BASIC INTELLIGENCE

•Ancient Leaders
•Intelligence- ability to adapt to the •Alexander the Great – letter sorting and
environment to survive opening to obtain information
•Intelligence- product from collection, •Gen Romano Q Sertorious- Spain Roman
evaluation, analysis, integration, and Commander credited intelligence information
interpretation of available information; to the supernatural power
processed information •Akbar The Great Mogul, Hindustan- 4,000
•Criminal intelligence- end product of an agents to bring him the truth that throne
analytic process which collects and assesses might rest upon him.
information about crimes •Genghis Khan–spies to conquer China;
•As a process-processed information as basis spreading rumors of Mongol Terror disguised
for departmental policy & decision making as merchants
•Is a product-collection, evaluation, and •Napoleon Bonaparte- One Spy in the right
interpretation of all available information place is worth 20,000 men in the field.
which concerns police operation; police •Louse XIV – systematized political policy,
planning. continuous surveillance, postal censorship
•As an organization- institution of persons and military Intelligence
with special kind of knowledge •French Intelligence System since 15th CE
•As a network- establishing strong •Frederick the Great- Father of Organized
relationship with other people & agencies Military Espionage
•As a craft- skill acquired through experience
•As a technical profession- NUMBER 13:17 •Intelligence Organization
•FBI- established 1908
Levels of Intelligence Work >first director J. Edgar Hoover in 1924.
•Frontline officer –collection >September 6, 1939 by a presidential
•Intelligence Analyst –processing; think tan directive; domestic intelligence
•Intelligence Manager –management of CIA – Activated,National Security Act 1947
intelligence unit KGB – Komitet Gosudarstvennoy
Bezopasnosti (Russia)
•History of Intelligence KCIA –(korea) Korean Central Agency
-desire for advance information; instinct for •Red Gestapo - east Germany
survival. •BND- Bundes Nachrichten Dienst (Federal
Intelligence of West Germany)
•Biblical Period •SIS (British)Secret Intelligence Service
•Judges 16: 1-19 Delilah: impromptu •MI6 British Secret Service (a.k.a Box 850)
intelligence agent; sex to gain intelligence •MI5 British Military Intelligence Service
•Joshua 2: 1-21- Rahab, Harlot of Israel;
concealed the agents of Israel National Intelligence Coordinating Agency
•400 B.C.- East was ahead of the west in (NICA)
intelligence (Pambansang Sangay para sa Pagsasamang
•Sun Tzu: “The Art of War”-favorite readings Kaalaman) (PSPK)
of Mao Tse Tung -primary intelligence gathering and analysis
•Foreknowledge- from men who knew the arm of the Philippine government
enemy -carrying out overt, covert, and clandestine
intelligence programs.
•Parlance MOTTO: Ang Karunungan ay Kaligtasan
•“ If you know the enemy and know yourself,
you need not fear the results of a hundred •led by Director-General (reports directly to
battles” the President.);
•“If you know yourself and not the enemy, for >assisted by Deputy Dir-General.
every victory you suffer defeat” >Present HQ: Quezon City
•“If you know neither yourself nor the enemy >Trifonio Salazar : current Dir Gen of NICA
you are a fool who will meet defeat in wvery •National Intelligence Board-advisory board
battle” to the Dir-General before he submits his
findings to the President •Administrative Order No. 2 (Jan. 27, 2002)
•NICA under administrative supervision and
•History of NICA (1949); EO 235 control of the Dir. General, Nat Sec Council.
-President Elpidio Quirino
-with intelligence work added by Government •EO No. 69 (Jan. 27, 2002), amending EO 246
Survey and Reorganization Commission in -reorganized NICA and authorized to lead the
1954 intelligence organization

-abolished on September 16, 1972 by •Administrative Order No. 68 (April 8,2003)

