Guide to chargepoint

infrastructure for
business users
Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Contents
Introduction 3

Ultra low emission vehicles 4

Chargepoint power and speed 5

Vehicle compatibility with chargepoints 6

Vehicle operating considerations 7

Daily mileage and downtime 7

Chargepoint installation 8

Electrical demand 8

Case study: ALD Automative 9

Managing electricity supply demand 10

Load management 11

New developments in charging technology 13

Energy storage 13

Vehicle to grid (V2G) 14

Inductive Charging 14

Public charging infrastructure 15

Operating public chargepoints 15

Locating public chargepoints and planning your journey 15

Published with grant
Grants 16 funding from

Plug-in cars, vans and motorcycle grants 16

Workplace Charging Scheme 16

On-street Residential Chargepoint Scheme 16

Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme 16

Glossary 17

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Introduction
Choosing the correct charging Considerations include their technical requirements
infrastructure for your fleet and and limitations, and the commercial settings in
which they are most effective.
utilising it efficiently will ensure
that operational requirements, This best practice guide aims to help fleets
understand the different aspects of charging
such as charging speed and infrastructure that need to be considered. This guide
the number of vehicles capable also highlights why it is important to consider
of being charged at any vehicle choice at the same time as infrastructure, as
vehicles can often only utilise certain chargepoint
given time, are met. specifications. We therefore recommend reading this
The specifications of charging infrastructure guide along with our best practice guide to ultra-low
should address any electricity supply constraints emission vehicles for fleet managers.
whilst minimising the cost of installation. If you have any further questions on chargepoint
For fleet managers it is important to understand utilisation best practice, or if you would like to
the existing EV charging technologies including: discuss a chargepoint project with an Energy Saving
Trust consultant, contact us at
• Fast and rapid charging infrastructure [email protected].

• Smart charging

• Load management

As well as being aware of emerging technology

solutions including:

• Vehicle to grid (V2G)

• Inductive charging

• Energy storage

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Ultra low emission vehicles

ULEVs have been available for several years
Ultra low emission vehicles (ULEVs), also known now and, compared to the first generation of
as plug-in vehicles, emit lower levels of motor modern electric cars, those on the market today
vehicle emissions compared to other vehicles. are superior both technically – with ranges
UK Government’s Office for Low Emission Vehicles often exceeding 120 miles – and in terms of
(OLEV) define plug-in vehicles, those cars, vans and practicality, as shown in Figure 1 below.
motorcycles which fall into the eligibility categories
table below, as ULEVs. Grants towards ULEVs are only compatible with certain types and
the cost of eligible vehicles exist, with the highest speeds of charging equipment and so this should be
grants available for vehicles with the lowest CO2 a primary consideration for fleet operators. This
emissions and the longest zero emission range. aspect is covered in further detail in the next section.

Table 1: Eligibility categories for ultra low emission vehicles

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3

CO2 <50g/km <50g/km 50 – 75g/km

Zero emission range (miles) 70+ 10 – 69 20+

Maximum grant available £4,500 £2,500 £2,500

Price cap N/A £60,000 £60,000

Figure 1: Advancement in electric vehicle range1

Mitsubishi i-MiEV - 2010 Nissan Leaf - 2013 Renault Zoe - 2017

93 mile range 124 mile range 250 mile range

1. All range values are official New European

Drive Cycle (NEDC) figures. The Energy
Saving Trust would typically expect real-
world range to be roughly 20% lower,
depending on driving style.
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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Chargepoint power & speed

There have been significant maximum rate allowed by the charger. Charging
rates as shown below vary from slow chargers which
recent advancements made can take more than 12 hours to completely replenish
in the speed at which EVs a battery, to rapid chargers which can provide
can be charged. 80% in 20-30 minutes.

