CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Effects of Computer Radiation among Grade 11 Information

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and Communication Technology Students in Christ

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the King College of Science And Technology

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

(S.Y. 2018-2019)
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

A Thesis submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Of the Grade 12 - ICT in Inquiries

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Investigation and Immersion

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Submitted By:
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Bulahin, Monica G.
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Submitted To:
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

De Vera, Mary Jane T.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Inquiries Investigation and Immersion Teacher

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Chapter 1
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

INTRODUCTION
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Computer radiation is the process of spreading out of energy in rays. The

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

emission or outward flow of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

including radio waves and photons. See also electromagnetic, photon, and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

waveform. From computer radiation can cause or contribute to the cause of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

several of health problems which include sleep interference, allergic reaction and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

even the severe health issues like heart disease, cancer and etc.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Mostly, the people do not want to sit on a chair near high voltage of power
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

lines, but they do not think twice before sitting on a chair in front of computer
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

screen, that includes CPU, a printer and scanner with it. The exposure of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

computers poses a significant danger if it is excessive. In this research computer

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation is anavoidable part of our life specially in millenials. Exposure to large

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

amount of electromagnetic radiation can caused meaningful damage to health

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

cells and chromosome damage. But because computers are being used in
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

almost in every field. Sometimes we forget our limitation of being expose on the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

computer that can caused a different diseases because of the radiation.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The amount of time the average person spends in contact with electronic
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

devices is growing every day. As previously stated, prolonged use of laptop

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

computers is common, and therefore dangers to one’s health from computer

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation are quite real. Among the biggest risks is the possible damage to fertility
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

if laptops are placed on a male’s lap for hours per day. Extended exposure to
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

thermal computer radiation may not only decrease sperm count, but it can also
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

cause severe irritation of the skin. As far as other laptop radiant energy is
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

concerned, electromagnetic radiation is the other primary focus for concerned

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

individuals. By using computer our health will become dangerous because of the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation that affects,most of now we all know that almost students spending too
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

much on computer. And we saw that many students in our surroundings that they
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

can't focus on their studies because of using computer we forget our

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

responsibility to our studies and to our home. Spending too much on the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

computer isn't good to our eyesight.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Objective or Purpose of the Study

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

This study aims to investigate the possible effects of computer radiation to

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the Grade 11 ICT students of Christ the King College of Science and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Technology.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Research Questions
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Specially, the study aims to seek answers to the following sub

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

problems:
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

` 1.)What are the negative effects of computer radiation to the students?

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

2.)What is the best way to protect ourselves from computer radiation?

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

3.)What are the disadvantage of being expose on the computer?

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Significance of the Study

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The results of the study will be great benefit to the following:

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

STUDENTS— The result will be provide the students with some knowledge
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

about computer radiation that they encounter and how can to protect themselves
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

on the radiation. It will be giving the students realization to know their limitation of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

using computers. And also the students know what are those negative effects of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

being exposed to the computer.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

TEACHERS— They will know the effects of computer radiation to the students. And
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

to inform to the students that they need to know the limitation of being expose on
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the computer. And also to know what are those effects that they get comes from
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the radiation of computer.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

FUTURE RESEARCHER— They want to able give an information to their research

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

topic and also they are the one to solve the problems that comes to their
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

research title.
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Conceptual Framework
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Computer Radiation
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

CAUSE: EFFECTS:

Large amounts of electromagnetic Computer radiation can have a

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

PREVENTION
*Keep distance from your laptop and computer.
*Replace Your Wireless Installation with a Hard-Wired Ethernet
Connection or Eco WiFi Router
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

If you use computers at work or at home, or both, then computers may be

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

your biggest source of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) . Could this radiation

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

threaten your health?

