GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

FOR
PROPOSED GROUND BASED TOWERS

AT

SITE ID- BRE01

SITE NAME- Barai
SITE ADDRESS : Mohammad Zuber Khata No.-195,Khasra No.-626,Vill.-Sarai
Barai,Parg.-Rudauli,Tehsil-Ramsanehighat,Distt.-Barabanki Ph-05241-284084
(Pp)

Lab Testing on 07-07-2019

Report submission on 10-07-2019

SUBMITTED TO: M/S BHARTI INFRATEL LTD

PREPARED BY:-

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD.

E-126 NEAR P.N.B BANK SHASTRI NAGAR DELHI-110054
PHONE:011-23654116
 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.
[email protected]

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl. No. TITLE Page No.

1.0 INTRODUCTION 3

2.0 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK 4

3.0 METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION 5-6

4.0 FIELD & LABORATORY TEST 7

5.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATION/STRENGTH PARAMETERS/ 8-13

FOUNDATION OPTIONS

6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 14

ANNEXURES

 BORE LOG DATA & SOIL PROFILE (TABLES)

 GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS GRAPH

 SPT ‘N’ VALUE GRAPH

 STRENGTH PARAMETER GRAPHS

 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS SHEETS

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 2

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.

CHAPTER – I

INTRODUCTION

The Geotechnical investigation work is carried out for the civil engineering works mainly for the

design of the foundations. The client M/s Bharti Infratel. Ltd. has shown their desires to carry out the

detail soil investigation work for Barai and awarded the work to M/s V.A.S Design & infra

structure pvt. ltd.

M/s V.a.s Design & infra structure pvt. Ltd has carried out the work of Geotechnical investigation

during July . 2019. Relevant laboratories tests on collected samples were carried out as per Bharti

technical specification and relevant IS Standards.

All the field work has been carried out as per the specification, instruction and supervision of the client

i.e. M/s Bharti Infratel Ltd The laboratory tests have been conducted of the collected samples as per

relevant IS codes and the requirements specified in technical specification. All the measures and care

should be taken in collection of samples and laboratory testing. This report is based on the data

collected during the field work and analysis of results obtained from laboratory tests on soil samples.

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 3

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.

CHAPTER – II

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK

1.1 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of Geotechnical investigation for the transmission line was planned to obtain the
following information.
(a) Sub-soil stratification at tower location.
(b) Physical and Engineering properties of the sub-soil in different strata.
(c) Establishment of ground water table encountered, if any.

1.2 SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of work provided to us for this project was limited to the following:

(a) Conducting Geotechnical investigation for 1 bore holes, each of 150/200 mm diameters below

existing ground level through normal soil i.e. sandy, clayey strata (excluding boulders/rocks) up to

depth of 4.00m or 3.0m below refusal whichever occur first. Refusal shall mean when SPT field

‘N’ value reaches 100 for 30 cm or less penetration of SPT sampler.

(b) Conducting Standard Penetration test in the bore holes as per RJCL specification or at every

change of strata, whichever is earlier as per IS: 2131-1981.

(c) Collecting disturbed and undisturbed soil samples wherever possible as per RJCL specification.

(d) Conducting the various tests on soil samples collecting from bore hole in laboratory.

(e) Recording the depth of ground water table in all the bore holes (if observed).

(f) Analysis of field and laboratory tests results and preparation of the reports giving recommendation

for bearing capacity and type of foundation.

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 4

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.

CHAPTER – III

METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION

3.1 The investigation was planned to obtain the subsurface stratification at the proposed location and
collect soil samples for laboratory testing to determine the engineering properties such as shear
strength, along with basic engineering classification of the subsurface stratum to arrive at the
foundation design parameters.

3.2 For Geotechnical investigation work, Rotary winch/ Manually Auger set was installed at the specified
borehole location. Stability of rig was ensured by making level ground. Boring was advanced by sand
wailer / Shell and auger method and in rock strata drilling bits are used as per the technical
specifications. Sampling were carried out at regular interval in the borehole

3.3 The rig deployed was suitable for normal soil & rock strata and had arrangement, boring, conducting
Standard Penetration Test (SPT), collection of Undisturbed Soil Sample (UDS), Disturbed (DS) and
rock cores.

3.4 Standard Penetration Tests (SPT)

Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) was conducted at different depths in these boreholes. SPT split spoon
sampler of standard dimensions was driven into the soil through the borehole bottom using 63.5 kg
Hammer falling from 75 cm height. Blow counts for the penetration of every 15 cm were recorded and
the N is reported as the blow counts for 30 cm penetration of the sampler leaving the first 15 cm
penetration as seating drive.