Chargepoints as powerful as 150 kW are entering From the perspective of both fleet managers
production, and rapid chargers are now a common and private users, one of the most significant
sight at motorway and main road service stations considerations when operating ULEVs is the
throughout the UK. It is anticipated that chargers as time required to charge. Also of great importance
fast as 350kW will be available in the foreseeable is daily mileage, downtime during the day and
future. the numbers of vehicles needing to be charged.
To meet such demands, vehicle and chargepoint
Electric vehicle charging is dependent both on manufacturers are increasingly promoting fast
technology built into the vehicle and built into or rapid chargepoints. Table 2 (on the following page)
the charging infrastructure. For example, when the shows the different costs associated with different
charging capability of the vehicle is less than that of types of chargers, highlighting the need to
the charger then the vehicle will charge only at the thoroughly understand your charging requirements.
maximum speed allowed by the vehicle. When the
charging capability of the vehicle is greater than that
of the charger than the vehicle will charge at the

Figure 2: Types of charging technology and the average time needed to achieve full charge

Three-pin socket 2.3kW, Slow charger 3.5kW, c. 10 hours; Rapid charger Ultra-rapid charger
12+ hours Fast, 7kW c. 6 hours; 50kW, 20-30 mins 150kW+, <20 mins
Semi-rapid, 22kW, 2 hours to 80% charge (estimated)

energeasy drive by Rexel energeasy drive by Rexel APT Controls Group

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Table 2: Key facts on EV chargepoint types

Slow Fast Rapid

Power rating 3.5kW-7kW 7kW-22kW 43kW-50kW

Electrical supply type AC AC & DC AC & DC
Charge time 4 to 8 hours 2 to 4 hours 25 to 40 minutes (80% charge)
Vehicle range added in 15 minutes 3 – 6 miles 6 – 20 miles 35 – 40 miles
2
Cost (approximate) £500-1000 £2-3k (AC), £19k (DC) £20k-40k

2. C
 osts are an approximation provided by a chargepoint
provider and do not include installation costs.

Vehicle compatibility with chargepoints

Charging an electric vehicle requires compatibility It is recommended that charging sockets are
through a connecting cable between the charger installed at depots rather than tethered cables,
outlet (also known as a socket) and vehicle inlet. which would render the chargepoint vehicle-specific.
The connecting cable can either be tethered to the It is necessary to provide the appropriate number
chargepoint or detached entirely. The most common of charging cables to account for the number and
connectors are outlined in Table 3 below. Type 1 type of vehicles to be charged at the depot. Should
(J1772) tethered cables may also be encountered, rapid chargers be installed they will be equipped
which are compatible with the vehicle inlet on many with up to three tethered cables to accommodate
vehicles, including Mitsubishi and Nissan. the vehicles to be operated.

Table 3: Chargepoint connector types

Connector Type Profile Typical charge speed and current Associated manufacturers

Type 2 (Mennekes) 3.5kW, 7kW, 22kW, 43kW AC Compatible with most vehicles, but not all
will be capable of utilising the higher rates
of charge (charge speed dependent on vehicle
on-board charger)
3
Combined Charging System 50kW DC (150kW DC being trialled ) BMW, Audi, Volkswagen, Porsche, Ford
(CCS)

CHAdeMO 50kW DC Nissan, Kia, Citroën, Tesla (via adapter),

Mitsubishi, Peugeot

3. https://electrek.co/2016/08/10/150-kw-fast-charging-station-switzerland/

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Vehicle operating considerations

Consideration of both daily Downtime
mileage and downtime is In some organisations, vehicles may regularly or
necessary to determine which routinely spend time stationary during their working
day. If this downtime naturally exists in the operation
type of chargepoint is most of a fleet, it represents an opportunity to charge a
appropriate for a given fleet. ULEV with little or no change to driver behaviour.
Downtime may occur in the depot or during transit
when vehicles could be charged using public
Daily mileage chargepoints. More information on the public charging
infrastructure network is provided later in this guide.
Typical daily mileage is arguably the most important
consideration when deciding on which chargepoint A top-up of 15 minutes could provide up to 40 miles
type is most appropriate for a given fleet. range using a 50kW rapid charger (as outlined in Table
This becomes especially important when daily 1). Depending on the length and frequency of this
mileages start to exceed the maximum real-world downtime, different types of chargepoints may be
range of the EV being considered, as charging time appropriate and this knowledge is essential for
would then need to be factored into the working day. efficiently planning and scheduling routes.
The relationship between these factors and the
implications for which chargepoint types would
be most suitable is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Graph showing relationship between vehicle downtime and chargepoint type4
Vehicle Downtime and Chargepoint Types
6