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Computers today generate both low-frequency and radio-frequency EMR.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Both types of radiation are potentially harmful – even the World Health
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Organisation now calls them possible carcinogens (i.e. they may cause cancer).
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

In fact, this radiation has been linked with many serious diseases:
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Asthma
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Alzheimers
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Cancer
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Depression
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Heart Disease
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Hormone imbalances
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Damage to nerves, immune system and reproductive systems.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

See EMF Health Effects.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Symptoms of EMF Exposure

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Symptoms of frequent and prolonged EMF exposure are often dismissed as

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

being caused by stress, overwork, or just getting older. These include

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Headaches
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Tiredness
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Sleep disturbances
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Concentration and memory disorders

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Dizziness
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Skin prickling, itching, burning or flushing sensations on the face or elsewhere

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Uncomfortable, dry or swollen mucous membranes in the throat, ears or

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

sinuses
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Muscle and joint pains

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

 Heart palpitations
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Scope and Delimitation

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Computer radiation is comprised of various types of electromagnetic

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

frequencies. When you sit in front of a computer screen, you are being hit by
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

many different types of electromagnetic radiations (EMR). Computers emit both

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

VLF (Very Low Frequency) electromagnetic radiation and ELF (Extremely Low
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Frequency) electromagnetic radiation, as well as soft x-rays if using an old style

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Cathode Ray Tube monitor.As with all radiation exposure, the closer in proximity
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

to the source, as well as the longer the duration of time in the EMF field, the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

more detrimental the electromagnetic frequencies upon the body.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Using a computer for anywhere from 4 to 8 hours a day is not unusual

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

today, but is actually becoming the norm. This long duration of time, coupled with
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the close proximity to the screen, makes the computer a very serious EMF health
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

hazard.Short term symptoms of computer EMF exposure are dry eyes, floaters,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

blurred vision, headaches, dehydration, irritability, skin rashes, spaciness and

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

fatigue. Long term computer EMF exposure has been linked to various cancers,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

birth defects and miscarriages.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Theoretical Framework
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

This document is the expression of the collective opinion by the NEA

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) about the status
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of radiation protection today and developments which might affect its status in
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the foreseeable future. It is an outgrowth of an NEA workshop entitled, "Radiation

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Protection on the Threshold of the 21st Century," which was held in Paris on 11-
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

13 January 1993, and draws upon the papers presented there. The assessment
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

does not dwell on accomplishments, which are considerable. Rather, it focuses

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

on issues and speculates about the future, because a primary purpose is to

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

provide guidance to the CRPPH on a programme for the future whose goal is to
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

enhance radiation protection.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The assessment of the present status and the future developments of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation protection is intended mainly for the radiation protection community and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

others who might influence the overall quality of protection through research,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

technology development, regulation, programme support and education. While

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the assessment is a technical document, an attempt has been made to minimize

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the type of terminology and details familiar only to the specialist since another
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

important purpose is to provide information about radiation protection to decision

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

makers and a broad segment of the public which is interested because of the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

ubiquitous nature of radiation, both natural and man made. The Executive
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Summary briefly describes the main aspects of the collective opinion.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Definition of Terms
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

a.Computer Radiation-Radiation is produced when electrically charged

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

waves move through space, transmitting a signal to a device and setting up an

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

electromagnetic field around a source.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

b.Electromagnetic waves-one of the waves that are propagated by

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

simultaneous periodic variations of electric and magnetic field intensity and

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

that include radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

rays
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

c.Photon-a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

zero rest mass.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

d.Waveform-a usually graphic representation of the shape of a wave that

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

indicates its characteristics (such as frequency and amplitude)

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Presented in this chapter is a review of related literature and some studies

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

on the effects of computer radiation on people's health and the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

environment. This serves as background information in determining the negative

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

or ill effects of radiation on people's health and on the environment as well.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

According to Marilyn J Goske, Pediatric radiology 41 (2), 472, 2011.State-of-

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the-art CT scanners typically display two dose indices: CT dose index (CTDIvol
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

