Globalization: Impact on Society and Culture

Amsiwon, Janel

Bagingao, Rex

Cacamo, Rexell-ann

Pascual, Lyncee Mae

Sagapi, Angel

Submitted to:

Ma’am Dina Pentiano

July 12, 2019

 After centuries of technological progress and advances in international cooperation, the
world is more connected than ever. According to (Scholte, 1995) Globalization is a term in
heavy current usage but one whose meaning remains obscure, often even among those who
invoke it. Indeed, Jan Art Scholte states that “globalization stands out for quite a large public
spread across the world as one of the defining terms of late twentieth century social
consciousness.” The term is often distinguished more by what it is not, rather than what it is.
James Rosenau recognizes such a tendency when he states that Globalization is not the same as
globalism, which points to aspirations for an end state of affairs wherein values are shared by or
pertinent to all the world’s five billion people, their environment, their roles as citizens,
consumers or producers with an interest in collective action designed to solve common problems.
Nor is it universalism—values which embrace all humanity, hypothetically or actually.

Another temptation is to indeed specify a definition but one that offers little by way of
operational value. Anthony McGrew (1990) is one of the only example of this, nor the most
egregious, when he states that globalization constitutes a multiplicity of linkages and
interconnections that transcend the nation states (and by implication the societies) which make
up the modern world system. It defines a process through which events, decisions and activities
in one part of the world can come to have a significant consequence for individuals and
communities in quite distant parts of the globe.

Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s
economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services,
technology, and flows of investment, people, and information. Globalization is a complex and
multifaceted phenomenon. It is the process of international integration as a product of exchange
of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture in which worldwide exchange of
national and cultural resources occurs in the process. The term globalization is used to describe
the economic, political, social and cultural changes of the world in the last odd fifty years, which
was accelerated by the scientific revolution to the diminishing of national and geopolitical
boundaries in an expanding transnational movement of goods, services and capital. No single
definition exists, when we talk about the ‘definition’ of globalization, as it is with all other core
concepts in the social sciences; its precise meaning remains contested. According to the
sociologist, Roland Robertson,” globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the
world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole, both concrete global
interdependence and consciousness of the globe whole”. For Mary C Waters, Globalization is
understood in social process in which geographical obstacles to social and cultural arrangements
lose importance.

Globalization involves the process of stretching or extension and intensification of human

activities, relations and networks across globe. Since globalization is a work in progress, the end
result cannot be predicted. But it is obvious that globalization has a major impact on social realm
of society across the world. Globalization is the growth of international trade, investment,
technology and information all over the world. It is the merge of all Asian countries with each
other. Technology is a big factor of globalization. The advanced and modern technology can help
each nation to access borders and top increase the economic growth of each country.
Globalization expands more in terms of the social, cultural, legal, and political. Each country has
its own cultural globalization and they represent and exchange it to other countries about the new
ideas and values of their country. They also share the development of their country and help
some country if needed. Also, globalization can be mean to liberalize each country their rule and
regulation to follow, people can enter to a different country as long they follow the rules and law
of the country they when to or work to. Globalization works to each country through the World
Trade Organization and the United Nation because the international law is created and enforce.

The continuing world-wide growth of access to internet is being mirrored by an equally

discernible rise in its use by ethnic ideological and national groups anxious to assert their culture
identity (Obiora; 2002). This is most apparent in the information obtain some of which reflect
interest and goals. With trade agreement and liberalization of telecommunications, Corbit (199),
notes that corporate culture is said to rule the nation Jean (2002) observes that globalization has
made it possible for the whole world to be wired and plugged into T.V program, movies, news,
music, life style and entertainment of the advance countries. Satellite, cables, phones, walkmans,
V.C.Ds, D.V.Ds and retails grants as well as wonders of entertainment technology are creating
the mass marketing of culture.
 The combination of increasingly advanced technology and complex social structure
which were sustained by the ideas of change as desirable progress accelerated social change
being one of the major spheres of impacts of globalization. The social dimension of
globalization refers to the impact of globalization on the life and work of people, families and
societies. There are more social aspects for globalization beyond the employment, working
dimensions, income, social protection etc. the idea of social justice is been now been a distant
dream to be accomplished. The increased political and economic movement of globalization has
left the major aspect of society, i.e. people. The idea of social justice aims at creating a society
based on the idea of equality and solidarity, the values of human rights, the dignity of every
human being.
“Anthropology is the necessity and study of changes as well of stability.” (Keesing 1971,
346). This has been one of the major topics of anthropology ever since researchers first noticed
that primitive peoples were not as untouched by change as they had initially thought. Although
globalization is often mistaken as an exclusively economic phenomenon, it is obvious that
“humans on all frontiers are being forced either to shift their ideational systems radically and
quickly or to live in a thought-world that no longer fits the way their world is” (Keesing &
Keesing 1971, 343). Keesing points out that as: “rewards of “economic development” become
universal aspirations; they [people] react to this challenge in sharply contrasting ways”. From
this perspective, globalization cannot continue to be exclusively defined as an economic
development, but it’s social, cultural and political effects must also re addressed. Globalization
has become one of the most popular buzzword of our time frequently used by people.
Globalization is the increasing interaction of national economy with that of the First World,
which ultimately aims at creating a state of frictionless capitalism. According to Orunmoluyi
(2002) it is a process of creating a global market in which increasingly all nations are forced to
participate. The process of globalization entails that there is interconnection of sovereign nations
through trade and capital flows; harmonization of economy rules that govern relationship among
these sovereign nation; creating structures to support and facilitate interdependent and creating a
global market place.

