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555 views42 pagesTechnical Drawing Metalwork 1
Originaltitel: Fachzeichnen Metall. Teil 1: Grundstufe Verfasser: Christgau/ Schmatz. Zeichnungen von St. Stippler und W. Wriggers 1981 (6. Auflage) Fachbuchverlag S. Wengert, Ingolstadt Lizenzausgabe: C 1983 Deutsche Gesellschatt für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn Published by the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) in cooperation with Fachbuchverlag S. Wengert, Ingolstadt, and Expert Verlag, D 7031 Grafenau/Württ., Federal Republic of Germany All rights reserved.
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
555 views42 pagesTechnical Drawing Metalwork 1
Originaltitel: Fachzeichnen Metall. Teil 1: Grundstufe Verfasser: Christgau/ Schmatz. Zeichnungen von St. Stippler und W. Wriggers 1981 (6. Auflage) Fachbuchverlag S. Wengert, Ingolstadt Lizenzausgabe: C 1983 Deutsche Gesellschatt für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn Published by the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) in cooperation with Fachbuchverlag S. Wengert, Ingolstadt, and Expert Verlag, D 7031 Grafenau/Württ., Federal Republic of Germany All rights reserved.
Uploaded by
uptblkkdsCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 42
Contents
Page
Introduction into technical drawing 1
Lines 2
Standard lettering 4
Basic geometrical design (joining of circles) 7
Flat angular workpiaces in one elevation 8
Flat rounded workpieces in one elevation 10
Introduction into three-
20.
en :
3
s
&
5
6.
Circles have @ cross of cenier lines. Center lines always intersect,
‘on a dash. They also begin and end with a dash. Short center lines
‘are simplified to thin unbroken lines.
‘The diameter is shown by two dimension arrows on the circumfe-
rence or drawn on the extension lines of the circle. In these cases
no diameter symbol will be used.
For very small circles the diarneter dimensions are placed with a
reference arrow pointing at the circle. The diameter symbol 2(7/10
h) is written in front of the dimension. The same applies if only one
dimension arrow can be drawn
If short of space the diameter dimension may be placed together
with a dimension arrow outside of the object edge.
. if Several diameters of the same size are shown only ane is to be
dimensioned. Center lines may be used as extension lines. They
are drawn outside the object edge as thin unbroken lines. Distan-
ces between holes are always taken from the center point of the
hole.
A radius is symbolized by f and has only one dimension arrow at
the circumference. The conter point is fixed by the crossing of
center tines. In obvious cases the conter point symbol may be
omitted
If, due to shortage of space, the center point of a large radius has
to be brought close to the drawing, the radius dimension line shows
two right angles. The extension of the dimension line is always
directed to the actual center point of the radius.
. When dimensioning slotted holes the way of production has to be
considered. Either the hole centers or the hole edges may be
dimensioned.
one Le] Extomal dimonsions
Thickness:
Hole ameter:
Rounding:
Wiath of ff tang:
‘wah of ght tang:
‘Dimension reteronce lines:
Flat Rounded Workpieces in ene Elevation
Exemnal dimensions: 7860
Thickness: 5
Hole diameter: 10
Distance between holes: 50, from below 14
Roundings: 4
cuout 20, centerpoint:
contor ine
‘upper object edge
Dimension reference ines: contr ine, lower edge
o |e
Given: Text, angled illustration
fed: Drawing with dimensions
Given: ‘Text, angled ilustration
Required: Drawing with dimensions
‘Dimension relerence ines: centr Eno, lower edge
Maton ‘Materia
82:4 | Securing plate sit Cover plate B
Excemal dimensions: 5090 {Exemnal dimensions: 12060
“Tikes: 5 Thickness 6
Hole cameter 30 Hole darotor 30
Distance between holes: $5 tom below Slotted hos 10 wide
ounsings above R= 35 Distance contr to contr: 75
fend of tang: = 5 Rounding tet 0 = 60
Tang 20 wide, 20 high ‘ght D = 30
cite F.=6, center point! 1 change of radius R= 38
conte ne Dimension reference tres: center tines
lower object e40
Given: Text, angled illustration
Given: Text, angled illustration
Required: Drawing with dimensions Required: Drawing with dimensions
‘atonal ~ atonal
sat Tieplate St: | Guiding tieptate D
— Introduction into Three-Dimensionai Drawing
|. Dimetric Drawing
1, Parallel perspective (not standardized)
Ange a = 45°
Width: Seale 1:1
Height: Scale 1:1
Depth: Scale 0,5:7
Wen drawing on squared paper the depth should be shortened 0.7:
In tis case the diagonal of one square represents 10 mm
Width: Scale 1:1
Height: Scale 1:1
Depth: Scale 0,5:7
Ange a = 30, B
Width: Seale 1:7
Height: Scale 1:1
Depth: Scale 1:1
30°
isometric (iso = equal)
dimetric (di = two)
two differant scales ‘one scale only
tront elevation all elevations
“14:08
1d
With pitars one stars rom the font side, with pointed oojocs (e.g, cone) trom tho botiom aroa. Fist draw the basic shape
(6.¢, eubotd) then develop the workpiece shape!