[mGy]) and dose length product (DLP [mGy-cm]) based on one of two standard
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

CTDI phantoms (16- or 32-cm diameter) used in the calculation of CTDIvol.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

CTDIvol represents the radiation produced by the CT scanner, not the radiation
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

dose to an individual patient. Pediatric radiologists, aware of this discrepancy,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

have requested a method to estimate the CT patient dose based on the size of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the pediatric patient or small adult. This paper describes the method developed
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

by AAPM Task Group 204 to provide a better estimate of CT patient dose. These
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

improved estimates of patient dose provide radiologists with a practical tool to

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

better manage the radiation dose their patients receive. In the future, size-
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

specific dose estimates (SSDE) received by the patient should be included in the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

patient’s electronic medical record to help radiologists better assess risk versus
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

benefit for their patients.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

According to Keith J Strauss, Pediatric radiology 38 (3), 265-269,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

2008.ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) has been a guiding principle

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

for pediatric radiologists for decades. The Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR)
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

has long been a leader in promoting safety in radiology practice in children.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

However, the ALARA principle has taken on new meaning in the past several
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

years as the number of CT scans in children has skyrocketed. For example, it is

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

estimated that since the 1980s when CT was beginning its ascendancy there has
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

been up to an 800% increase. CT scans in children provide great benefit in

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

patient care when used appropriately. However, increased use requires a team
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

approach to ensure that only indicated exams are performed and at the lowest
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

appropriate dose to the pediatric patient. As a response to this public health

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

issue, the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR), the American Society of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Radiologic Technologists (ASRT), the American College of Radiology (ACR), the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and nine.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

It has been known for many years that radiation emitted from computers
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

can cause or contribute to the cause of various health problems which include
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

sleep interference, allergic reactions and even the severe health issues like heart
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

disease, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease etc. Studies over the last 15 years have
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

given hints of the connection between Electromagnetic Fields (EMF's) and health
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

problems. EMF's have been implicated in behavioral changes, memory loss, birth
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

defects and Alzheimer’s disease. Mostly, the people do not want to sit on a chair
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

near high voltage power lines, but they do not think twice before sitting on a chair
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

in front of a computer screen, that includes a CPU, a printer, a scanner and

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

perhaps a UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supplier) with it. Working at the same
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

position for hours, they never know that they are absorbing as much radiation as
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

if they could have a high voltage power line. A computer user, not aware about
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the choice and placement of devices (Computer assemblies) could be open to an

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

ELF radiation from Computers with a field strength of 3 to 7 millie gauss while
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

microwaves from Wi-Fi devices may carry a field strength of 100 to 200 µW/m2.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Individually, these radiations are quite far from safe and may cause very serious
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

health issues if taken together.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

In Knowledge by Christian December 12, 2017.I still remember my first

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

computer. In the early 90’s my dad bought a lot of Mac Classics from a school that was
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

getting rid of them. I loved that computer and played all my favorite games on it. Young
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Christian had no idea how much myself and the whole world would rely on computers. I
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

use my computer for my job, to write this blog, to stay connected with friends and family,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and much more. As I’ve learned more about the dangers of EMF radiation I’ve become
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

increasingly cautious of how and when I use my computer.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Computers, tablets, cell phones, and other electronics, all radiate EMFs
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and are extremely dangerous. My wife and I just had our first child, a baby girl,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and I am extremely cautious about her exposure to these electronics, as small

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

children can be extremely vulnerable to these devices.As I was taking time to

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

research ways I can reduce my exposure to EMFs, I started to write up a list of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

all the things I can do.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

According to the Pew Research Center, in 2015, 92% of US adults owned

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

cell phones, of which 79% were smartphones. Today, many of us cannot live
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

without these devices because they help us communicate with the world.Wi-fi
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

routers can be found in every home and office providing internet connection for
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

our computers. Even in our kitchens, household electrical appliances such as

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

food processors and washing machines are also an electromagnetic radiation

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

source that we are exposed to on a daily basis.Living in such a world, have you
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

wondered if your body is sensitive to the electromagnetic radiation these devices