From the culture point of view, David (2002), state that globalization is the process of
harmonizing different culture and beliefs. Castells (1997), state that globalization is the process
that eroding differences in culture and producing a seamless global system of culture and
economic values. The harmonization, according to Awake (2002), his achieved to due to
advancement in communication and countries are increasingly being forced to participate.

Many factors contributed for the growth of globalization such as advancement in

transportation and communication. The current wave of globalization is nothing but the result of
Schumpeterian evolution in technology along with interaction of many actors at different levels
of the economy. Globalization means different for different people. Globalization is not a debate
about divergence or convergence, but it is a dialectical process which can both integrate and
fragment along with creating both winners and losers. Today what we see is the downside of
globalization. Roots of globalization can be traced backed to the colonization of Asia, Africa and
America by the Europeans, the then supreme power of the world. Search of new markets and
source of wealth polished by industrial revolution lead to the establishment of international
commodity markets and mercantilist trade. The deepened economic protectionism after the First
World War and the Great Depression in The 1930’s and end of Second World War along with
expansion of capitalism was tempered by establishment of socialism as an alternative form of
capital accumulation and distribution. After Second World War the world has become more
interconnected through innovations and advancement in sciences, travel and transportation,
communication along with information and technology.

It is also a result of specifically conceived, planned and targeted neo- liberal policy and
structural measures that was designed to bring all aspects of social, economic and political life
under the tag of market capitalism. The Reagan administration in USA and Thatcher government
in UK accelerated globalization through clearing the debt crisis, establishment of neo –
liberalism as an economic framework (later came to be known as Washington Consensus) and
the International Financial Institutions imposition of structural adjustment programs (SAP’s) in
developing countries. The fall of Soviet Union along marking an end to Cold War along with the
acceptance of nations on capitalism as the only viable economic order to create wealth and
stability further made the way easier for globalization. Roots of globalization can be traced
backed to the colonization of Asia, Africa and America by the Europeans, the then supreme
power of the world. Search of new markets and source of wealth polished by industrial
revolution lead to the establishment of international commodity markets and mercantilist trade.
The deepened economic protectionism after the First World War and the Great Depression in
The 1930’s and end of Second World War along with expansion of capitalism was tempered by
establishment of socialism as an alternative form of capital accumulation and distribution. After
Second World War the world has become more interconnected through innovations and
advancement in sciences, travel and transportation, communication along with information and
technology.

It is also a result of specifically conceived, planned and targeted neo- liberal policy and
structural measures that was designed to bring all aspects of social, economic and political life
under the tag of market capitalism. The Reagan administration in USA and Thatcher government
in UK accelerated globalization through clearing the debt crisis, establishment of neo –
liberalism as an economic framework (later came to be known as Washington Consensus) and
the International Financial Institutions imposition of structural adjustment programs (SAP’s) in
developing countries. The fall of Soviet Union along marking an end to Cold War along with the
acceptance of nations on capitalism as the only viable economic order to create wealth and
stability further made the way easier for globalization. An importance feature of globalization is
the interchange of ideas as symbolized by the internet. The concern involves the clash of cultures
and the spread of materialistic values. The internet allows any person to access and wonder into
the Hollywood library and no one is there to stop, control or direct you. This has enormous
influence on hoe people think, act or behave. The values that this entertainment industry reflects
often promote materialism, violence and immorality.