President Ferdinand Marcos PD 51; •strengthened NICA’s role to act as the
- replaced by the National Intelligence and principal adviser to the President on
Security Authority (NISA) intelligence
>headed by General Fabian Ver
- track down & eliminate anti-Marcos •History of Police Intelligence Service
opponents
-one of main government organizations •No official record of specific beginning due to
accused of human rights abuses convolution of Police and Military Intelligence
•Philippine Police “Manila Police Battalion” on
•After EDSA 1: NICA in 1987 January 1,1901 later become the Manila Police
>merged with the Civil Intelligence and Department;
Security Agency >12 years later: Secret Service Division
>tackling the communist movement; resulted -established as major component of Police
in their weakening in the late 1990s. Force and was called “Sekretas”

•1990: National Security Advisor • 1970s- PC Intelligence Community

>oversee control of the agency -campaign against subversion & insurgency
>respond to needs of the president and the >neutralization of:
National Security Council. -Jose Maria Sison Amado Guerrero
-Bernabe Buscayno alias Commander Dante.
•Current Tasks >placed the Communist Party of the
•EO 492; February 1, 2006 Philippines (CPP) and the New People's Army
>NICA activate the National Maritime Aerial (NPA) in a state of disarray.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Center or
NMARSC. •11 May 1978, President Ferdinand E. Marcos,
-primary IMINT provider for the Philippine through LOI 89: Regionalization of PC/INP.
intelligence community. >Intelligence set-up per Regional Command
-operate unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs
for imagery intelligence demands of -unified intelligence organization, like HPC
government agencies. separate unit, was created—Constabulary
Security Group (CSG)
•Current Tasks -Philippine Constabulary (PC) maintains an
•Philippines' Anti-Terrorism Council, to set intelligence organization, coordinated by the
guidelines in proposed Anti-Terrorism Law, intelligence division of General HQ, AFP.
Human Security Act signed by PGMA
•2005: two directorates • C2 Division
>economic intelligence & counterintelligence >intelligence division of PC
>one of the eight (8) general staffs of HPC had
•Legal Basis functional supervision over the intelligence
•Executive Order No. 235 (July 7, 1949) divisions of thirteen (13) regional commands
•created (NISA) to coordinate the intelligence
collection activities of government agencies •PC's assumption of the responsibility on anti-
dissident campaign; January 1956
•Executive Order No. 246 (July 24, 1987) >responsible to the Chief of
created the (NICA) to replace (NISA) and the Constabulary/Director General, Integrated
Civil Intelligence and Security Agency (CISA) National Police for all intelligence and
counter-intelligence activities of the PC/INP •VISION 78
The Directorate is committed to contribute to
C2 division the transformation of the PNP into a
>under Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence professional and dynamic organization,
>C2 had lateral coordination with the recognized as one of the best in Asia.
intelligence units of the major services and
the Civilian Intelligence agencies MISSION
>C2 operationally supported the units of the To assist the Chief, PNP in attaining
PC and (13) Regional Intelligence units intelligence objectives thru the effective
including intelligence units of the PC Capcom. management of all intelligence and counter
intelligence activities of the PNP.
>January 1, 1991 of RA 6975
(Reorganized Department of the Interior and INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM THRUSTS
Local Government Act of 1990) • Crime Prevention
>establishment of a single and unified police • Effective Law Enforcement
force national in scope, under the control and • Counterintelligence Activities
supervision of the National Police Commission • Support to Internal Security Operations
• Enhancement of Overall Intelligence
•Philippine Constabulary was dissolved Efficiency and Capability
>Philippine National Police (PNP)
-composed of the police forces in the •FUNCTIONS OF THE DIRECTORATE FOR
Integrated National Police (INP) pursuant to INTELLIGENCE
Presidential Decree 765 and the officers and 1.Determines PNP foreign intelligence