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

emit? What are the effects of electromagnetic radiation to your health and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

wellbeing?
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

We are basically electromagnetic beings. Our bodies contain our own

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

human electrical currents which when exposed to man-made electrical currents

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

create a chemical reaction. These currents "work to balance the activity of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

internal organs and in the case of injuries, represent the very foundation of the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

healing process", according to Dr. Bjorn Nordenstrom.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Negative Effects of Computer Radiation. Computer radiation, laptop

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation and computer monitor radiation are important for all computer
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

users. This type of radiation is known as extremely low frequency (ELF)

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

electromagnetic radiation. It is essentially the same kind of radiation that is

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

emitted from power lines, TVs and other electrical and electronic appliances. If
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

you are a computer user, computer radiation may be a substantial component of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the total electromagnetic radiation which your body is exposed to. Many of us
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

spend our working days in front of computer monitors, surrounded by electronic

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

equipment, each item emitting ELF radiation. Because of the duration of this
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

exposure (many hours every day), computer radiation is a great concern..

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The "Encyclopedia Britannica" reports that "prolonged exposure to

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

computer radiation leads to an increased risk of tumors, cancers, miscarriage,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

blood disorders, insomnia, headaches, anxiety, and skin disorders." Many

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

people spend hours in front of computers that emit low levels of radiation. Such
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

exposure is not considered harmful, although prolonged exposure is a matter of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

concern, according to some authorities. Some studies report that prolonged use
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of laptops by men can affect infertility. Warmth and radiation may affect the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

quality and quantity of sperm production.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

For many years it has been known that ELF radiation can cause or
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

contribute to various health problems, ranging from sleep interference and

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

allergic reactions, through to heart disease, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. The
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

item most likely to cause a health hazard in many offices is the computer
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

monitor, or screen. The box-shaped cathode ray tube (CRT) computer monitors
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

generally have quite high levels of radiation at 30 cm. A constant 3 milligausus

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

at 30 cm of computer monitor radiation is already bad enough, but don't forget

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the beleaguered computer user is probably also absorbing radiation from

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

computers, printers, power supplies (ups), florescent lights, cell phones and other
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

equipment. Pregnant women should be particularly careful about using CRT

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

screens - which have been associated with higher rates of miscarriage and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

possibly birth defects.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Negative Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation. Mobile phone radiation and

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

health effects have been studied, especially following the enormous increase in
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the use of wireless mobile telephony throughout the world, there were more than
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

4 billion users worldwide. Mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

microwave range, and researchers believe this may be either harmful or

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

beneficial to human health. A Swedish scientific team at the Karolinska Institute

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

conducted an epidemiological study (2004) that suggested that regular use of a

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

mobile phone over a decade or more was associated with an increased risk
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of acoustic neuroma, a type of benign brain tumor. The increase was not noted in
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

those who had used phones for fewer than 10 years.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Hardell (2007) reviewed published epidemiological papers (2 cohort

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

studies and 16 case-control studies) and found that: Cell phone users had an
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

increased risk of malignant gliomas. There has been a link between cell phone
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

use and a higher rate of acoustic neuromas. Tumors are more likely to occur on
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the side of the head that the cell handset is used. One hour of cell phone use per
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

day significantly increases tumor risk after ten years or more.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Some users of mobile handsets have reported feeling several

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

unspecific symptoms during and after its use; ranging from burning and tingling
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

sensations in the skin of the head and extremities, fatigue, sleep

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

disturbances, dizziness,loss of mental attention, reaction

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

times and memory retentiveness, headaches, malaise, tachycardia (heart palpitat

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

ions), to disturbances of the digestive system.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Negative Effects of Radiation from Wireless Networks. Another area of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

concern is the radiation emitted by the fixed infrastructure used in mobile

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

telephony, such as base stations and their antennas, which provide the link to
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and from mobile phones. This is because, in contrast to mobile handsets, it is