mH Introduction into Three-Dimensional Drawing
Basic shape: Cube with sides 40 mim
Position: Angle tothe ight
Recesses: above: lft and right cut-out 1010
‘through the whole depth ofthe cube
Doon ight, front cutout 20% 20 «20
‘Task: Draw the object one time each:
parallel perspective, cimetric and isometric!
“Task: Draw the object dimet!
‘Choose 4 diferent postions!
Use the mensions of tho angled itusration!
Given) Text
Required: Three:
jimensional drawings,
Mata
1:1 | intermediate piece B
Tank: lnometi drawing ofthe objet iret postions! Use | Tsk: Or etoctn ary fxm nite posns! Use he
tho arrensors oe ages ust! Ssmensen ot reso Maat!
[Given “Angled istration Given: Anglo istration
Required: Isometric (4 postions) Required: 4 aferent postions
‘Material 7 ~ ‘Material
si | Guiding block C | 511] _ supporting piece D
(ae = eae B Development of 9 elevations
Elevations
“Tochnieal drawing
fa a aye
g K
teont 3 so
eiovaton 2 vation
20
‘Maximum dimensions
_ none | wie) nelaht OY doth)
Front elevation normal position h
Side elevation to right of front elevation h a
Top view below front elevation b a
ZN
Extension lines and center lines may not run through from one elevation into another!
@ Extension lines for one dimension may not be drawn trom different elevations!
@ Each dimension is to be entered once oniy!
or Drawing showing Three Elevations
i
1
2, Front ledge
raw the of
in stages
showing thee elevations!
beet
Given: Angiod illustration
Given: Front elevation, top view
Sir Aa SteD am, sde tvaton | ered: Sie svat to angie sees)
aa
311 | Guide block [A | oct | ste enstion B
t
Wf
Ls |
4 i
1
sontaesn
Given: Top view, side eb
Froquired: Front elevation
Given: Isometric drawing
Flequired:_Front elevation, top view side elevation
su] em pee |
[eter] cum pie
‘Material i D
Ls Workpieces with Concealed Edges
eS
Concealed edges are drawn as dash lines (thickness 7/10 of
unbroken line). The length of each dash depends on the size of the
drawing. In order to give the impression of an unbroken line the
gaps are very small
2. Dash lines start and end with a dash at the object edges.
3. When changing from a visible edge to a concealed edge the dash
line starts and ends with a gap.
4, Dash linos always meet with dashes, forming full corners.
5. Concealed edges cross on dashes.
6. Parallel dash jines running closely together are drawn with stagge-
red dashes.
ri wo an ected te cee te wile oes 0
oun
8. Ii concealed edges and center lines coincide, the concealed edges
are drawn.
9. Concealed edges may only be dimensioned of the dimensioning of
Visible edges is impossible
16 L Workpieces with Concealed Edges
4
sport q7—
iy dpi di | [
Mate |
iii ip f | ]
cr 5
1 HH) Pd 4
brit pape | yt
Poy tdi da | A]
Hadi | 1
oe tt L — 4
- « = PY | —t
J
'
|
q '
d
' a
Given: Front elevation, top view Given: Front elevation, side elevation
Requred: Side elevation Required: Top vew
Tate
si A lsu] B
Main dimensions: 8x 6x16
Positon of workpiece:
In front elevation vertically erected, 8 mm wide
Stages of work:
a) Ahorizontal opening 2 mm high and 4 mm wide is
recessed 4 mm form the lower edge. ry
b) A slot 2 mm wide and 5 mm high is to be milled
ut from above in the center of the workpiece.