enlisted personnel of the PC. objectives and prepares and implements plans
for its attainment
Directorate for Intelligence (Dl), formerly C2 2.Directs and controls the PNP foreign
-headed by a Police Director intelligence efforts through the effective
>Mission: assist Chief, PNP in attaining management of the PNP attaché systems,
intelligence objectives through the effective including the selection and projection of PNP
management of all intelligence and counter- personnel for foreign intelligence
intelligence activities of the PNP. assignments.
3.Serves as the initial point of contact with
Sec. 29: PNP is organized foreigners having official dealings/
>head: Chief with the rank, Director General transactions with the PNP.
>assisted by two (2) deputy chiefs with the 4. Develops and maintains an integrated
rank of Deputy Director General, one for computerized intelligence system in support
administration (2nd), and operation (3rd) of PNP intelligence information requirements
>has different directorial staffs, headed by the and provides electronic data processing
Chief of the Directorial Staffs. services for the PNP intelligence community.
5. Represents the Chief, PNP as directed on
>Directorate for Intelligence is under the intelligence mailers with government
direction and control of the Chief. PNP departments/agencies and with
>under the administration and operational representatives of foreign governments.
supervision of the Deputy Chief for 6. Provides general and special training on
Operations, PNP. police intelligence in support of the
>exercises functional supervision over PNP requirements of the PNP and other
Intelligence Group and Police Security and government agencies. 7. Performs such other
Protection Office functions as the Chief, PNP may direct.
>coordinative authority, professional
cooperation and technical supervision over Function of Criminal Intelligence Unit
the Regional Police intelligence offices and >Obtain and integrate information into a
PNP support and separate intelligence units logical case file or description of crime trends.
(NSUs). >Identify crimes and crime trends
>Identifying criminals
>Develop cases for prosecution in court
>Provide support to investigators upon national interest; collected by the
>Project crime trends for planning and law different government department and
enforcement resources allocation. agencies.
To serve all branches of the government.
Basic Intelligence Principle To collect supplemental information at its
own instances or at the request of any
Intelligence & Operation are governmental agency and official
interdependent- personnel involved are To integrate, analyze, process and disseminate
prone to burn out or exposure which may authorized governmental agencies and
affect their mission officials in the form of report or strategic
Intelligence operation are influenced by interpretative studies.
environment.- limitation imposed by
national policy or higher command; some Purpose of Intelligence
needs are from overlapping areas. -Anticipate threats
Intelligence operation requires -Seek opportunities
imagination and foresight.- use resources to
see future intelligence needs. Prediction must Axiom- a rule or principle that many people
be base on indicators. accept as true; Mathematicians refer to
Intelligence must be useful.- determine the established proofs.
required information to develop inference for
an appropriate decision making Axioms of Intelligence
Intelligence must be available on time.- Intelligence is command responsibility.
reaches the user on time Intelligence is responsibility of all government
Intelligence operation must be flexible.- agencies.
based on reason and judgement and not on Intelligence of the government must be
fixed procedure. superior to enemy.
Intelligence requires constant security Intelligence is crucial to internal security
measure.- deny unauthorized personnel
information about operation, sources of Axiom-
information and the intelligence product. Areas of Interest for Police Intelligence:
Intelligence is a continuous activity.- follow Organized Crime and racketeering
a simple continues cycle, for the refinement of Terrorist Activities
information; continuous and must be adapted Subversive activities