Technology now created the possibility and even the likelihood of global culture. The fax
machine, satellite and cable T.V have swept away the national cultural boundaries. Duru-Ford,
(2002), opines that global entertainment companies shape understanding and dreams of
ordinaries citizens wherever they live. The local culture are inevitably falling victim to global
‘’consumer’’ culture. For instance, English Language, as observe by Tukus-Dubrow (2002), is
gradually but steadily eradicating the local dialect while consumer values according to Duru-
Ford (2002), are overwhelming people’s sense of community and social solidarity. For instance,
globalization has increasingly knitted together the world created unity out of great diversity.
Jeans (2002), noted that Coca Cola, Disney and McDonald symbolize the process along with
Sony. Shell oil and IBM to influence global consumer’s taste. There are known and consumed all
over the world. In addition, they are powerful companies that drive globalization forward,
creating new laws, new business process, new ways to eat and drink new hopes and dreams.
Fridah (2002), observes that there are optimists and pessimists, who have contradicting views.
She states that optimists look forward to global village linked altogether by internet, and
benefiting from over-increasing material well-being. On the other hand are pessimists see a
frightful corporate tyranny destroying the environment and culture, and sweeping away all that is
healthy and meaningful for human existence. Probably this is why Willien (2002), predicts
deterritorialization which he describes or calls the end of geography and the end of sovereignty.

THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE:

Culture has been defined differently by people. The different definitions attach to culture
is based on the differences in the orientation of the people. According Ekeh (1989), culture is
constructing used in an attempt to analyze and integrate events and ideas in broad spectrum of
areas of society. Jekayinfa (2002) stated that from wider perspective, culture includes the total
repertoire of human action which is socially transmitted from generation to generation. Tyler
(1871) and Jekayinfa (2002), views culture as configuration of institutions and modes of life.
Furthermore, he states that culture is the complex while which includes knowledge, belief, arts,
morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of the
society. Among the feature that characterize culture is that has its own personality and identity.
The fact that we are human does not mean we are the same. However, it is noted that every
moment, we are being transformed, always growing like the cell in our bodies. Culture changes
exactly the same way as the human being change. In other words, culture is dynamic. According
to Odiora (2002) the transformation of culture is gradual and not sudden. Obiora (2002) contends
that culture is a continuous process of change. In spite of the change culture continues to give a
community a sense of dignity, continuity, security and binds society together. Another attribute
of culture is that it is learned, acquired, transmitted or diffused through contact or other means of
communication flow from one generation to another.
 In the modern day third world countries, absolute kneeing down may be fading as noted
by Tardif (2002) opines that culture is not genetically transmitted rather it takes place by process
of absorption from the social environment or through deliberate instruction. This is to say that
culture is learned. Such learning does not occur through natural inheritance. Probably that is why
Jekayinfa (2002) maintains that the man learns culture through the process of socialization,
enumeration, personal experience and through deliberate indoctrinated nation or teaching. It
should be noted that learning of culture is a lifelong process. That is, learning of culture is from
birth of death. Jekayinfa (2002) further observes that what is learnt differ from society to society
and from one stage to another. However, all that is learnt is geared towards the realization of the
goal of the society.

IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CULTURE:

The continuing world-wide growth of access to internet is being mirrored by an equally
discernible rise in its use by ethnic ideological and national groups anxious to assert their culture
identity (Obiora; 2002). This is most apparent in the information obtain some of which reflect
interest and goals. With trade agreement and liberalization of telecommunications, Corbit (1999),
notes that corporate culture is said to rule the nation Jean (2002) observes that globalization has
made it possible for the whole world to be wired and plugged into T.V program, movies, news,
music, life style and entertainment of the advance countries. Satellite, cables, phones, Walkman,
V.C.Ds, D.V.Ds and retails grants as well as wonders of entertainment technology are creating
the mass marketing of culture. The impact of globalization on the culture is immense and
diverse. It has affected the cultural aspect of people in different ways. For instance, the loud
echoing advertisement rhythms of the famous Coca-Cola drinks can be heard across the
boundaries in towns, cities and even in remote rural areas where drinking water is hard to get.
This is why Duru-Ford (2002) observes that people had to change their living ways due to
influence of globalization. Since globalization involves the opening up the economics and
knowledge freely and widely to the global market and its forces, Friday
(2002) contends that it is required that whatever the nature of their economics, knowledge their
level of the development and whatever their location in the global economy, all countries must
pursue a common set of economic policies. Of particular importance, they must permit free and
discriminate operation of transnational corporation in their economies, open their economies
freely and indiscriminately to import and concentrate on exporting what they are supposed to be
good at; reduce the role of government in the economy to that of supporting the market and
private enterprises; and leave the determination of prices of goods, currencies labor, as well as
the allocation of the resources to the operation of the market (Awake 2002).

