin tub process –SOI –fully depleted and
partially depleted SOI devices. Interconnects and circuit elements – Resistors and capacitors, Lay out designing
rules and SOI rules. (  and  rule)
Module II
MOS transistor theory- Long channel MOSFET, Short channel effects of MOSFET – Velocity saturation, Channel
length modulation, source drain series resistance effect, Second order effects of MOS characteristics. CMOS
inverter.
DC characteristics, Noise margin – Static load inverters, pseudo NMOS, Saturated load inverters. Propagation
delays, Power dissipation – Static and dynamic. CMOS logic design - Pass transistor logic, Domino logic, np-
CMOS.
Module III
CMOS circuit design & implementation of Adder – Full adder, Dynamic adder, Carry bypass adder, Carry select
adder, Square root carry selector adder, Carry look head adder, Multipliers, and array multipliers. Memory
elements- SRAM, DRAM, ROM, Sense amplifiers – Differential, Single ended. Reliability and testing of VLSI
circuits – General concept, CMOS testing, Test generation methods.
Text Books:
1. Jan M Rabaey: Digital Integrated Circuits, 2nd ed., Pearson Education, 2003 / PHI
2. John P Uyemura: Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems.
References:
1. Neil H E Weste & Kamram Eshrahian: Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Addison Wesley, India.
2. Yuan Taur, Tak H ning : Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices, Cambridge Uni. Press
3. S K Gandhi: VLSI Fabrication Principles., Prentice Hall.
4. C.A.Mead & L.A.Conway: Introduction to VLSI Systems, Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
5. Wayne Wolf : Modern VLSI Design Systems on Chip – Pearson Education, 2nd ed.
6. Baker , Li , Boyce: CMOS, PHI.
7. Pucknell, VLSI Design, PHI.
Question Paper
The question paper shall consist of two parts. Part I is to cover the entire syllabus, and carries 40 marks. This shall
contain 10 compulsory questions of 4 marks each. Part II is to cover 3 modules, and carries 60 marks. There shall be
3 questions from each module (10 marks each) out of which 2 are to be answered.

03 .702 INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING (T) 3-1-0

Module I (Quantitative Approach)
Introduction to Information Theory : Concept of amount of information, units- entropy, marginal, conditional and
joint entropies - relation among entropies - mutual information, information rate.
Source coding : Instantaneous codes- construction of instantaneous codes - Kraft’s inequality, coding efficiency and
redundancy, Noiseless coding theorem - construction of basic source codes - Shannon - Fano Algorithm, Huffman
coding, Lempel - Ziv algorithm, run length encoding, JPEG standard for loss less and lossy image compression.
Channel capacity -redundancy and efficiency of a channel., binary symmetric channel (BSC), Binary erasure
channel (BEC)- capacity of bandlimited gaussian channels, Shannon- Hartley theorem - bandwidth - SNR trade off -
capacity of a channel of infinite bandwidth, Shannon’s limit.
Module II (Quantitative Approach)
Codes for error detection & correction - parity check coding - linear block codes - error detecting and correcting
capabilities - generator and parity check matrices - Standard array and syndrome decoding –Perfect codes, Hamming
codes - encoding and decoding, cyclic codes – polynomial and matrix descriptions- generation of cyclic codes,
decoding of cyclic codes, BCH codes - description & decoding, Reed-Solomon Codes, Burst error correction - block
and convolutional interleaving.
Module III (Quantitative Approach)
Convolutional Codes - encoding - time and frequency domain approaches, State, Tree & Trellis diagrams - transfer
function and minimum free distance- Maximum likelihood decoding of convolutional codes - The Viterbi
Algorithm. Sequential decoding, Trellis Coded Modulation.
Cryptography: Secret key cryptography, block and stream ciphers, DES, Public key cryptography, Diffie - Hellman
Public key distribution - RSA algorithm, Pretty Good Privacy, digital signatures.
Text Books:
Module I Module II
1. Ref (1) (ch 9) (1) Ref (5) (ch 3,4,6,9)
2. Ref (2) (ch 13) (2) Ref (4) (ch 5)
3. Ref (3) (ch 1,2) (3) Ref (1) (ch 10)
4. Ref (4) (ch 1,2,3,4) (4) Ref (3) (ch 3,4,5)
5. Ref (6) (ch 5) (5) Ref (2) (ch 13)
6. Ref (6) (ch 4)
Module III (1) Ref (5) (ch 10,11,12),(2) Ref (4) (ch 5), (3) Ref (1) (ch 11, Appendix 10),
(4) Ref (2) (ch 13), (5) Ref (3) (ch 6,7,8) (6) Ref (6) (ch 4)
References
1. Simon Haykin: Communication Systems, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons Pvt. Ltd.
2. Taub & Schilling: Principles of Communication Systems, 2nd ed., TMH, New Delhi.
3. Ranjan Bose.: Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography, TMH, New Delhi
4. Dr. P.S.Sathya Narayana : Concepts of Information Theory & Coding , Dynaram Publications, Bangalore.
5. Shu Lin & Daniel J. Costello.Jr.,: Error Control Coding : Fundamentals and Applications, Prentice Hall
Inc.,Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
6. Das, Mullick & Chatterjee: Principles of Digital Communication, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Question Paper
The question paper will consist of two parts. Part I is to cover the entire syllabus, and carries 40 marks. This will
contain 10 compulsory questions of 4 marks each. Part II is to cover 3 modules, and carries 60 marks. There will be
3 questions from each module (10 marks each) out of which 2 are to be answered.