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

emitted continuously and is more powerful at close quarters. On the other hand,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

field intensities drop rapidly with distance away from the base of the antenna
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

because of the attenuation of power with the square of distance. Base station
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

emissions must comply with safety guidelines. Some countries, however (such
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

as South Africa) do not have any health regulations at all governing the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

placement of base stations.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Since the middle of the last century, technological advancements in

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

telecommunications and other industries have led to significant increases in the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

use of radio frequencies. Equipment employing microwave and radio waves is

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

today widely used not just in broadcasting and communications, but also in the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

health care industry, the food industry, and in a host of other industries in a wide
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

range of applications. Several surveys have found increases of symptoms

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

depending upon proximity to electromagnetic sources such as mobile phone

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

base stations.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

A 2002 survey study by Santini et al. in France found a variety of self-

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

reported symptoms for people who reported that they were living within
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

300 metres (984 ft) of GSM cell towers in rural areas, or within 100 m (328 ft) of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

base stations in urban areas. Fatigue, headache, sleep disruption and loss of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

memory were among the symptoms reported. Similar results have been
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

obtained with GSM cell towers in Spain, Egypt Poland and Austria. No major
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

studies have been reported in which health effects did not occur on actual
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

populations living near mobile base stations. However, there are significant
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

challenges in conducting studies of populations near base stations, especially in

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

assessment of individual exposure.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

In order to protect the population living around base stations and users of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

mobile handsets, governments and regulatory bodies adopt safety standards,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

which translate to limits on exposure levels below a certain value. There are
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

many proposed national and international standards, but that of the International
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) is the most

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

respected one, and has been adopted so far by more than 80 countries. For
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radio stations, ICNIRP proposes two safety levels: one for occupational
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

exposure, another one for the general population. Currently there are efforts
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

underway to harmonize the different standards in existence.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Many governmental bodies also require that competing

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

telecommunication companies try to achieve sharing of towers so as to decrease

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

environmental and cosmetic impact. This issue is an influential factor of rejection

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of installation of new antennas and towers in communities.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Negative Effects of Radiation from X-ray Machines, TV Sets and

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Photocopiers. Man cannot escape exposure to some radiation. We are

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

surrounded by natural radioactivity in the earth and by cosmic rays from outer
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

space. This is called background radiation and cannot be controlled. We are also
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

exposed to manmade radiation, which can and must be controlled.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Much of the manmade radiation people are exposed to comes from

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

electronic products. These include diagnostic x-ray machines, television sets,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

microwave ovens, radar devices, and lasers. In some cases, as with diagnostic
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

x-rays, radiation emitted from these devices is intentional and serves a useful
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

purpose. In others, as with TV sets, radiation emitted is not intentional and is not
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

essential to the use of the product. X-rays may be produced when electrons,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

accelerated by high voltage, strike an obstacle while traveling in a vacuum, as in

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

a TV containing a cathode ray tube (CRT). Since many of the components in

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

television sets operate at thousands of volts, there is the potential for x-ray
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

generation. These components may produce x-rays capable of escaping from the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

television receiver or CRT. This unintentional emission of x-radiation can pose a

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

potential hazard and must be controlled.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The U.S. Public Health Service opened an inquiry into the possible effects
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of radiation leakage from color television sets. One set manufacturer, General
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Electric, modified more than 100,000 sets to eliminate leakage. Surgeon General
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

William H. Stewart minimized the danger to viewers. He suggested a viewing

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

distance of six to ten feet from a color television set and warned
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

against prolonged exposure to the rear or sides of a set.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Negative Effects of Microwave Radiation. According to CWA, “there is