Slow
Downtime Daily Frequency

Fast
3

Rapid
2

5 minutes 30 minutes 1 hour 1.5 hours 2 hours

5+ hours
Average length of Downtime

4. Figures assume that one full charge is required throughout the course of the day.
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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Chargepoint installation
Once it is decided which chargepoints and EVs On the other hand, in fleets where a large number of
are needed, then the process of planning, vehicles charge at different and for shorter periods of
installation and procurement begins. time, fast or rapid chargepoints become necessary
Contracting the services of a reputable installer to ensure vehicles receive an adequate charge before
will help with this process and includes: the next vehicle arrives. Most premises will have
limitations to the electrical capacity available.
• Testing and surveying the power supply of This may be based on recent business need or
your site to determine the available capacity on past use of the premises.
i.e. the number and type of chargepoints it
could support

• Liaising with the DNO on any upgrades A site survey should be

needed to support the charging capacity conducted to determine
that has been identified the supply and any spare
capacity available (the
Electrical demand
difference between actual
The planned number of EVs entering a fleet is load used and the maximum
important as it has implications for both the number available) before vehicles or
and type of chargepoints and the total electrical
demand from charging vehicles. For example, some infrastructure are acquired.
vehicle models can only utilise slower chargepoints,
whereas other similar types of vehicles can utilise If electrical capacity limitations are identified on a
faster chargers, or optional rates of charge may be site where many EVs are planned to operate from, it
offered. Faster charging will reduce the charging is important to consider that these limitations could
time but increase the electrical load. quickly become an issue, regardless of the type of
chargepoint used. For example, a very similar
amount of available capacity would be required to
Charging capabilities for vehicles run a fleet of 15 EVs in the following configurations:

under consideration should be

• One 50kW rapid charger, with EVs scheduled to
researched before the vehicles charge one-by-one
are purchased or leased. • Two 22kW fast and two 3.5kW slow chargers, all
The number of vehicles being charged is closely being used at the same time
linked to downtime in the sense that, in fleets • Fifteen 3.5kW slow chargers, all being used at
where a large number of EVs charge for longer the same time
periods of time, a greater number of chargepoints
will be required but they may not necessarily
need to be fast or rapid. This means that electrical capacity should be
considered, ideally even before EVs are procured.

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Case study: ALD Automotive

ALD Automotive is a vehicle
leasing and fleet management
company providing solutions
to both corporate and
consumer markets.
Challenge: In 2014, when ALD Automotive
decided to build a new head office in Bristol, it was
clear from the start that a charging capability for
Electric Vehicles (EVs) would be a necessary part
of the design. As the office project developed, so
did the Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) market and
the rapid growth in this sector meant that the
office build needed to adapt. What started out as a Result: The number of chargers required was
plan for a couple of slow 3.3kw chargers quickly balanced against the amount of electricity
developed into a more advanced and future-proof available and analysis and forecasting of vehicle
solution with the required flexibility to adapt to a volumes means utilisation of chargepoints will be
rapidly changing market. maximised. The process of planning for workplace
charging has allowed ALD Automotive to
Process: In early 2016, as the building of the new implement a range of initiatives including:
offices advanced, it became apparent that the
planned chargepoints were not going to be • Laying a conduit around the car park allowing
adequate to support ALD’s ambitions to run the more chargepoints to be added in the future
latest generation of AFVs in an efficient way. without the need to dig up the car park

Elektromotive, a company specialising in advanced • Adding solar panels to the office roof to increase
recharging solutions, was enlisted to develop a the amount of renewable electricity for vehicle
robust strategy for implementation. Charging charging
requirements, potential vehicle volumes and
parking locations were reviewed and charging • Introducing 20 ALDs into its company car scheme
infrastructure was re-planned resulting in 7kW • Implementation of BEVs into a pool fleet for local
being chosen. business use

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Managing electricity
supply demand
Charging technology is Most chargepoints currently installed, simply supply
rapidly developing to meet power at a rate determined by the vehicle until fully
charged. A number of chargepoint systems now on the
the varied needs of the market feature ‘smart charging’ able to manage
market with solutions such charging systems and demand in real time, potentially
as smart charging and load decreasing or removing the need for expensive
upgrades by the Distribution Network Operator (DNO).
management providing Smart charging can also assist in reducing energy
options for fleet operators and costs by preferentially charging electric vehicles when
an alternative to expensive lower time-of-use (ToU) tariffs are in effect (if
subscribed to). It also provides the ability to access
connection upgrades. grid services such as frequency response.

