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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BENIGNO “NINOY” S. AQUINO HIGH SCHOOL

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

In Bread and Pastry Industry, there are many causes of tardiness like any physical

movement but, we have to be hardworking to have a good place in this industry. The

student was stunned because he did not have the passion and priority for what took so

he was not happy, and it was a source of reason why he did not gave his best shot. He

got it maybe by his parents forced him or they have a financial in money so therefore

he complied to take this kind of work. Another reason is the personal treats of people

around him so he affects everything happening in his life. He chooses to be lazy

because no one is motivating to do the things he needs to do.

In this study, the tardiness implied a situation where an individual is

coming, occurring, remaining after correct, usual or expected time. Thus, the term

“class tardiness” has been defined as students not attending their lecture on time and

primarily not being present in the time set. One of the major reason of lateness is going

to bed late because it could result it waking up late, and insufficient rest for the next

lecture on the next day. Many researchers have indicated that class tardiness is a serious

issue.
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The amount of time spent in the classroom is crucial element of students’ academic

excellence. Students who possess regular attendances to school tend to achieve higher

grades compared to those students who are

frequently absent. Students are forced to abstain from the chances to learn. The learning

of students who go to class on time is also regularly interrupted by tardy or frequently

absent students who cause class disruptions and intervene with other students’ chances

to learn.
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Background of the Study

To understand why the secondary school student is chronically tardy, we must

understand what the student is experiencing or expressing by performing the tardy

behavior. According to some theorists, the behavior could be conditioned upon stimuli

prior to or resulting from the behavior, while others may suggest that it is based upon

a lack of sleep, anxiety, low self-esteem or even depression. There are many theorists

with several varying theories. A few are discussed here.

There have been some theories that pointed out that tardiness is caused by the

personality of a person. Santillano (2010) stated that psychological theorists considered

some “personality traits, including low self-esteem and anxiety” as triggering factors

of tardiness. She also mentioned that while some theorists considered tardiness as an

“inborn quality” since our being early or late is “partially biologically determined”,

which she also agreed, other experts also believed that some people are “chronically

tardy” for the reason that they consciously and unconsciously get good things from it.

In the book cited by Santillano, “Never be late again: 7 cures for the punctually

challenged”, the author Diana DeLonzor suggested that some personality traits could

most likely lead to a person being often late. Some of the traits included were

“struggling with self control”, “feeling

nervous or uncomfortable with social situations” and “getting distracted easily”.

Santillano also discussed about the study conducted by DeLonzor at San Francisco

State University in 1997 in which she surveyed 225 respondents about their habits that
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makes them late from their appointments. It was also a test on the personalities of the

respondents that affect their habits. According to the results of DeLonzor’s study, those

respondents that were often tardy apt to be anxious and gets distracted easily. In a recent

article by Michele Novotni, she writes that people with ADHD are often running late

because of poor time management. They are often distracted and scrambling at the last

minute to find things like keys, cell phones, or finishing last second tasks. Students

with this disorder may be trying to desperately gather notebooks and things from their

lockers during the passing period without realizing that they are late.

Nakpodia and Dafiaghor attribute lateness or tardiness to a lot of factors or

causes. Going late to bed and waking up late next morning are the most common. The

authors added film-watching late at night as a cause for tardiness. The student may

forget that he/she needs to be in school the next day. The distance between the student’s

home and school or solely the school’s location is also considered by Nakpodia and

Dafiaghor as a possible cause for tardiness. Not just because it takes more time to get

to school, but according to the authors, the student is susceptible to more distractions

and hindrances along the way. Parent’s untimely tasks and commands are also reasons

that students come late to school. Habitual tardiness can also be learned from other

members of the family, especially from the older ones. Lack of a firm and consistent

policy on punctuality also encourages students to come late to school since there are

no consequences attached to lateness or tardiness. These causes of tardiness will lead

to serious effects.
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Another study was conducted by Enamiroro Oghuvbu in Nigeria. The objective

of the study was to determine the causes of the absenteeism and lateness among the

secondary students in Nigeria and to seek for solutions to the growing problem.

According to Oghuvbu (2008), female students are more likely to be late than male

students because of “their involvement in domestic activities by their parents” (para 7).

Also, as cited by Oghuvbu, “distance to school, school discipline, family background

and school location” (Emore, 2005) are some of the common causes for the tardiness

of the secondary students. Oghuvbu collected the data from a sample size of 17, 417

Nigerian respondents from 2005-2006. The sample was made up of 20 principals and

50 each from a set of teachers, parents and students. The means of collecting data was

through a thirty-item questionnaire answerable by either strongly agree (SA), agreed

(A), disagree (D), and strongly disagreed (SD). The questionnaire had four questions,

one of which was about the causes of lateness among the secondary students of Nigeria.