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

substantial scientific data that establishes negative health effects associated with
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

microwave radiation.” CWA cites cataracts as one possible negative health effect
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

from prolonged exposure, as well as well as nervous system damage and even
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

reproductive problems in both males and females. Exposure to microwaves is

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

dangerous mainly when high densities of microwave radiation are involved, as

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

with masers. They can cause burns, cataracts, damage to the nervous system,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and sterility. The U.S. government limits the exposure level, in general, to 10
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

milliwatts per square centimeter. Stricter limits are placed on microwave ovens.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Negative Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation. Human exposure to solar

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

ultraviolet radiation has important public health implications. Evidence of harm

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

associated with overexposure to UV has been demonstrated in many

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

studies. Skin cancer and malignant melanoma are among the most severe
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

health effects, but a series of other health effects have been identified. The
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

current report provides a quantification of the global disease burden associated

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

with UV. The information presented forms a knowledge base for the prevention of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

adverse effects of UV exposure that is achievable with known and accessible

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

interventions. UV prevention focuses on protecting the skin and other organs

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

from UV radiation. On the other hand, a moderate degree of UV exposure is

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

necessary for the production of Vitamin D which is essential for bone health.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Additionally, evidence emerges that low Vitamin D levels are likely to be

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

associated with other chronic diseases. Thus, public health policy on ultraviolet
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation needs to aim at preventing the disease burden associated both with
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

excessive and with insufficient UV exposure.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Negative Effects of Radiation on the Environment. Radiation occurs

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

naturally when the nuclei of radioactive elements decay. Heat and light are forms
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of radiation that are generally not considered harmful. However, many forms of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation, such as radiation which occurs in nuclear reactions, is deadly and can
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

potentially cause long term environmental problems and damage. (Earle,2009).

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The environmental effects of radio frequencies are also largely unclear.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Migrating birds have been known to fly right into cell phone and other
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

communications towers. Some blame the radiation emanating from such towers
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

for disorienting the birds and undermining their navigational abilities. Others
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

chalk such incidents up to poor visibility associated with bad weather and nothing
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

more. Some farmers have observed that cows grazing near cell towers are more
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

likely to experience still births, spontaneous abortions, birth deformities and

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

behavioral problems, not to mention general declines in overall health. Moving

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

cattle herds away from such towers has reportedly led to immediate health
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

improvements.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Radiation can cause severe cellular damage in seeds which sometimes

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

prevents them from sprouting and germinating, thus affecting the ability of plants
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

to reproduce. In addition, radiation can cause genetic mutations in growing plants

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

which can hurt their ability to survive.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Radiation can trigger genetic changes in the cells of animals which result
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

in the cells growing out of control. These out of control cell clusters are
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

cancerous tumors. In addition, higher levels of radiation can cause damage to

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

capillaries and small blood vessels, these higher levels can sometimes result in
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

catastrophic heart failure or brain aneurysms. Because radiation is often

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

accompanied by intense heat, which is simply a different type of radiation,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

exposure to intense radiation can often "cook" an animal. Some forms of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation, such as microwave radiation, will cause animal life to "cook" from the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

inside out.
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Chapter 3
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Method of Research to Be Used

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

This study intends to investigate regarding the effects of computer

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

radiation to the students.This will give a thought regarding the negative effects of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

using too much computer of every students spending their time,Furthermore to

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

avoid of being expose on computers.A helpful research, which creates answer

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

for an issue, we will observed. Based on the difination of wikipedia, there are
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

most of the students spending their time of computer users rather than spending
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

time on their study.This sort of approach to all students that they need to
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

minimize their time by using computer.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Population, Sample size, Sampling Techniques

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The study had 50 respondents directly from the chosen senior high school
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

student of Christ the King College of Science and Technology. There are 3
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

sections on grade 11 and has 30 above students each. Purposively, the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

researchers chose three sections or 50 students as the respondents of the study.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The population of this study composed of the students, to asked about some
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

effects when they are using computers.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Data Gathering Procedures