When the number of blows exceeded 50 to penetrate the first or second 15 cms length of the sampler,
the SPT N is regarded as more than 100 as described in IS 2131 - 1981. The test is terminated in such
case and a record of penetration of the sampler under 50 blows is made. SPT refusal is recorded when
there is no penetration of the sampler at any stage and also when a rebound of the sounding system is
recorded. These tests were conducted as per the technical specification of PGCIL.

When presence of boulder CPT performed as per IS:4968_part2

3.5 Disturbed Sampling in boreholes

Disturbed soil collected in the SPT sampler and trial pits was preserved in air tight jars and transported
to the laboratory. One more polythene cover was provided to prevent the loss of moisture during the
transit period.

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 5

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.

3.6 Undisturbed Sampling in Boreholes

Undisturbed samples were collected using 100 mm dia and 450mm long MS tubes provided with
sampler head with ball check arrangement.

3.7 Rock Drilling in bore holes

Drilling was carried out using Double tube barrels with diamond tipped drilling bits. Core was
extracted from the barrel directly into a suitable sized half round plastic channel section. The cores
were numbered serially and arranged in the boxes in a sequential order. The description of the core
samples was recorded as instructed in IS: 4464. Continuous records of core recovery and rock quality
designation (RQD) were to be mentioned in the bore logs in accordance with IS: 1315 (Part-II).

3.8 The laboratory testing was done following the testing procedures given in the relevant parts of
IS-2720.

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 6

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.

CHAPTER – IV

FIELD AND LABORATORY TESTS AND DATA OBTAINED

4.1 GENERAL
In order to ascertain the in-situ subsoil profile and to determine the relevant Geotechnical parameters,
both field and laboratory tests were carried out. The field programmed consisted of Boring, Standard
Penetration tests and sampling of representative and undisturbed soil samples from Boreholes. Both
representative and undisturbed samples were brought from field to the laboratory and test like
Atterberg’s limits, Sieve Analysis, Natural Moisture Content, Shear test etc. were conducted on these
samples.
4.2 BORING AND SAMPLING: Boreholes were advanced at the site at 1 locations. In each borehole,
representative samples were collected. The consolidated logs including laboratory test results are
presented in this report as Annexure.
4.3 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST: Standard Penetration tests are conducted along with the
boring operation. Overburden and dilatancy corrections have been applied as per the nature of soil and
depth of water table / behavior of soil strata encountered.

4.4 WATER TABLE: Ground water table encountered recorded in the respective bore logs.

4.5 CLASSIFICATION TESTS: Sieve analysis and wherever necessary, Atterberg Limit Tests were
conducted on representative samples obtained from the bore holes. Based on the result of these tests,
soil samples were classified as per IS: 1498-1970. The classification is shown in the bore logs in
Annexure.
4.6 DIRECT SHEAR TEST / TRI-AXIAL SHEAR TESTS: Direct Shear Tests / Tri-axial shear tests
were conducted on selected undisturbed soil samples / remolded samples collected from SPT. The
results obtained are given in Annexure.
4.7 SPECIFIC GRAVITY: The specific gravity of soil grains was found by the pycnometer procedure
and results are listed in Annexure.
4.8 NATURAL MOISTURE CONTENT: Natural moisture contents of soil samples from the boreholes
at different depths were measured in the laboratory and the values are indicated in laboratory test
results in Annexure.
All the above tests were carried out on most of the representative soil samples of different strata
collected from the borehole/trial pits locations. The results of laboratory tests are shown in soil profiles
sheets. All the soil samples were identified and classified as per IS: 1498-1970.
V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 7
 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.

CHAPTER –V

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS / FOUNDATION OPTIONS

5.1 GENERAL
For the Geotechnical Studies for proposed foundation scheme of ground based tower, Geotechnical
investigations including boreholes at proposed structures locations and approaches were carried out.
Based upon the investigation and laboratory testing on collected soil samples it may be concluded that
Soils are both cohesive and Non-cohesive up to the termination depth in the section. Change in soil
type can be seen from the sub-surface profile attached in Annexure.

5.2 PENETRATION RESISTANCE AND STRENGTH PARAMETERS

Laboratory test results on sandy (purely non-cohesive) soil samples get affected by loss of moisture
and disturbance during sampling, transportation, and time gap between sampling and testing.
Therefore field results are likely to be more dependable than laboratory test results in case of non-
cohesive soils.