The Effect of Globalization on Philippine Culture

Let us begin by sharing to you two friends. The first friend loves to eat. His favorite food
is McDonald’s fried chicken. And he always craves for that crispy and juicy fried chicken with
lots of gravy. He really likes McDonald’s that he even looks like Ronald. Then, the other friend
is more into music. She spends a lot of time listening music in her 16GB Ipod. And her favorite
singer is no less than Justin Bieber or JB. She really loves JB that she would even scream each
time JB appears on T.V. Now, can you spot something common on both of them? It’s the effects
of the process of globalization. This process has affected the way we communicate, we think, we
eat, we dress and we live our lives. In short, globalization has transformed our culture, our
Filipino culture.

Globalization has become one of the most popular buzzword used by different people
worldwide. So what is globalization? It is the integration of the economic, political and cultural
systems across the globe? Or is the “McDonaldization” or, perhaps, Americanization of world
culture and United States dominance of world affairs? Is globalization good or bad? These
questions would receive very different answers from Washington, Berlin, Tokyo, New Delhi,
Beijing, Manila and other places worldwide. Indeed, simple answers to these questions, answers
that people from different walks of life in different countries would agree on, would be virtually
impossible to reach. But let us have a balanced and comprehensive definition of globalization.
According to Globalization101.org, "Globalization is the acceleration and intensification of
interaction and integration among people, companies and governments of different nations. And
this process has effects on human well-being, on the environment, on economic development
and, most importantly, on culture. "