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

In conducting the study, the researchers have undergone procedures in

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

gathering data. To start the study, the researchers prepared request letters
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

addressed to the principal of the identified senior high school within the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Jaysonville II Subd.Muntinlupa City, who granted the permission to conduct a

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

study on how the Computer Radiation effects to the Grade 11 Information

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Communication and Teachnology Students in Christ the King College of Science

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and Technology. After the approval of the letter, the researchers conducted the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

actual study. First we plan on how we will do the study about computer radiation
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and it comes to an idea, and create a question to be use as our guide. We also
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

conducted an interview to some of the students in Christ the King. The instructed
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

interview is mostly a question and answer session, to gather more information

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and idea about this topic we browse and visit some website.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Research Instrument
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The researchers used computer radiation as instruments of the study. The

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

researchers know how really effects of computer radiation to the students. The
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

researchers also and how a student can limit the use of computer.
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Validation of Instrument
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The researchers used computer radiation in administering the study. Then

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the researchers know the effects of the computer radiation and the researchers
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

were reviewed it to the teachers of the students. After the result and comments of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

their teacher, the researchers adminstered them to the selected senior high
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

school students in Christ the King College of Science and Technology.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Statistical Treatment of Data

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The following statistical tools were utilized in the data gathered:

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

1.Percentage – was used to get the percent of the respondent categorized by

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

their gender and age.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The formula of percentage:

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

𝑓
𝐏= × 100
𝑛
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Where:
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

P – percentage
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

f – frequency
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

n – total number of population

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

2.Weighted Mean – used to identify the average mean scores of students in the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

formative tests given every after the lesson.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The formula for mean:

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

∑ 𝒇𝒙
̅=
𝒙
∑𝒇
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Where: 𝑥̅ – Mean
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

∑ 𝑓𝑥 – Sum of the product of weights multiplied by their respected

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

frequency
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

∑ 𝑓 – sum of all respondent

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Effects of playing Wordscapes in Grade 11 Information

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and Communication Technology students in

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Christ the King College of Science and

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Technology (S.Y. 2018-2019)

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

A Thesis submitted in Partial Fulfilment of Requirements

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Of the Grade 12 - ICT in Inquiries

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Investigation and Immersion

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Submitted By:
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Aguilar, Ace Mark S.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Submitted To:
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

De Vera, Mary Jane T.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Inquiries Investigation and Immersion Teacher

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

CHAPTER 1
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

INTRO0044xUCTION
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes is a brain challenging fun game which is made with the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

combination of word search and crosswords. The game starts with easy puzzles
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and becomes challenging. There are over 800 puzzles in this game which is
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

really amazing. Though, the developers call it modern word game, it’s quite
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

regular word games. I mean, not too much unique like Alpha Swipe or Under a
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Spell. But, it’s really enjoyable and one of the most addicting word puzzle game.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The gameplay is simple. You have to make words using given alphabets.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Actually, you have to make lots of words using same letters on one level. To
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

make words, swipe your fingers from one letter to another to make a word. If you
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

create a correct word, it will fill the puzzle boxes automatically, and then you
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

have to make another word. Sounds easy, right? But, not always. Harder levels
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

are really too much challenging. You need to pay concentration to complete
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

levels faster. But if you stuck somewhere, you can use Hints.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

In this game, you can stimulate your mind by visiting 10 beautiful locations
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

named Sunrise, Forest, Canyon, Sky, Tropic, Mountain, Winter, Flora, Autumn
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and, Jungle. The site names make you interested in playing this game. Visually,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes is 2D. The graphics are good enough as well as colourful. The
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

game is very user-friendly that you can easily handle it. Music and sound are
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

also cool, but you can mute them in the Settings folder.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Games have great educational potential in addition to their entertainment

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

value. Games specifically designed to address a specific problem or teach a

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

specific skill have been very successful, precisely because they are motivating,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

engaging, interactive, and provide rewards and reinforcement to improve.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Objective or Purpose of the Study