03.703 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING (T) 2-1-0

Module I (Quantitative Approach)
Introduction, Resonators - Rectangular and Circular wave guide resonators. Limitations of vacuum tubes at
microwave frequencies. Klystrons - Re-entrant cavities, Velocity modulation, Bunching (including analysis), Output
power and beam loading, Reflex Klystron, Power output and efficiency, Admittance. Travelling wave tubes – Slow
wave structures, Helix TWT, Amplification process, Convection current, Axial electric field, Wave modes, Gain
consideration.
Module II (Quantitative Approach)
Magnetron oscillators – Cylindrical magnetron, Cyclotron angular frequency, Power output and efficiency. Solid
state microwave devices – Microwave bipolar transistors – Physical structures, Power-frequency limitations.
Heterojunction bipolar transistors – Physical structures. Principle of operation of Tunnel diode, MESFET. Gunn
diodes - Gunn oscillation modes. Working principles of Avalanche diode oscillators (no analysis).
Module III (Quantitative Approach)
Microwave hybrid circuits – Waveguide tees, Magic tees, Hybrid rings, Corners, Bends, Twists. Formulation of S-
matrix. Directional couplers – Two hole couplers, S-matrix of a directional coupler. Circulators and isolators.
Measurement of Microwave power, Frequency and Impedance.
Microwave Communication – Advantages – Analog and digital microwave – FM microwave radio system,
Repeaters, Diversity reception, Protection Switching arrangements, FM microwave radio stations, Path
characteristics, System gain.
Text Books:
1. Samuel Y. Liao: Microwave Devices and Circuits, 3 ed., Pearson Education, 2003.
2. Wayne Tomasi : Advanced Electronic Communication Systems, PHI, (Chap. 7), 5th Ed, Pearson Education,
2001
References:
1. K. C. Gupta : Microwaves, New Age International.
2. Robert E. Collin: Foundation of Microwave Engineering, Mc. Graw Hill.
3. David M Pozar : Microwave Engineering, 2nd Edn., John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd.
Question Paper
The question paper shall consist of two parts. Part I is to cover the entire syllabus, and carries 40 marks. This shall
contain 10 compulsory questions of 4 marks each. Part II is to cover 3 modules, and carries 60 marks. There shall be
3 questions from each module (10 marks each) out of which 2 are to be answered.
03.704 CONTROL SYSTEMS (T) 2-1-0
Module I (Quantitative approach)
History – Components of a control system – Examples of control system application - Open loop and closed loop
control systems - Modelling in frequency domain - Mechanical and electromechanical systems. Modelling in time
domain: State – space representation – Converting transfer function to state space and state space to transfer
function. Design process of control system – Signal flow graphs - Mason’s rule formula. Standard test signals,
natural frequency and damping ratio, time response specifications.
Module II (Quantitative approach)
Time response of first and second order systems - Steady state and dynamic error coefficients - Routh’s stability
criterion- Root locus techniques. Frequency response techniques: Nyquist criterion – Stability with the Nyquist
diagram – gain margin and phase margin - stability with Bode plots – Steady state error characteristics from
frequency response
Module III (Quantitative approach)
Design specification – controller configuration – fundamental principle of design – design with PD, PI,
PID, Phase – Lead, Phase – Lag and Lead – Lag controllers.
Design of discrete data control systems – digital implementation of PID, Lead and Lag controllers. Physical
realization of digital controllers.
Text Book :
Benjamin C. Kuo: Automatic Control Systems, 7th Edn. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
References:
1. Norman S Nise : Control System Engineering, Addison Wesley.
2. K.Ogata: Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 4th ed., Pearson Education, 2002.
3. Richard C Dorf and Robert H Bishop : Modern Control Systems, 9th ed., Pearson Education, 2001.
4. Dean Fredrick & Joe Chow: Feedback Control Problems using MATLAB, Addison Wesley.
5. Graham C. Goodwin, Control System Design, Pearson Education, 2001.
6. Bandyopadya , Control Engineering , PHI
Question Paper
The question paper shall consist of two parts. Part I is to cover the entire syllabus, and carries 40 marks. This shall
contain 10 compulsory questions of 4 marks each. Part II is to cover 3 modules, and carries 60 marks. There shall be
3 questions from each module (10 marks each) out of which 2 are to be answered.
Assignment for Sessional marks may be problems based on MATLAB / any other software packages covering the
syllabus above.