The process of globalization has instituted profound impact on culture since ancient
times. The Phoenician traders’ impact on ancient Greek culture, Chinese silk and jars used in
prehistoric Philippines and the spread of coffee, chocolate and tobacco from Latin America to
the world are few of the examples of globalization of culture. In today’s modern world,
globalization has become more complex and pervasive. And this is brought by different factors
that have compounded through time. Among these factors are as follow: The shift to a new mode
of production and distribution or, simply, capitalism; improved and cheaper cost of
transportation and communication; colonization; proliferation of mass media; and recently, the
rise of computers.
Culture, as way of life shared by a certain group of people in a certain society, has
created a unique identity as that of British, Chinese or Filipino. But today, culture has become
the arena of contention on the issue of globalization. And with the unprecedented presence of
globalization, Castells argues that globalization has eroded differences in culture and produced a
seamless global system of culture and economic values. Hence, are we having a common culture
or a dominant culture over another? I say, it depends on how we view globalization of culture in
relation to values. It depends on whether one thinks that local cultures should be protected from
outside influence, or whether one thinks that new cultural creativity results from interaction and
mixing of ideas from different cultures.
In our own culture, the effects of globalization are immense and diverse. Now, let us look
some of these effects. The usage of English language is one of the most apparent effects of
globalization on our culture. Although English is important for us to be globally competitive, it
has undervalued our native languages. And it has become a pre-requisite to everyone who is
seeking for a higher status in society. Another, who wouldn’t recognize Avatar, Barney, Glee,
Rain, Wonder Girls or Kobe Bryant? Globalization has made it possible for us to be wired and
plugged into T.V. programs, movies, news, lifestyles, and entertainment of other countries. In
return, many Filipinos, especially youth, have forgotten the traditional Filipino activities such as
Moro-Moro, Kundiman, Sarsuela, etc. Moreover with the growth of access to internet, most
young Filipinos would spend more time in playing computer games and updating their statuses
on Facebook or Twitter than playing sports or doing productive work at home.
These may seem negative effects on our culture but let us look at the other side of the
coin. Heard of Mr. Kenneth Cobonpue or Ms. Monique Lhuillier? They are Filipinos whose
ideas and designs have brought international acclamation and caught the attention of foreigners
and Hollywood stars. In music and entertainment, the songs of singer Apl d’ Ap of Black Eyed
Peas is one of the manifestation of how he has integrated Filipino language in his music. And
globalization has also paved way for our culture to be appreciated by the world through
international fair trade, cultural shows abroad and other international activities. In sum,
globalization of culture has created both positive and negative effects on culture. In our own
culture, globalization has improved our way of living and created an impetus for us to strive for a
better life. But in the process, it has changed some of our traditional ways of life, practices,
beliefs and ideologies. Hence, globalization is neither good nor bad. Rather, certain aspects of
the complex and multi-faceted process of globalization have effects that can be viewed in
different ways depending on the values at stake Globalization has offered considerable
controversial impact. It has been viewed as a process that is major factor that is a key to the
development of the world economy and also it is inevitable and irreversible. Some regard it with
hostility, fear that increases inequality between nations, threatens employment and living
standards and social progress. These brief facts is an overview of some aspects of globalization
and aims to identity ways in which countries can tap the gains of this process while remaining
realistic about its possible abilities and its dangers.
In fact, globalization offers essential opportunities for global developments but it is not
progressing in an evenly pace. Some countries have adapted to globalization and it is
participating into the global economy faster than other countries are. This is because countries
with globalization some countries have been able to integrate and are growing faster and
reducing poverty. However, the effectiveness of globalization in developing countries is widely
active because globalization helps give opportunities in such countries in order to establish
stability especially in the economy, trade, politics, society, labor, technology and to reduce
poverty level. Developing country like the Philippines is one of the countries in Asia where the
country has been affected by globalization. The country is taking part in the process of
globalization ever since the country signed agreements with WTO (World Trade Organization)
in 1995.
Since then, the nation had hope for WTO to bring developments within the nation’s poor
economy and also to have a role within the global economy and trade. Now, globalization is very
effective in the Philippines, it has allowed major changes in the nation like more labor, and more
Filipino and foreign companies has emerged in the nation in order to help the country’s
developing economy. Generally, the Philippines is one of the developing countries that is rapidly
dealing with globalization ever since the influence of the US during the World
War II.
The country had high levels of education and English literacy due to the influence of
Uncle Sam, decent savings rates, and an export-oriented agricultural sector that generated more
than sufficient foreign exchange. The industrial sector was growing rapidly and the country had
one of the highest per capita incomes in Southeast Asia.
There was much to look forward to on the economic and business front. The Philippines
is a country of ups and downs of conspicuous consumption of devastating poverty, hunger and
suffering. The economy is basically agricultural, with rice, corn, and kamote (sweet potatoes) the
staple food crops. Key cash crops include coconuts, fruits and vegetables, sugar, tobacco, and
abaca (the famous "Manila hemp" used for rope making). In aggregate, about two-thirds of
Filipinos continue to depend on the agricultural sector. The Philippines is rich in natural
resources, as reflected in the fact that foreign exchange earnings have derived largely from
export of primary commodities. The export of fruits and vegetables, especially pineapple
products and bananas, plays a key economic role every year.
Among the minerals that the Philippines produce are copper, gold, nickel, chromium,
iron, and manganese. Mining will continue to be important in the future, particularly copper,
nickel, chromite, and iron. It is estimated that 90% of the country's mineral resources are
surveyed and undeveloped. However, the costs are high according to the international standards
and many gold mines and other operations are not economically at its best. The Philippines
global economy remains in transition and the nation has been living through a period of
increasing volatility. Globalization, whether individuals favor it or not, is taking place at a rapid
pace, integrating more and more of the nation’s and world economy. Philippines have four
regions that globalization has targeted and these four are: liberalization, mobility of capital,
technology, and management of organization through private and public sectors.