Supporting rapid charging can require interventions

ranging from upgrading the electrical supply to the
premises all the way through to more expensive
electrical distribution network upgrades at the
sub-station level. It is recommended that a quotation
is sought from the Distribution Network Operator in
your area to determine any costs which may be
incurred before purchasing charging equipment.

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Load management
Load management systems offer a potential Organisations running fleets with a number of
solution for multiple chargepoints to be operated vehicles requiring quick top-up charges during
without exceeding the maximum power capacity shifts, and vehicles requiring a slow charge
of a site. Load management can be achieved overnight at the end of a shift, could almost
through dynamic power management to certainly benefit from load management systems,
chargepoints, reducing the speed of charge as particularly if the system allows the business to
necessary to moderate total electrical demand, avoid costly upgrades to its electrical supply. Fleet
striking a balance between the number and the managers should consider the likely future growth
speed of chargepoints. of their EV fleet, as installing flexible load
management technology at the outset can save
Load management systems can also be configured on infrastructure replacement and upgrades later.
to limit the proportion of a site’s total energy
supply that EV chargepoints can use, again to Chargepoints with features such as remote access
prevent exceeding total capacity. The use of load functionality, back office integration and load
management technology can avoid costly management are also useful from a payment
upgrades to electrical supply. perspective. They can also include the ability to
remotely control chargepoints (to end a charging
The principle of load management is that when session, for example) and to monitor the usage
a chargepoint is being used, the vehicle is charged of charging infrastructure on site over time.
at the fastest speed permitted by the chargepoint
and vehicle in question. When several chargepoints The end-user can often be identified through an
are being used, the speed being delivered to each RFID card or user app which is advantageous for
can be reduced. The following section shows three determining the amount of electricity any
scenarios outlining how load management could particular vehicle is using, and allows individual
work with increased demand by vehicles. It shows vehicle and driver efficiencies to be determined
a bank of six chargepoints, with a maximum power and costs charged to cost centres.
rating of 22kW (80% charge in roughly an hour
and full charge in around 2 hours), on a site with Where employees are allowed to charge their
32kW of spare electrical capacity. When one private vehicles at work then the cost of the
vehicle is charging, load management will provide electricity they use can be recharged to them.
the maximum amount of power that the charger is In the same way visitors using the infrastructure
capable of supplying and the vehicle is capable of on site can be identified and managed as deemed
receiving. In this case, that is 22kW, although it is appropriate. Ultimately it is possible to
worth keeping in mind that few vehicles on the incorporate charging on site, driver’s home
market today are capable of charging at this rate. charging and public charging within one intelligent
charging solution, providing visibility across the
fleet in terms of vehicle efficiency and the
reimbursement of expenses.

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 The principle of Total spare electrical capacity: 32kW
load management
A bank of six chargepoints, with
a maximum power rating of
22kW, on a site with 32kW of
spare electrical capacity.

22kW 0kW 0kW 0kW 0kW 0kW

Chargepoint in use

Chargepoint not in use

When all six chargepoints are

being used, the load management
equipment limits the amount of
power at each chargepoint, to avoid
exceeding the spare capacity.

5kW 5kW 5kW 5kW 5kW 5kW

Chargepoint in use

Chargepoint not in use

With any number between one

and six vehicles, the load
management equipment will
ensure the maximum charge
possible is delivered, whilst
not exceeding spare capacity.
7kW 7kW 7kW 0kW 0kW 7kW

Chargepoint in use

Chargepoint not in use

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

New developments in
charging technology
Charging technology will continue to develop to The Government has also established the
meet the needs of the market with a number of Automated and Electric Vehicles Bill which will in
technologies being trialled and reaching early the future, require all chargepoints sold or installed
market. An example is load management in the UK to be Smart.
technology able to monitor the state of charge of
the vehicles connected, and adjust the power Energy storage
provided to individual chargepoints in real time. Where charging requirements exceed capacity of the
This allows the vehicles most in need of charging local network infrastructure, a potential alternative
to be prioritised and is therefore a technology to a costly distribution network upgrade may be to
which is likely to become more widely available. install a chargepoint solution with energy storage.
DNOs are also required to offer flexible connections This would offer a means of storing electricity off
if a customer is able to manage their peak load, grid to charge electric vehicles, but would also
which can avoid extra costs. incorporate load management and integrate with a
smart charging array as illustrated below.