in changing condition. Commercialized vices
Intelligence requires careful and thorough Police Integrity
planning. -anticipation of intelligence needs, Corruption in public office
organization to fulfill, needs and supervision Industrial and labor disputes
of the operation. Minority group tension
Intelligence must be pertinent. -adapted to
the need in a decision guided by knowledge Major Categories of Intelligence
and action. Tactical/Combat Intelligence – planning of the
conduct of operation; population; weather;
Basic Function of Intelligence enemy; terrain required by field commanders.
-collection and procurement of information. Strategic intelligence – formulation of policies
-evaluation of the information and plans at the national and international
-dissemination of intelligence to those who level.
need it. Counter Intelligence- offensive; to destroy or
neutralize the effectiveness of adverse enemy
Counter intelligence – concealment and espionage, subversion, sabotage, and
protection of one’s information from the terrorism.(Molto)
adversary intelligence operation; defensive
function of intelligence Broad Categories of Intelligence
Tactical/Combat Intelligence
(Strategic Intelligence) Strategic intelligence
To procure and obtain information which bear Counter Intelligence
 •Determine the collection agencies
Fundamental Types of Criminal Intelligence
Tactical intelligence- development of •2. Collection of information
criminal cases; continuing criminal enterprise •systematic exploitation of sources of
investigations information by collection agencies and the
delivery of the information obtained
Source of Information for Tactical
Intelligence •Information Collection Activities:
-developed, intentionally or not, by the •Routing patrols
investigator during investigative efforts or •Criminal Investigations
through informants. •Surveillance
-personal or professional relationships with •Search and seizures
other departmental, government or private •Investigation
sector personnel. •Checkpoints
-Cold calls, by the investigator, to other law •Use of informants
enforcement or military organizations. •Cordon and search
-official request for information by the •Interrogations
investigator to intelligence resources within •Interview and elicitation
the chain of command, for specific
intelligence. •Four (4) criteria in Proper Selection of
Collection Agencies/individuals
Operational intelligence-investigative •Capability – physically capable
intelligence; organized information on active •Suitability – consistent with primary mission
or potential target; application of organized •Multiplicity – evaluation of information thru
intelligence for enforcement action. comparison with other intelligence units.
•Balance – Collection of workload based on
Strategic intelligence- evaluation of crime division of labor, not overload.
patterns and crime trends
•Sources of Information:
The Intelligence Cycle
Planning and supervision – continuous in all Human Intelligence (HUMINT)
the phases •PNP/AFP personnel
Directing – determine the intelligence •Civil Government Agencies
requirement, priority, indicators, formulation •Specialized Staff
of specific orders/request, and selection of •Informers/Agents
collecting agency
Collection – a systematic extraction of Signal Intelligence (SIGNIT)
information from different sources such as •Morse code
HUMINT, COMINT, ELINT, SIGINT, or IMINT. •Radio and Telephone Signal
Processing- recording, evaluation , •Sources of Information:
integration, and interpretation of collected
information. Communication Intelligence (COMINT)
Dissemination and Use – relaying •Cipher and Cryptograph
intelligence thru personal contacts, messages, •Verbal and nonverbal Communication
or formal intelligence documents (DIBs, WIRs, •Written Reports
PACREPS, intelligence estimate, intelligence
study), the timeliness observed Electronics Intelligence (ELINT)
•Radar and other detecting devices
•Intelligence Process •Photography
•Microphones
•1. Planning the Collection Effort •Tape recorders
•Determination of Intelligence Requirements, •Computers
Priorities
• Determination of intelligence specific orders Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)
or requirements of Intelligence indicators •Maps
•Photographs/Pictures
•Sketches/Drawing
•Sculpture