Due to the process of globalization in the Philippines, poverty level has been increasing.
There are over 80 million people living in the whole of Philippines about 60 percent of the
population lives in poverty. This is why the Philippines are corrupt because they cannot solve nor
reduce the poverty rate. However, poverty has been a major struggle within the nation and most
the society is the ones that are suffering especially those who suffer are the ones who do not have
any jobs, money, and homes. That is why the people protest to the leaders and the government to
ask them for better lives. For example, the world economic globalization affects nearly every
person, but the process of globalization is a challenge to indigenous peoples. In most countries,
native peoples have little voice within the government, and their owned lands are taken away by
corporations. Indigenous farmers typically farm small plots and sell their crops locally; their
farms do not scale up to the size and technology necessary for export. Like the indigenous
peoples of the Cordilleras, in the southern part of the Philippines, have lived in the mountains for
generations. In the past century, Cordilleras’ farmers began planting cash crops, including
vegetables, coffee and beans. Increasingly the people are moving to towns and cities because
they government are taking over their lands and allowing companies to build their industrial
plants there due to the major threats that the indigenous people face. The farmers in the
Philippines are suffering and this is due their competitiveness in selling crops to the market is
being eroded by foreign imports. In fact, vegetable prices in the Philippines are high. Consumers
in non-producing areas pay 50-100% more than what farmers usually receive.
Farmers receive 28% more than wholesale prices in surrounding countries. These results
are why vegetables are smuggled in the nation for vegetables have become a form of contraband.
These are the problems with developing countries is that they are very corrupt politically and
economically but it’s not the fault of globalization but it’s the whole nation is at fault. Overall,
the Philippines is a developing country that is bound to develop due to globalization. I believe
that globalization will make its impact in the Philippines because the whole society relies on
westernization due to globalization.
Globalization can make the Philippines into a better nation if the Philippine leaders to make their
economy more advance through global trading and allowing more foreign investors to the help
boost the economy. And by accomplishing those goals, the Philippines should be able to reduce
the poverty level as well as increase labor force for job opportunities for those that are in need
for a living. However, since the poverty level is still increasing, most Filipinos have managed to
find work overseas and they have managed to seek better living than in the Philippines. The most
effective factor in the Philippines is education. The society’s mentality is to be educated and it’s
with education that people in the nation see their opportunity for a better life in the future.
 The cultural aspect of globalization is something which attained global attention recently.
So I will be discussing about the cultural impact of globalization much broadly compared to the
other three. David Held and Anthony McGrew’s definition of globalization which denotes “ the
expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up and deepening impact of transcontinental
flows and patters of social interactions”. Another sociologist, Roland Robertson argues that an
interest in globalization arose from a division between sociology, which dealt with societies
comparatively, and international relations and political science which dealt with societies
interactively. Arjun Appadurai argued that globalization has produced complex interactions
between different cultures. He discusses about five ‘scapes’ which influence culture and argued
that these factors ensure cultural diversity and not cultural homogeneity or domination. The five
scapes are about the types of movements in the form of ethnoscapes, mediascapes, technoscapes,
financescapes and ideoscapes.

Ethnoscape refer to flows of people such as tourists and immigrants.

Technoscape include technology that crosses boundaries.
Financescapes refer to flows of currency markets.
Mediascapes refer to mass media technology and images.
Ideoscapes also refer to images but specifically to the political and ideological aspects.

Appadurai argues that the act of consumption represents a convergence of global and
cultural processes. He further added that what we have now is something beyond a consumer
revolution (revolution of consumption) in which consumption has become the principal work of
late industrial society. Today we see the availability of almost all kinds of goods and services in
anywhere in the world with respect to literature, cinema, music, food, clothing, accessories etc.
Western culture has diffused to all parts of the world to a considerable degree. Anyhow the
cultural transmission is not a one way process. The popularity of Islam and cuisines of Asian,
Latin American and African in western countries is an example of two way process.
The very concept of globalization is a major challenge for existing conception of world culture.
It is clearly been discussed by the political scientist Samuel P Huntington in his book ‘The Clash
of Civilizations and Remaking of the World Order’. According to him, the fundamental conflict
in the world will not be ideological or political. But the great divisions among humankind and
the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. He also argued that nation states will remain
the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur
between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate
global politics. He said, the fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.

When we talk about cultural globalization the role of media and communication is also
often discussed under this title. Globalization and communication are deeply tangled. There is a
common agreement among the scholars that practically, there would be no globalization without
media and communication. Media have a central place in globalization for three reasons.

Media corporations have increasingly globalized their operations

Global communication infrastructure facilitates global information flows.
Global media play a key role in how we view events across the world in developing
shared system of meaning.