03.705 (1) (Elective III) IMAGE PROCESSING (TA) 3-1-0

Module I (Quantitative Approach)
Introduction to Digital Image Processing. Introduction to two dimensional sequences , convolution correlation,
separability etc. 2D-Fourier and Z- transform and it's properties. 2D DFT and it's properties. Convolution of two
dimensional sequences .convolutional filtering . Basics of 2D transform coding , 2D DCT, DST, Walsh
Transform. RGB and HSV color model. contrast ,brightness, match-band effect etc. Image formation model -
Perspective projection. Equation (derivation). Stereoscopic imaging - Depth extraction and Stereoscopic display.
Two dimensional sampling theorem, aliasing and reconstruction with problems. Practical limitations in sampling
and reconstruction. Moire effect and flat field response.
Module II (Quantitative Approach)
Histogram of an image. Computation of histogram. Image Enhancement operations . Point operations - Histogram
equalization , Histogram specification, Contrast stretching, window slicing, bit extraction , change detection, gray
scale reversal etc. Median filtering, Spatial low pass high pass and band pass operations. Enhancement using
transform domain operations. Root filtering and homomorphic filtering. Edge detection techniques – sobel, robert
etc. Edge enhancement techniques. False colouring using sinusoidal transfer function and digital filtering approach.
Geometric transforms, Digital Image morphing and warping.
Module III (Quantitative Approach)
Image restoration, system identification, DTF from degraded image spectrum, noise modelling . Wiener filtering -
Derivation of filter transfer function - Pseudo and inverse psuedo filtering. Image segmentation by thresholding,
Optimal threshold selection – Interactive thresholding and using two peales of histogram. Image segmentation using
region growing, region merging and watershed. Image compression - lossy and non lossy compression. Introduction
to JPEG and JPEG 2000.
Text books:
1. B. Chandra and D. Dutta Majumdar: Digital Image Processing and Analysis, PHI, Eastern
Economy Edition.
2. Rafael C Gonzalez, Richard E Woods : Digital Image Processing, 2/e, Pearson Education.
3. Anil K Jain : Fundamentals of Image Processing , PHI, 1999.
References:
1. Kenneth R Castleman: Digital Image Processing, 2/e, Prentice Hall / Pearson Education.
2. Oppenheim & Schafer: Discrete Time Signal Processing ,2/e, Prentice Hall of India / Pearson Education.
3. J. R. Parker : Algorithms for Image Processing and Computer Vision , Wiley Computer Publications,1997.
4. M.A. Sid Ahmed : Image Processing , Mc Graw Hill Publications Inc., 1995.
Question Paper
The question paper shall consist of two parts. Part I is to cover the entire syllabus, and carries 40 marks. This shall
contain 10 compulsory questions of 4 marks each. Part II is to cover 3 modules, and carries 60 marks. There shall be
3 questions from each module (10 marks each) out of which 2 are to be answered.
Assignment for Sessional marks shall be problems based on Matlab / any other software packages covering the
syllabus above.