•Types of sources of information

a. Open sources - obtained without resorting
to special effort or clandestine operation.
b. Non-open sources- not obtained openly as
described above.

• Kinds of Informants
§ Confidential
§Voluntary
§Involuntary
§Special
§ Anonymous
•
•3. Processing of Information
• Recording - reduction of information to
writing or graphical representation and the
arranging of information into related items.

•Means of recording information:

1. Intelligence Journal
2. Intelligence Workbook
3. Situation Map
4. Watch Lists/Order of Battle Records/Target
List
5. Coordinate Register
6. Identification Files •Sources of Information
T -Direct observation by the commander of a
•Evaluation unit
-determine accuracy of the information; U -Report by a penetration agent or resident
determine information relative to the person agent
or agency, and accuracy of the information. V- Report by an AFP trooper or PNP personnel
•Pertinence-determination who needs it, by in encounter or operation\
whom and when W- Interrogation of a captured enemy agent
•Reliability - determine sources of or foreigner
information by which it was collected and X - Observation by a government or civilian
evaluated. employee or official
•Accuracy - probable truth of the Y- Observation by a member of a populace
information. Z - Documentary

•EVALUATION OF SOURCES AND •Interpretation Analysis

INFORMATION -determine significance of the information and
Three fundamental principles apply to drawing deductions about the meaning of the
evaluation: evaluated information.
1.Not influenced by personal feelings but
based on professional judgement. •Activities involved in Interpretation of
2. Evaluation of source made separately to the Information:
information. •Assessment-sifting and sorting of evaluated
3. Evaluation carried out as close to the source information to isolate insignificant elements
as possible. with respect to the mission and operation of
the unit.
•Integration-combination of elements
isolated in analysis with other known •Observation and Description (ODEX)
information to form a logical picture on •Observation – “seeing and noting.”; hear ,see
hypothesis on an enemy activities or influence or perceive an object or event.
of operations; area characteristics on the •Description – repeating/reporting what is
mission of the unit. noticed or observed
• Deduction-designed to answer the question
"what does this information mean in relation •General Consideration: ODEX
to the enemy situation, weather and area of -basic intelligence and investigative
operation? requirements
-mandatory requirement
•4. Dissemination and use of information •Normal intelligence can achieve it as long
Consideration that he has determination to do it.
(a) Timeliness
(b) Propriety Rules that help to predict what gain attention
and what will hold it;
Methods of Dissemination •Intensity – change is the stimulus for person
•Personal Contact - conferences, briefings, still hold
person to person exchanges •Novelty – less important; losses its
• Messages - couriers, secure electronic means effectiveness as its grows older. Strange object
• Intelligence Documents among familiar ones
•Intelligence Reports •Motivating Factors within the individual- as
•Intelligence Summaries powerful selection agent in perception.( Sex,
•Imagery Interpretation Report food, water, parental love, especially in times
•Document Analysis Reports of deprivation may be a very real controlling
•Periodic Intelligence Report factor.
•Debriefing Reports •Selection-particular stimulus plays in the
•Technical Intelligence Report whole pattern of perception.
•Special Studies •Repetition – Stimuli helps in several way to
•Watch list and Target list evoke things.
•PACREP for Intelligence •Intention-rehearsal as expected experience.
•JAPIC OB Report When the Experience comes it is like meeting
•Intelligence Estimate an old friend.