The study revealed that the causes of lateness among the secondary students in Nigeria

were “going late to bed because of watching films and home movies, resulting in

waking up late in the morning, distance to school and keeping friends who are not

students” (Oghuvbu, 2008). These results were consistent with the results of

Oghuvbu’s referenced studies which proves that tardiness among students has been a

growing problem and that it is caused, not just because of the students, but also because

of the lack of imposing discipline from the parents.

Sometimes, it is not solely the students’ fault for the chronic behavior. Another

factor that could affect the punctuality of a student is the response of the teachers to
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tardy students. Sprick and Daniels (2007) stated that the range of the teachers’ response

was “from ignoring them to sending them to office” (p. 21). This variation could lead

the students to confusion as to how important it is to be on time in going to class.

Another reason is the lack of motivation. Students who come to school on time are not

given incentives or rewards. Also, responses to tardiness are lenient, that is, nothing is

done until the tenth strike or more. Another reason is “giving the student the impression

that they won’t be missing anything if they are late” since in some classes, no important

activities or instructions and no lessons are being done for first few minutes. Lastly,

crowded hallways could create traffic, thus blocking the way of other students and

making it hard for them to pass through.

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Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 The Study  Daily  It enhance
of the Activity in a their critical
Cause of creative way thinking
every  They become
Students’ innovated
Tardiness

The Figure 1 above shows the Conceptual Framework of the Study as if it

describes the outputs above the Framework.

The figure above shows and describes the causes of the students' tardiness in the

class in bread and pastry subject. It started by knowing the reason behind why other

students become tardy in their class. It is important to know the reasons so that we don't

misinterpret them. After knowing the reasons on why they become tardy in attending

their class, we should create a daily activity that will fit to those reasons and that they'll

enjoy inside the class. Having those creative activities, they'll become more interested

in attending their class. Those activities have a connection in their study or lesson inside

the class. It will help you to get more information that you're going to use for your

education in bread and pastry subject. The ability of having a daily activity inside their

class, it enhances their critical thinking in a creative way. It helps them to become more

imaginative. Because of the daily activities that they have in the bread and pastry class,

their imaginations become wider and it has good outcomes that may be the reason for

them to be not tardy in coming to class. Because of the good results, they're having

chances in showing and doing the skills they have and they're more energetic in

attending classes.
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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the causes of tardiness among Grade 10 Students

of Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino High School. This problem had accumulated from

tolerable to habitual state and it has a significant impact in their performance at school.

Most of the causes of tardiness had been believed to be influenced by their peers and

will be embedded in their mind pattern until college and ultimately to their vocation

and their adventures in life. Other students had just the difficulty in optimizing their

time as their subject related activities grows in bulk. Reported incidents on online

games cyber addiction were prominent and this usually happens after lunch break, thus

they are late in their TVE classes. To figure it out, students set aside their precedence

to study and learn thus the proponent of this research had to find out. Moreover, the

researcher’s intention is to isolate the primary reason of tardiness and proactive

intervention will be implemented to curtail if it will not utterly do away with the

quandaries. This study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What mode of transportation does the student use to avoid

tardiness?

2. What is the distance between residence and school?

3. Does the student has family values on punctuality?

4. Is financial constraints or standard of living the cause of their

tardiness?

5. Does the medium communication affect the behavior of the

students?
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Hypotheses

Alternative Hypothesis: There is significant difference between the causes of

tardiness in the academic performance of Grade 10 students of BNAHS.

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the causes of

tardiness in the academic performance of Grade 10 students of BNAHS

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Significance of the Study

This study will benefited by the following person or group of persons:

Students- It will serve as their guide to improve their performance in order to

have good grades and to have good results after baking.

Researchers- They can use it as a source of information about the causes of

tardiness in their academic performance of the students. It will also provide the

information in doing their research that was connected to their specialization and its

impact in the academic performance.

Faculty- It will serve as their handouts and basis in monitoring their students’

academic performance
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Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will be conducted within the class of Grade 10 students. This group of

student belongs to Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino High School, was also under the survey

questions will be delimited to obtaining primary and secondary reasons of tardiness as

well as related factors underlying therewith.

Information acquired and provided by the students will be used to confirm or

negate the feasible causes which were earlier stated.

The researcher will use a sampling method with inquiries which is not

answerable by yes or no. The researcher arbitrarily selects this group of students for

they well represent a typical student which his/her primary aim is to learn and excel in

school. Moreover, the problem on tardiness was very observable in this group of

students while they are supposedly being a model to other students.

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Definition of Terms

Academic Performance- Performance of the student on how they will meet the

standard set out by local government in the field of education.

Attendance- Being present in tve class at school

Daily Activity- Exercises or some games that has a connect to their study or

lesson.

Imaginative- It enhances their creativeness in their activity inside their class.

Lateness- Implies in a situation where an individual arrives after the proper

scheduled or usual time.

Specialization- Inclination of the student in a certain area or in a particular area.