Relative density Dr and angle of shearing resistance  are obtained based on penetration test data and
based on the laboratory results on selected undisturbed samples from non-cohesive soils.

IS 6403: 1981 gives the correlation between ‘N’ (corrected) and.

Laboratory test results are likely to be more dependable than the field results in case of soft to stiff
consistency cohesive soils. In case of stiff to hard clays, collection of truly undisturbed samples is not
practically possible. Undrained cohesion & coefficient of volume compressibility of the stiff / hard
consistency cohesive soils may be determined by internationally accepted empirical correlations as

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 8

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.

5.5 FOUNDATION OPTIONS

5.5.1 TYPE OF FOUNDATION
Based on the field investigation and laboratory tests the Isolated/Raft footing of 3m x 3m foundation
has been analyzed. The foundation of tower generally subjected to downward thrust as well as altered
loads, uplift and overturning moments due to wind forces from any direction and tension at the top of
the tower due to broken wire conditions.
For satisfactory performance of a foundation, the following criteria must be satisfied;
(i) The foundation must not fail in shear.

(ii)The foundation must not settle by an amount more than the permissible settlement.
The smaller of the bearing pressure values obtained according to (I) and (ii) above, is adopted as the
allowable bearing capacity.

5.5.2 DEPTH OF FOUNDATION

FOUNDATIONS IN SOIL
A foundation must have an adequate depth from considerations of adverse environmental influences. It
must also be economically feasible in terms of overall structure. Depth of foundations in soil shall be
decided as per clause 7 of IS: 1904 for special cases like; where volume change is expected / scour is
expected / foundations on sloping ground / foundation on made or filled up ground / frost action is
expected etc.

Hence it is recommended that the depth of foundation should be kept 3m below existing ground level.

5.5.3 ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY OF OPEN FOUNDATIONS IN SOIL

The net intensity of loading which the foundation will carry without undergoing settlement in excess
of the permissible value for the structure under consideration net safe bearing capacity should not
exceed.

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 9

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.

5.5.3.1 NET SAFE BEARING CAPACITY FROM SHEAR CONSIDERATION:

FOR CLAYEY SOILS ( = 0)

The values are computed from unconfined compressive strength UCS, using the following equation;
qd = C Nc Sc dc - Refer IS:6403, Clause 5.3

where qd = Net Ultimate bearing capacity

A factor of safety of 2.5 is used.

Considering  = 0, Nc = 5.14

Thus the equation is simplified as

q (net safe) = 1 / 2.5 x C x 5.14 Sc dc = 2.056 C Sc dc

FOR C -  SOILS FOR GENRAL SOIL

Refer IS: 6403 – 1981, Clause 5.1

General Shear Failure
qd = C Nc Sc dc ic +  D ( Nq – 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5  B N S d i W ’
Local Shear Failure
qd’ = 2/3C N’c Sc dc ic +  D ( N’q – 1) Sq dq iq + 0.5  B N’ S d i W ’

Where qd and qd’ are net ultimate bearing capacity for general and local shear failure

Net safe bearing capacity = 1 / 2.5 x Net ultimate bearing capacity

Bearing capacity factor shall be determined for  for general shear failure and ’ = tan –1(0.67 tan)
for local shear failure.

Shape and depth factors shall be determined as per IS: 6403-1981.

For cohesion less soil with eo value less than 0.55, values are computed for General shear failure, for e o
values between 0. 55 to 0.75 the values are computed by linear interpolation between local and general
shear failure, and for eo value greater than 0.75 the values are computed for local shear failure.

For footing resting on multilayer deposit, Bowls recommends that the ultimate bearing capacity of
footing be determined using average values of cohesion, C av and angle of shearing resistance, av. The
average values are computed over a depth H below the base of footing,

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 10

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.
where H = 0.5 B tan (45 + /2)

COMPUTATION OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL

Adopted value for general & local shear

5.5.3.2 SAFE BEARING PRESSURE FROM SETTLEMENT CONSIDERATION:

SETTLEMENTS BASED ON CONSOLIDATION CRITERION

For normal consolidated clays

Sf = Sc + Si
Sc =  Soed
Si = pB(1-2) I /E; will be negligible
 = poission’s ratio,
Soed = (hI Cc /(1 + e0) ) log 10 ((p’ + p0’) / p0’))
(Reference: clause 9.2.2.2 IS 18009 (Part I))
Where; hI = thickness of soil layer (m)
Cc = Compression index
e0 = Initial void ratio
p0’ = effective overburden pressure (t/sq.m)
p’ = net increase in pressure at centre of cohesive soil layer

If clays are lightly over consolidated, then the above method may be adopted but if the clay is heavily
over consolidated, it may not be necessary to compute the settlement.