The principle of energy storage

Energy storage
Grid
connection

Chargepoints

On-site power Control system Internet

generation
connection

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

The main benefits of energy Vehicle to grid (V2G)

storage solutions include the Another technological advancement is Vehicle-to-
ability to avoid upgrades to the Grid technology (V2G), which looks and acts very
local electricity supply, which similar to a standard charging installation, but
which includes bi-directional inverters so that
may be preferable due to cost or energy flows both to and from the vehicle. In effect,
uncertainty over tenure of a site. this turns a vehicle into a portable battery which
can provide services to the home, business and grid
Increased energy supply from battery storage can such as storage and frequency response, and can
allow the expansion of a fleet of electric powered maximise the benefits of charging on time of use
vehicles. In conjunction with load management and tariffs. V2G technology is currently in the testing
smart charging, storage can also reduce costs by for commercialisation stage.
avoiding peak-tariff periods. In markets where
network incentives or feed in tariffs operate, energy Inductive Charging
storage could also act as an income source. Some
energy storage systems can also act in ‘island Inductive, or wireless, charging uses an
mode’, providing energy security in the case of a electromagnetic field to transfer energy between
power cut. an electric car and a charging pad through
electromagnetic induction. This is a promising
By integrating renewable energy generation such technology which could revolutionise electric vehicle
as solar panels or wind turbines, reduced drawdown use through doing away with charging cables. The
from the grid will reduce carbon emissions. Energy first cars with inductive charging capabilities are
storage solutions incorporating 2nd life EV battery expected to be introduced in the near future.
packs can also assist with addressing the problem
of what to do with used electric vehicle batteries
once their capacity is depleted below a level
deemed suitable for driving the vehicle. Batteries at
this stage of their life will still retain sufficient
capacity to provide a storage solution.

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Public charging infrastructure

Operating public chargepoints Locating public chargepoints
and planning your journey
Government funding and private investment has
facilitated the installation of more than 11,000 Home and work recharging can be supplemented
public chargepoints. There are multiple chargepoint by the expanding public recharging network.
operators whose networks provide different offers This includes rapid chargers available at most service
to consumers in terms of payments systems and stations on the Strategic Road Network, which
subscription services. includes motorways and main routes. Public
chargepoint operators and chargepoint map
We recommend that you familiarise yourself with providers give details of charging infrastructure
the providers that have the most comprehensive and location including:
network in the area you expect your vehicles to
operate in and ensure that your drivers understand • ChargePlace Scotland
how to access the chargepoints. It is recommended
that membership of network(s) should include those • National Chargepoint Registry
providing a range of standard and rapid charging. • Plugshare
The Government has recently established the • Zap-Map
Automated and Electric Vehicles Bill. The purpose of
the Bill is to provide Government with powers to Planning routes to ensure access to public
make regulations, if deemed necessary at a later chargepoint infrastructure can make longer journeys
date, requiring operators to provide a standardised a realistic proposition.
means of accessing public charging points, ensuring
that an electric vehicle can access and charge at
any chargepoint without the need for membership.

The Bill will also enable Government to introduce

regulations, if necessary, requiring that data on the
location and availability of chargepoints is openly
available. Additional powers to be provided by the
Bill would enable minimum standards for physical
connection to public chargepoints to be defined;
that chargepoints are ‘smart’ and can interact with
the electricity grid; and Motorway Service Area
operators and large fuel retailers could also be
obliged to provide electric chargepoints and
hydrogen refuelling facilities.

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Energy Saving Trust
Guide to chargepoint
infrastructure for
business users