The breaking up of space and time as a result of electronic media has a lot to do with the
global interaction regardless of the disparities. The contemporary method of communication was
altered by the new phenomena such as participatory journalism, online communities and
transnational activism organized through online networks. Globalization has resulted in a rapid
growth of social relations and social organizations on the internet. The emergence of new
communication through online has been influencing the minds and brains of people through
social networks, movies, blogs, online open debate forum etc. Thus mass media plays a larger
role in cultural diversity than in cultural standardization.
The emergence of an Americanized World is something that we saw with the growth of
globalization. A converging consumer behavior and tastes with the American model as a blue
print for global culture can be traced as one of the major impact of globalization on culture. The
emergence of English as the dominant language in business and academic works is another
example of how one culture can gain dominance in the world with power and legitimacy when
economic and political forces enable the spreading of cultures and values. Ulf Hannerz used the
term ‘creolization’ to symbolize the process of western cultures being transformed and re -
conceptualized outside the Western world.
 There are positive aspects for cultural globalization that will foster diversity when there is
an interaction between boundaries leads to mixing of culture which results in pluralization. There
is condensation and differentiation on ideas which brought many unique aspects of certain
culture into lime light. The concept of globalization has gained popularity which would help in
improving standards of life, without hampering the local tradition. Diversity itself has become a
global value now which is been promoted by international organizations and movements. Thus,
Globalization has got huge impacts on cultural sphere. There is no question on the forms of
ubiquitous, homogenous and hegemonic forms that spread through everyday life. However, there
are also important forms of reproduction, interconnection and time-space aspect of these cultures
and associated cultural practices.

Social Impacts of Globalization:

The combination of increasingly advanced technology and complex social structure
which were sustained by the ideas of change as desirable progress accelerated social change
being one of the major spheres of impacts of globalization. The social dimension of globalization
refers to the impact of globalization on the life and work of people, families and societies. There
are more social aspects for globalization beyond the employment, working dimensions, income,
social protection etc. the idea of social justice is been now been a distant dream to be
accomplished. The increased political and economic movement of globalization has left the
major aspect of society, i.e. people. The idea of social justice aims at creating a society based on
the idea of equality and solidarity, the values of human rights, the dignity of every human being.

When we talk about the gender aspect with reference to globalization, we can see
increased participation of women in all fields of life. But evidences prove that women still work
more as a casual labor. Though globalization has expanded women’s access to employment it
has not done much considerable to reduce the gender inequality. Also, due to the influence of
media and other socio-political- cultural aspects, the crimes against women have increased
considerably. Another major social aspect is that globalization ahs deeply influenced the social
structure of different societies. Every society used to have its own unique culture with respect to
the language, social norms, morality, civic sense etc. with the advent of media which has this
special capability to influence millions at the same time has challenged the social institutions of
the society mainly family. A particular society following their style of living without being much
influenced by the western culture is now seen as ‘uncivilized’ which was a very cunningly
designed propaganda of the west to inculcate their culture into the rest of the world and there by
dominating the globe. Globalization involves the process of stretching or extension and
intensification of human activities, relations and networks across globe. Since globalization is a
work in progress, the end result cannot be predicted. But it is obvious that globalization has a
major impact on social realm of society across the world.

In the Philippines, globalization has brought many job opportunities to all Filipino
people. The government encourages foreign companies to establish business and open many jobs
to Filipino worker even abroad. The impact of globalization helps the Philippines community to
be more aware of what happens to the Philippines, it also gives the idea to many Filipino people
to have more knowledge and information on the Philippines society. At present globalization is
more effective in the Philippines, it helps to improve the local and foreign companies, the
culture, the education, and the development of the economy. Globalization improves the flow of
information technology. When in terms of information technology of the Philippines it flows
very well and help the Filipino to have knowledge and updates about the latest technology that
all countries use. The impact of globalization in the Philippines technology brings more positive
effect because it helps to increase the economy of the Philippines. Because of the information
technology with the latest and modern use, it improves the flow of all company products and also
it minimizes the work of every Filipino.

In some area, if there is the advantage of globalization there is also a disadvantage of it.
Some of it is the distraction of the Philippines environment and the effect on human nature.
Filipino is talented and hardworking if one of each Filipino supports the government of the
Philippines we can be the number one of the richest country in Asia. But the effect of
globalization sometimes helps Filipino people to be lazy and not productive because of the
modern technology it has to give. Some effect of globalization to the Philippines is the lack of
Filipino traditions and values that most younger Filipino don’t appreciate and they don’t even
practice it to their daily life. They become more familiar with Western mentality than being a
pure Filipino. Because of the globalization, the effect of these to all Filipino people sometimes is
not good especially in the health of Filipino like the rapid spread of AIDS that mostly comes
from the outside the country. Filipino who has a sexual intercourse to a foreigner sometimes gets
this kind of disease it can spread fast to other people without their knowledge. Social media has
also a big side effect in the Philippines when it comes to cyber crimes and the increase of sex
videos. The standard of living of a Filipino has a negative effect because of the globalization.
Like some moral values that most Filipino has was forgotten. Some young Filipino is now
liberated like other countries in the way of their living. A lot of them especially those couples are
living in with marriage.