If the soil deposits consist of several regular soil layers in the influence zone, the settlement of each
layer below the foundation shall be computed and summed to obtain the total settlement.

The settlement contribution by non-cohesive / partially cohesive soil layer shall be estimated by the
methods in clause 9.1, IS: 8009 (Part I); De Beer Marten method shall be used.

De Beer and Martens’ Procedure

S2 = (2.303 / Ci) log 10 ((p + p0’) / p0’))hi
hI = thickness of soil layer (m)
Ci = a constant of compressibility = 3/2 (Ckd / p0’)
Ckd = average static cone resistance

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 11

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.
p0’ = effective overburden pressure (t/sq.m)
p = net increase in pressure at centre of noncohesive/ partially cohesive soil layer
Total settlement = S1 + S2

For purely noncohesive soils

Settlement shall be determined for unit pressure for a specified width of footing based on Corrected
SPT values between the level of base of footing and the depth equal to 1.5 to 2.0 times the width of

For foundation resting on rock strata

Bearing capacity shall be calculated as per IS code of practice. Bearing capacity for Shear failure
criteria shall be calculated considering the UCS and the factor of safety taken was 10 and the

settlement failure criteria shall be calculated as per IS code. Corrections shall be applied as applicable.
Refer; IS: 12050. When boulders Encountered CPT performed as per IS:4968_part2

5.6 CORRELATION BETWEEN SPT ‘N’ VALUES AND SHEAR PARAMETERS

In the sandy strata the SPT ‘N’ values, cohesion values give very useful information with regards to
denseness (Relative density) and the shear parameters (value of internal friction). The relationship
between these parameters and recommendations as given by Peck & Meyerhof are given in the
following table.

SPT N Nature of strata Relative Angle of internal friction

Peck Meyerhof
density
0-4 Very loose 0.0-0.2 <28.5 <30
4-10 Loose 0.2-0.4 28.5-30 30-35
10-30 Medium 0.4-0.6 30-36 35-40
30-50 Dense 0.6-0.8 36-41 40-45
>50 Very Dense 0.8-1.0 >41 >45

Peck’s values have been adopted by Bureau of Indian Standard.

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 12
 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.
Relation between SPT ‘N’ values and Φ (IS: 6403-1981).
Incase of cohesive soil, the relation between SPT ‘N’ values and consistency as proposed Trazaghi and
Peck is
qu = N/7.5 kg/cm2 and cu = qu / 2

5.7 DESIGN SOIL PARAMETER

For the computation of safe bearing capacity of shallow foundation using shear failure and settlement
failure, the soil parameter have been selected based on engineering characteristic of the soil encountered
in the influence zone of the footing. The engineering characteristics of soil of different boreholes at
different depths are shown in respective soil profiles.

5.8 UPLIFT RESISTANCE

For the computation of resistance against uplift of foundation, the weight of the footing plus the weight
of an inverted frustum of a pyramid of the earth on the footing pad with sides inclined to the an angle of
30º, 20º & 0º with the vertical may be taken depending on the types of soil at foundation level, in
accordance to IS: 4091-1979.

5.9 LIMITATION

The soil investigation has been carried out at the location chosen by the client. Recommendations made
in the report are hence valid only for these tests locations. However if there is any change in subsoil
conditions and properties at places beyond chosen test locations, the soil consultants be contacted for
further guidance.

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 13

 CLIENT: BHARTI INFRATEL LTD.

CHAPTER –VI

RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on our field and laboratory investigation, the following recommendations are made:

1. The stratum encountered in different boreholes at different depths is presented in respective

soil profile sheets.

2. The water table if encountered in the boreholes is also indicated in the soil profile sheets.

3. For the calculation of uplift resistance, angle of repose may be taken as per IS: 4091.

4. The depth of foundation shall be decided based on bearing capacity and uplift resistance
required.

5. The recommended safe bearing capacity for the footing is computed based on footing size as
specified for suggested foundations.

The soil investigation has been carried out at the location chosen by the client. Recommendations
made in the report are hence valid only for these tests locations. However if there is any change in
subsoil conditions and properties at places beyond chosen test locations, the soil consultants be
contacted for further guidance.

V.A.S DESIGN & INFRA STRUCTURE PVT. LTD. 14