•Dissemination •Requirement in observation and

-determining whether and to whom you will description
disseminate the finished intelligence product. •Interest
•Cultivation of memory
•Right To Know •Stimulation of senses
•authority to receive and possess the •Training and more training
information
•Specific law enforcement concern or •Process Involved in observation and
operation; share that information with those description
agencies and individuals. •Attention – one is brought to the presence
facts.
•Need To Know •Perception – comprehends and understand
-applies to individuals within your agency as the facts.
well as outside agencies; not sharing •Report – report it.
intelligence data with others to the detriment
of the investigation or general public safety. •Types of Observation
•Objective – observe a person, place or thing.
•Authority to Release •Subjective – detect the fact that he is being
-regulated in the releases of sensitive observed.
information. •
•prescribe a chain of authority •Types of Attention
•Involuntary attention – no effort, no control
•Voluntary attention – all efforts, minimum because avid interest or superior mental
control discipline, exercised over a long period of
•Habitual attention – minimum effort, time, has developed individual’s ability to
maximum control concentrate to a high degree in a given activity
• or subject.
•Factors of advantage in gaining attention •Habitual attention is often developed in an
•Size 4. Interest advance scholar whose interest in his subject
•Shape 5. Repetition overcome distraction and even organic
•Color 6. Organic condition of the conditions detrimental to his attention. Such
person attention is usually present when an
• individual is keenly interested in the facts to
•Perception depends upon the individual or which his attention has been drawn.
the subjects;
•Ability •Factors Which Influence Attention
•Knowledge •Size: important if great enough to make
•Background immediate identification possible.
•Understanding •Change- in the varied condition will affect
•Familiarity (perception) attention
•Mental Ability •Interest- in the fact to which his attention
•Educational background was drawn will provide with an attention of
the extent of the individual’s attention to the
•Functioning of Senses in Observation fact and concurrent facts
-accuracy of observation depend upon the Organic condition- both in general and with
senses employed reference to the particular sense employed in
determination of the accuracy of observation
•Sight-does not usually involve a detailed Suggestion- factor, important in perception,
analysis of the shape and color of the object. also to influence attention
•Hearing-unclear and subjective; difficult to •Repetition- of a statement or action; exert
estimate distances if cause of sound is stronger pull on the attention
unknown •Striking power- “The Unusual”
-direction of sound: seldom determine
-sound heard is compared with sound Memory Training
pictures which witness already possess, or 1. Good Memory in individuals is
more complicated words of forming visions indispensable to intel
which correspond undertaken. 2. production of intelligence
-listener does not register a long series of 3. one who does not possess ability
sounds but reconstruct the talk from separate meets disasters, embarrassment and losses
sound fragments and fills the gaps with the time and effort
aid of his power combination.
•Touch-very slightly developed; limited 4 Phases:
medium of perception. >Impression- where we apply the rules; from
•Smell- possible to experience without the this, all other processes will easily follow
presence of an odor. >Retention-
•Taste- unreliable; individual, easily replaced • Theory of Advance Psychologist: at
by the observer conception which he time of impression, modification in nerve cells
experienced. were set
• Nerve Modifiability: Greater retention
•Analysis of Attention (3 Parts) power; Good memory is due to inheritance of
•Involuntary attention – aware without any such trait
conscious effort or control • Proper conditions of impressions and
•Voluntary Attention – conscious effort to how much can be donate overcome and affect
bring the individual into, and return him in, innate difficulty
the presence of a fact; needs a little control of >Recall-by the mystics
this type -material is impressed and retained
•Habitual attention – requires little effort -goal of memory
>Recognition -remembers best things which he sees the
-feeling of intimacy stimuli
-learning from books (printed); remember
6 rules to improve memory action and incidents in movies
>Concentrate of what you want to remember b. Ear minded
-select what you want to remember, then -lectures; repeats a conversation,
study it sound,words and music in a movie
-find reason to remember c. Motor minded
>Repeat what you want to recall-think about -motion
it often -touch, smell, taste
>Don’t write down- memory becomes -65% eye, 13% ear, 2% motor
stronger everytime it is used; memos break
faith in memory How to Improve Memory
>Visualise an association around mental >Intention-need to remember
feature-handle the memory; connect in your >Confident-will to remember
mind >Observation and Concentration-complete
>Fit memories into pattern and accurate observations
-One memory should lead to other things you >Understanding-produce a clear and mental
want to recall image
-Remember to remember >Repetition-Rote Memory (repetition w/out
>Recollection understanding)
-evaluation of info >Law of Association-connect with something
-storing of experience and reappearance in its we already know
utilisation in subsequent activity a.Similarity-things alike
b. Contrast-similarity is reversed
2 Types of Memory c.Propinquity-nearness of place, time,
-Sensory memory: learning repetition relationship
-intellectual memory: learning by
understanding SURVEILLANCE
-planned investigation by keeping a person,
2 main functions or purposes: place or target under physical observation to
>Storing of information or purpose of the obtain information, about activities, identities
memory and contacts made by such
-recording info; filing system
-document containing valuable info loses Subject/rabbit: person, place or object being
value when placed in large file without being watched or under surveillance
indexed properly
>Recollection achieved through recall or Surveillant: person who maintains the
recognition watch/surveillance

Recall-produce past experience; required to STUDY:

produce original stimulus Odex, intelligence cycle
Recognition-identifying a perception as intelligence units
experienced in the past -assist c, pnp
director-2 star; head of intel
What do we remember -coordinate: Foreign Liaison
-memory training with the creation of interest -training: intel training division
1. Sensory memory -criteria for evaluation of sources
2. intellectual memory -kinds of informants
-Odex
How do we remember
-object itself and interest aroused

The means of reception

a. Eye minded