Globalization can help Filipino people to know the international status and rights of each
country nationwide. The Philippines are also been friendly to the foreign country and they now
stay connected in terms of exchange of product and some investment. Globalization has also a
big part in the improvement of local and social culture in the Philippines. It also connects
relationship in other countries through investments and some business opportunities. The impact
of globalization in the Philippines changes a lot in terms of the culture, values, and economy. It
also helps the improvement of infrastructure in the Philippines. It gives more opportunities to all
Filipino to work abroad and help each country to stay connected. Globalization has also helped
to let know the people about global warming, climate change, and the natural resources of the
Philippines. The effect of globalization can help a flexible communication and greater
understanding in terms of improvement and development of each country condition. It also helps
the local and international market to create flexible labor across the miles. Globalization affects
the international market and enhances economic growth.
When we talk about the gender aspect with reference to globalization, we can see
increased participation of women in all fields of life. But evidences prove that women still work
more as a casual labor. Though globalization has expanded women’s access to employment it
has not done much considerable to reduce the gender inequality. Also, due to the influence of
media and other socio-political- cultural aspects, the crimes against women have increased
considerably. Another major social aspect is that globalization has deeply influenced the social
structure of different societies. Every society used to have its own unique culture with respect to
the language, social norms, morality, civic sense etc. with the advent of media which has this
special capability to influence millions at the same time has challenged the social institutions of
the society mainly family. A particular society following their style of living without being much
influenced by the western culture is now seen as ‘uncivilized’ which was a very cunningly
designed propaganda of the west to inculcate their culture into the rest of the world and there by
dominating the globe.

Conclusion:
Globalization is the stage constituting the world economy as a whole, a process that
consists of open borders, the general trade and behaves several dimensions: political, economic,
spiritual, cultural, etc. Regarding the cultural aspect, globalization includes export and
imposition of cultural patterns and socio-economic Western, being defined as a new situation
that leads to a new planetary system characterized by a great ability to communicate and
exchange information on a global scale. In terms of preserving cultural identity values,
globalization has a decisive impact on crops; with the dominant culture tend to impose upon the
other, resulting in a homogenization process, the intensity of which is given each country's
economic power. Mass culture, well-known symbols (McDonald's, Coca-Cola, etc.) Acquire
planetary dimensions, becoming a subculture of all, embraced particularly by young people.
The Philippines, in its desire for development, embraced the World Trade Organization and its
magic call for open markets and trade liberalization. However, we have fallen prey to the
system’s more “deleterious effects” the widening of income gaps among countries and the
displacement of developing countries in the global market.

Globalization has created winners and losers mostly in the developing countries, like the
Philippines. The importation of foreign goods has changed the consumption patterns of the
Filipinos creating the massive problem of solid wastes. The shift from traditional agriculture to
export products and the fast tracking of industrial and energy development have affected our
social, economic, and physical environments. From a food sufficient country in the early sixties,
the Philippines has been transformed into a grains-deficit country, particularly in the last two
decades as transnational corporations and big agribusinesses for export products have taken over
the agricultural sector. Lack of employment in the country has also forced quite a number of our
people, both men and women, to leave their families and work abroad.

The most visible, the most acute conflicts, in a multitude of forms and actions are cultural
conflicts. From simple customs to sophisticated artistic expressions, the culture specific to a
human group made the difference between the reach of the action and thinking model of that
group and the rest of the world. It is about the way of living and as it is considered that the rights
and liberties of each human being must be respected, in the same way. The specific cultures of
human groups, however small or different they are, have the right to exist, making up mankind in
all its diversity. All cultural differences make up the huge, inexhaustible spiritual and creativity
resource of humankind. It is more difficult to find the ways through which diversity would not
fuel conflicts but would define the harmony of the human existence. An easy observation is that
as the regulations regarding the production and trade of material goods is relaxed and
harmonized, the regulations regarding immaterial values are multiplied and becoming more
rigid. The conventions and laws regarding copyright and its use are currently the battleground of
larger and smaller powers, a general interest area which is related more to refractivity than
expansion.
Each part of the global game tries to protect its own values, which are related firstly to
creation and secondly to production. The technological revolution transformed production,
something that belonged to developed countries, into an activity available for almost any nation,
the production means becoming the vectors of globalization.
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