03.706 (2) (Elective IV) OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES (TA) 3-1-0

Module I
Optical Waves: Maxwell’s equations, dielectric function, absorption coefficient and index of refraction, boundary
conditions, plane waves, plane waves at interfaces, multilayer structures, Helmholtz wave equations, symmetric
planar waveguides, rectangular waveguides, waveguide modes, periodic structures, Guassian beams, far field,
photon generation, optical gain and spontaneous emission, heat generation and dissipation, thermal resistance,
boundary conditions
Module II
Edge emitting lasers, models and material parameters, cavity length effects on loss parameters, slope efficiency
limitations, thermal effects on laser performance, vertical cavity laser, model and parameters, carrier transport
effects, thermal analysis, temperature effects on optical gain, nitride light emitters, material properties, InGaN/GaN
LEDs, InGaN/GaN lasers, electroabsorption modulator, amplification photodetector, device structure and material
properties
Module III
Planar optical devices, fabrication of planar optical devices, integrated optical circuits, splitters and couplers,
isolators, circulators, polarization control, lenses and prisms, diffraction gratings, planar diffraction gratings and
infiber bragg gratings, waveguide grating routers, filters, modulators and switches
Textbooks:
1. J. Piprek, Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices: Introduction to physics and simulation, Academic
Press 2003
2. J.R. Dutton, Understanding optical communications, Prentice Hall 1999
References :
1. P Battacharya – Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices – 2/e –Pearson Education - 2001
2. S. Desmond Smith Optoelectronic Devices-, Prentice Hall (UK), London.
3. Wilson Hawkes, Optoelectronics –An Introduction - PHI New Delhi.
4. Pallab Bhatta Charya : Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices- Pearson Education New Delhi.
5. Culshaw, Optical Fiber Sensor - Artech House, Norwood
Question Paper
The question paper shall consist of two parts. Part I is to cover the entire syllabus, and carries 40 marks. This shall
contain 10 compulsory questions of 4 marks each. Part II is to cover 3 modules, and carries 60 marks. There shall be
3 questions from each module (10 marks each) out of which 2 are to be answered.

03.707 MICROPROCESSOR LAB (TA) 0-0-2

1)Study of 8086 kits
-To study hardware details, how to use kits (enter, edit and execute a program) giving importance to user RAM area,
IN/OUT ports, interfacing details.
2) Assembly language programs
 1. Addition / Subtraction of 64 bit Nos.
2. Average of N numbers
3. 32 bit multiplication
4. 32 bit division
5. Square root of 32 bit no.
6. LCM and HCF
7. Bubble sorting
8. Prime number generation
9. Average of even and odd numbers from a data block
10. Fibanocci series
11. Conversion between number systems (ASCII, HEX, BINARY, BCD, DECIMAL)
-To study the algorithm, handling, program entry and execution.
3) Interfacing
1. Elevator Simulator
2. EPROM Programmer
3. Data acquisition
4. Hardware single stepping
5. Video display
6. Moving graphic display
7. Keyboard interface
8. Stepper motor
9. Waveform Generator
4) Simulation of programs( Sl no 2) using TASM.
Note
For University examination, the following guidelines should be followed regarding award of marks
(a) Flow chart -25%
(b) Program & Results -50%
(c) Viva voce -25%
Practical examination to be conducted covering entire syllabus given above.

03.708 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB (T) 0-0-2

The following experiments may be done using
a) DSP kits – Assembly / C language programming.
b) MATLAB
1. Generation of various signals.
2. Generation of AM, FM & PWM waveforms.
3. Implementation of Linear convolution, Circular convolution, Linear convolution using circular
convolution.
4. DFT Implementation.
5. Design & implementation of IIR filters.
6. Design & implementation of FIR filters.
7. Real time filtering of signals.
8. Spectral analysis of Biomedical & Audio frequency signals.
Note
For University examination, the following guidelines should be followed regarding award of marks
(a) Design / Concept -25%
(b) Program & Results -50%
(c) Viva voce -25%
Practical examination to be conducted covering entire syllabus given above.

03.709 PROJECT DESIGN AND SEMINAR (TA) 0-0-3

a) Project design (75 marks) – Internal Evaluation
The student is expected to select and complete the design of the project work and submit the design phase report and
presentation. The design phase report shall be submitted for evaluation. This shall be in soft binded form. This is the
first volume of the Project report. The Second volume is the final project report in the eighth semester. (25 marks
for evaluation of design report, 25 marks for presentation and 25 marks for viva).
The no. of students in a project batch shall be limited to a maximum of five.
b) Seminar (25 marks) – Internal Evaluation
The student is expected to present a seminar in one of the current topics in Electronics, Communication, Electronic
Instrumentation and related areas.
The student will undertake a detailed study on the chosen subject and submit a seminar report at the end of the
semester. (Presentation 15 marks, Report 10 marks)