Students- Grade 10 students of Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino High School

Tardiness- Implies a situation where an individual is late in happening or

arriving. Implies arriving the expected, arranged or usual time.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter includes the review of related literatures and studies which the

researcher had pursued to shed light on the topic under study.

GRADE 10 STUDENTS OF BNAHS

Santillano (2010), stated that physchological theorists

considered some “personality traits, incuding low self-esteem an axiety” as triggering

factors of tardiness. Some of traits included were “struggling with self-control”

“feeling nervous or uncomfortable with social situations’ and getting distracted easily”.
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TRANSPORTATION

Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2008) stated that the possible

causes of tardiness is the distance between the student’s home and school for solely the

school’s location is also considered. Not just because it takes more time to get to school,

but according to the authors, the student this susceptible to move distractions and

hindrance along the way.

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LACK OF MOTIVATION

Sprick and Daniels (2007) that the another reason is lack

of motivation. Students who come to school on time are not given incentives or

rewards. Also, responses to tardiness are lenient, that is nothing is done until the tenth

strike or more.
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EFFECTS OF BEING TARDY INSIDE THE WORKPLACE

Dana Severson (2005) stated that tardiness also has a way

of ending morale. Some of them are forced to accommodate to a late colleague’s

schedule, creating a lot of unnecessary work and frustration. If someone fails to show

up to a meeting on time, the burden is placed on the punctual to help the dawdler, and

information is then repeated so everyone is up to speed, which can lead to animosity.

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SYNTHESIS

In the study it only focus on the tardiness of the students

in BNAHS in Bread and Pastry subject, that regards to the distance of the school, school

discipline and their family background. it also pertains not just because it takes more

time to get to school, but according to the authors Nakpodia and Dafiahor that the

students is susceptible to more distractions and hindrance along the way. Lack of firm

and consistant policy on punctuality also encourages students to come late to school

since there are no consequences attached to lateness or tardiness. These causes of

tardiness will lead to serious effect.

Tardiness is a problem which causes administrative

concern and may be impacted by several sources. According to Stutman (1985),

problems in the family can be carried from one generation to another, and that means

that tardiness in one child can appear in others.

While Julius and Zelda Segal (1986) states that children

usually imitate the value system of their parents, children however, from environment

without adequate stability usually relate themselves with any peer group that will

accept them.
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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, research locale,

population and sampling technique, research instruments, data gathering procedures

and data analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study is a descriptive type of research, the purpose of

study was to examine the extent to which of the following factors may differ between

chronically tardy and non-tardy students. This study was aimed to determine the causes

of tardiness of Grade 10 students of BNAHS. In this study, the tardiness implies a

situation where an individual is coming, occurring, remaining after correct, usual or

expected time. This problem had accumulated from tolerable to habitual state and it

has significant impact in their performance at school.

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RESEARCH LOCALE

The study will be conducted at Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino

High School, it envisions students with high academic performance, technologically

competent, physically fit, environmentally friendly, morally and discipline citizens of

the society. The Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino High School is very interesting because of

their curricular activities. The school implemented two sets of curriculums under the

direct supervision of Technical Educational Skill Development Authority (TESDA)

and Department of Education (DepEd) namely Vocational and Technical Education

(TVE) and Basic Education Curriculum (BEC), they made students engage in

disciplinary actions. It also supports k-12 program with positive outlooks in bring

change to education system of our country.

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POPULATION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The population for this study would be grade 10 bread and

pastry students of BNAHS. One tve class was selected from a group of tve class on

each grade 10 major in bread and pastry. Chronically tardy and non-tardy participants

were identified from school attendance and records. And they were selected from their

tve class.
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RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

This instrument was designed by the researcher to collect

demographic data such as: gender of students, student’s attendance, and student’s final

grade.

Table 1: Attendance Sheet (As of January 2018)

No. of Students Chronically Tardy Non-Tardy

B-22 1 21

G-21 4 17

T-43 5 37

Table 2: Class Record (Final Grade 3rd Quarter)

No. of Students Chronically Tardy Non-Tardy

B-22 15 7

G-21 12 9

T-43 27 16

The School Environment is divided into three sections.

The sections are: gender of students, student’s attendance, and student’s grade. The

demographic section was designed to display the similarities of participants in this

study.
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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

This study needs basic procedures in gathering data about

the Causes of Tardiness of Grade 10 Students of Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino High School

in Bread and Pastry subject:

1. Permit to conduct the research, it is important to have the authority to conduct the

data. The name of the participants was not revealed during the study.

2. Teacher of the participants were asked about their performance.

3. The participants were identified as chronically tardy or non-tardy based on their

class attendance and final grade.

4. The school or class attendance and final grade was approved by their teacher and

utilized as data.
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DATA ANALYSIS

The attendance sheet and final grade of the student/s will be analyzed and

listed in the next chapter. The attendance sheet and final grade will be showed in the

research serve as the collected data used and interpreted for the next chapter. It will be

supported by explanations that strengthen the answers of the respondents.