Grants
A number of Government grants available through Businesses are responsible for determining
the UK Government and the Office for Low Emission whether the electricity used by their staff or their
Vehicles (OLEV) exist to assist the transition to fleets constitutes a taxable Benefit in Kind (BIK).
electric vehicles through chargepoint provision. If this is the case, they must report the electricity
Plug-in car, van and motorcycle grants; Workplace usage to HMRC. Information about reporting BIKs
Charging Scheme; On-street Residential Chargepoint to HMRC is available on the HMRC website. To
Scheme; and the Electric Vehicle Homecharge find out whether the electricity provided is a
Scheme.5 taxable BIK, please refer to the Government’s
BIK calculator for electric vehicles
Plug-in car, van
and motorcycle grants
There are potential impacts to benefits in kind (BIK)
Grants towards the cost of eligible low emission for fleet users when considering chargepoints. More
vehicles are available from OLEV; ranging from information is available in our guide to ultra-low
£4,500 for cars with less than 50g/km CO2 emissions emission vehicles for fleet managers.
and over 70 miles of zero emission range to £2,500
for cars with between 50 and 75g/km CO2 emissions On-street Residential
and from 10 to 69 miles of zero emission range and Chargepoint Scheme
with a list price of no more than £60,000. Current
levels of support are guaranteed to October 2017. The On-street Residential Chargepoint Scheme is a
The van grant covers 20% of the cost of a van, up to funding source for Local Authorities to increase the
a maximum of £8,000 whilst the motorcycle grant availability of plug-in vehicle charging infrastructure
covers 20% of the cost of a motorcycle up to a for residents who do not have access to off-street
maximum of £1,500. parking. The funding available is for 75% of the
capital costs of procuring and installing a
Workplace Charging Scheme chargepoint up to a maximum of £7,500. Further
information on the scheme, advice, and guidance is
The Workplace Charging Scheme is a voucher-based available from the Energy Saving Trust website.
scheme that provides support towards the up-front
costs of the purchase and installation of electric
vehicle chargepoints for use in the workplace for Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme
staff and fleet use. The contribution towards
installation is limited to £300 for each socket up to a The Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme provides a
maximum of 20 across all sites for each application grant of 75% towards the cost of installing an
with further information and eligibility available on electric vehicle chargepoint up to a maximum of
the OLEV website. £500 at domestic properties across the UK.
Find out more.

5. Further information on OLEV grants available on the OLEV website:

https://www.gov.uk/plug-in-car-van-grants/what-youll-get and https://www.
gov.uk/government/collections/government-grants-for-low-emission-vehicles

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Glossary
Term Definition
CHAdeMO A charging protocol for delivering a DC supply to plug-in vehicles.
CHAdeMO is primarily used Nissan, Mitsubishi, Citroen and Peugeot.

Destination charging Undertaking charging as a secondary purpose to a primary activity e.g.

charging whilst shopping, staying at a hotel.

Distribution Network Operators (DNO) Companies licensed to distribute electricity in Great Britain by the Office of Gas
and Electricity Markets. DNOs are also involved whenever electricity grid reinforcement
work needs to be carried out e.g. when rapid chargepoints are being installed. The
DNO will work with the network operator on the design of the installation

Fast charging Charging a plug-in vehicle at typical rates of 7kW AC, 20kW DC or 22kW AC.

kW Unit of power.
kWh Unit of energy.

Load management A system to ensure that chargepoints in use do not exceed the
the admissible total output of a site.
On-board charger Systems on-board plug-in vehicles which use a rectifier circuit to transform
alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) in order to charge the battery.

Opportunity (en-route) charging Re-charging a plug-in vehicle during daily use (rather than overnight at home
or depot). Typically requires a fast or rapid chargepoint.

Plug-in car grant/ plug-in van grant Grant funding to support private and business buyers looking to purchase
a qualifying ultra-low emission car or van.

Rapid charging Charging a plug-in vehicle at typical rates of at least 43kW AC or 50kW DC.

RFID access Radio-frequency identification

Slow or standard charging Charging a plug-in vehicle at typical rates of no more than 3.7kW AC.

Smart chargepoints Chargepoints capable of receiving, understanding and responding to signals

sent by energy system participants such as Distribution Network Operators
(DNOs), energy suppliers, National Grid or other third parties for the purposes
of balancing energy supply and demand

SOC (State of charge) Indicates the charge of a vehicle using percentage points as the unit.
Equivalent of a fuel gauge for the battery pack in a plug-in vehicle.

Type two (Mennekes) The recommended standard for public 3.5kW and 7kW AC chargepoints.
It can also be used for fast AC charging at 22kW or rapid AC at 43kW.

Zero emissions capable Vehicles which are able to operate with zero or near zero tailpipe emissions.

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Energy Saving Trust
energysavingtrust.org.uk
TE835 © Energy Saving Trust
August 2017