©) A continuous groove 1 mm deep and 2 mm wide Taine
is to be milled out in the center of the left and right a
narrow sides.
Text
Front elevation, top view, side elevation
Fiat stee! Materia Material
with grooves Cc D
W ‘Workpieces with Angled Surfaces
‘Measure the length of edge a!
Result: Length of edge a in front elevation 50 mm, in side elevation
30 mm, and in top view 40 mm. Thus, it appears shortened in side
elevation and in top view.
‘The edge appears shortened when the end points are at unequal
distances from the eye.
The siopo of an angled edge is determined when its end points are
fixed by dimensions.
‘The slope can also be dimensioned by angle specification
Normally the true length of angled edges is not dimensioned.
With angular dimension the dimension tine Is a circular arc, which
is drawn at the vertex.
It possible, the shaded area, about 30°, should bear no dimensions.
If this cannot be avoided, the dimensions must be readable from
the Jett.
‘Square areas are dimensioned at two meeting sides.
_ Ian elevation is to be dimensioned in which the square area
el appears as a line, the square symbol (7/10 of the dimension figure)
Ist to be set in front of the dimension figure.
[w J Workpieces with Angled Surtaces
a
Loti
~~ Front elevation, top view
©) In the lower half of the abject the front is to be
bevelled from the center to the left at 30° and to
the right at 45°,
Given: Front elevation, side olevation Given:
Required: Top view Required: Side elevation
‘aio ator
sit Fitting piece A [si B
Main dimensions: 60 x 40%100
Position of workpiece:
In front elevation upright, 60 wide
Stages of w
a) A bevel 45" is made left and right 85 mm from the
lower edge.
) The upper half is to be milled from the tront down,
to 20 mm deep.
Given’ Text 7
Required: Front elevation, top view. side elevation
Given: Angled illustration
Required: Front elevation, top view, side elevation
ao aa
peal lence Cle] tom
= as E I Cylindrical Workpieces
1. When drawing a oylinder or other symmetrical workpieces one
starts from the center line.
2. Simple workpieces are mostly drawn in front elevation only. If an
elevation in which the area of a circle appears as a straight line is to
be dimensioned the diameter symbol is to be placed in front of the
dimension figure.
2
Al 3. If possible areas of a circle are to be dimensioned in the elevation
2 where they are shown as circle. In this case the diameter symbot is
omitted.
2%
4. Eccentric cams are to be specified by the distance between the
center lines.
5. No diameter dimension should be entered if possible within the
shaded areas. If this cannot be avoided the dimension figure
(similar to angle specification) must be readable from the left.
1a) Simple long cylinders are shortened by using looped break
lines; the actual length of the workpiece is to be entered. Break
lines are to be drawn freehand as thin unbroken lines; broken
areas are shaded at 45°.
b) The broken area of hollow cylinders (pipes) is marked by two
oop break lines.
©) If the round shape is obvious (by dimensioning or a further
elevation) a simple freehand line is sufficient.
ia Cylindrical Workpieces_
Main dimensions: 2 70x 227
Position of workpiece:
tn front elevation horizontal
Stages of work:
€) from right 180 mm long lathe to @ 40
») from right journal 17 long recess to 2 28
©) from left 25 long lathe to 50
4) left recess eccentric cam:
conter-to-center distance 14, © 16, 17 long
end of cam (towards workpiece) R = 3
Ends of recesses (toward workpiece) R= 5
Bo not dimension each rads A= 5, but note atthe
‘otto of the shoot All roundings not aimensioned are R= 5
‘Materat
B
Given: Angled illustration
Required: Front elevation, top view, side elevation
Material
sit Pulley A
Romar
Tra ont, |
the oer circles represent |
boreholes. |
|
!
eae
Given: Top view, side elevation
Required: Front elevation
Motors
sia Crank arm c | Tim iin te nosh mun ej apt
He lan coe ns wos ane
2. If the flattening in front elevation is seen as an area the
Objekt edges in side elevation are recessed.
Design the sie elevation!
3. Recessed edges of grooves and cut-outs are to be
drawn as well
Recessed edges need not be dimensioned as they
result automatically Sections through Cylinders Parallel to Rotation Axis
Given: Dimetric drawing Given: Front elevation, top view (incomplete)
Required: Front elevation, top view, side elevation Required: Front elevation, top view, side elevation
roo ane
sz | rrinapice | A LB
os -
— ae .
| T
1 Fae |
| i
l, To al |
\] (LET Hit)
Fb a! ay
al | les | J a
F i j i Led q
| |
hod +
i | 4
L
1h otsaaa
Given: Front elevation Given: Front and side elevation (incomplete)
Required: Top view, side elevation Required: Front elevation, top view, side elevation
Maral Matorat
sit Coupling Cis Joint part D
Tame ‘lass Date
ce eum | ena |e | as Pyramidal Workpieces
1, Two elevations are mostly sufficient to illustrate a pyramidal
workpiece. One elevation is sufficient for square based pyramids.
o
Cw 4
8 - 2. The slope of an area can be given as slope ratio or in percentage.
For production the angle of siope may also be entered.
‘The direction of slope is indicated by the symbol
paraliol to the base line
40 a
ee eee
The degree of taper of pyramid-shaped sections is the ratio of
difference in width to length of pyramid,
Degree of taper = 2:2 = 9-78
‘The taper is indicated by the symbol [> which is placed above
the pyramidal element parallel to the centerline and pointing in
direction ofthe taper.
~= 12
4. Flat areas in elevation are marked as such by diagonal lines, if not
A” operant fro futher elevations,
5. The true length of an edge is only seen when the end points are at
equal distance from the eye. The edge must lie parallel to a
projection level. Therefore, the edges are turned in such a way that
they appear inthis position. Two elevations are needed to construct
the true length. Given: Front elevation
Required: Top view, calculation of degree of taper
Material
sat Knob A
‘Main dimensions: 60x 60x 80
Position of workpiece:
{In front elevation 60 wide and 80 high
Stages of work:
a) A cylinder @ 30, 33 long is lathed from below.
) The cylinder is centrally countersunk @ 10, 15
deep in longitudinal axis direction,
©) A frustum with a base area 60 x 60 and top area
20x 20 is set on the cylinder.
Tasi
: Draw the object in front elevation and top
view and find the true length of a side edge of
the frustum,
Given: Text ~
Required: Front elevation, top view, true length
Given: Front elevation, side
Required: Top view
sia Anchor bolt
Materal c
sia Floor plate
‘Matorar D
‘Name
Dave
[a Full Section
‘Inner edges are shown by sections running along the center
tine.
‘One assumes that the front half of the workpiece is cut away.
The section areas are shaded, not the hollow spaces.
The shading lines are thin unbroken lines which are angled at
45° to the center line or angled to the base edge
ZA A, aan
‘The smaller the section area the closer the shading lines,
4. Very narrow areas (e. g. angles in cross sections) are blacke-
ned. Blackened areas of different pieces are slightly sepa-
rated.
5. Angled section areas are shaded at 45° to main direction.
ULdddas
KS
6. Assembled workpieces are identified by opposite or varied
shading,
Section areas of one object are always shaded in the same
direction,
>
Se
777,
BZ 7. tn order fo insert dimension figures the shading hes to be
CLZELE, fini
“) 8. No visible edges run through section areas — concealed
‘edges in section drawings are to be avoided, if possible. Full Section
wo
aaa
tt ft a
bya |
T |
rit |
| |
iif
Lens 4
ii |
este ie |
Pip dal
‘ | 44 |
Lx»
Lo as J —
\
'
Lt
i
Given: Front elevation Given: Front elevation, top view
Required: Front and side elevation in section, top view| Required: Front and side elevation in section
Matera Tatra
sia Jaw Alsi dig tool B
Given: Front elevation Given: Front elevation
Required: Front elevation in section. top view Required: Front elevation in section, side elevation
az Material ‘eter
$1:1 | Bearing with bush C | sax Eccentric cam D
Ree eae | ee oes aa _ Half Section — Part Section
1. Half sections show only one haif of the workpiece in section; the
‘other half appears in elevation
Both halves are seperated by the center line only. Concealed edges
are to be avoided, if possible,
| o30 2. Inner diameters and similar dimensions are marked with one