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

This study wants to know the effects of playing wordscapes to the grade
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

11 ICT students of Christ the King College of Science and Technology.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Research Question
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Specially, the study aims to seek answers to the following

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

sub problems:
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

1. What are the possible effects of playing wordscapes?

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

2. How it effects on their studies of playing wordscapes?

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

3. How many hours they spends their time?

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

This study is to know the significant or who will be the benefits to the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

following.
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

STUDENTS— In this study, they will inform how wordscapes effects on their
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

studies. And to know their limitation of playing wordscapes and how it challenge our
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

brains because of the different combination word.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

TEACHERS— They will guide the students that they need to minimize of playing
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

wordscapes because it can effects on their studies.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

FUTURE RESEARCHER— In this case, the future researcher will give an information
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

about playing wordscapes. They are also who one's to solve the problem based on their
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

research title.
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Conceptual Framework
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Effects of playing Wordscapes

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

CAUSE: EFFECTS:

This text twist of a word game is Games have great educational

tremendous brain challenging fun. potential in addition to their
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

There are over 800 puzzles in this game which is really amazing. Though,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the developers call it modern word game, it’s quite regular word games. I mean,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

not too much unique like Alpha Swipe or Under a Spell. But, it’s really enjoyable
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and one of the most addicting word puzzle game. The gameplay is simple. You
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

have to make words using given alphabets. Actually, you have to make lots of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

words using same letters on one level. To make words, swipe your fingers from
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

one letter to another to make a word. If you create a correct word, it will fill the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

puzzle boxes automatically, and then you have to make another word. Sounds
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

easy, right? But, not always. Harder levels are really too much challenging. You
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

need to pay concentration to complete levels faster. But if you stuck somewhere,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

you can use Hints.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Scope and Delimatation

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

If you not control yourself in the game of Wordscapes can result in

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

negative effects in children. Moreover, equal accessibility and information

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

security are issues that are essential parts of the development and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

implementation of technology, as well as of health games. Use of digital games

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

can be restrained by the absence of ownership and poor accessibility to digital

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

devices or lack of needed skills for technology use. The game play can be also
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

inaccessible because of some disability such as visual impairment. In addition,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

health related technology may interest also those with malicious aims. Thus, all
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

health applications including any personal or health information should be

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

secured from different kind of cyber‐attacks.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Theoretical Framework
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Missing word, for our purposes, is a word, phrase, object, image or

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

concept which is hidden in such a way that it may be uncovered, with the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

intention that the process of uncovering it will be entertaining.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

All wordsare based on all of words or unfamiliar wordsin which we are

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

prone to misinterpreting our environment. For instance, many words with different
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

spellings and meanings sound alike when spoken. This

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

confusing inconvenience can be used to create a puzzle:

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes play on those niches in the day to day human experience between
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

certainty and the unknown where frequent errors occur. Any error common to
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

humans in general can be turned into a words. Illusions work in the same way,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

illusions trigger those aspects of the human interpretation of the senses that
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

consistently fail to correctly convey reality. Word s are a catalog of the limitations
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and weaknesses of the human mind. Perhaps the reason solving words is
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

enjoyable is because we are hardwired to receive pleasure when we overcome

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

our weaknesses.
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Definition of Terms
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

a.Wordscape- A landscape constructed from words or language; a word collage.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

b.Unfamilliar Words-Not famillliar words or not popular words.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

c.Scape-a long, leafless flower stalk coming directly from a root.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

d.Word-a single distinct meaningful element of speech or writing, used with

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

others (or sometimes alone) to form a sentence and typically shown with a space
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

on either side when written or printed.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

This modern word game combines the best of word searching and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

crosswords for tremendous brain challenging fun! You’ll never experience a dull
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

moment after you try this most addicting word puzzle game! Play this crossword
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

puzzle once and you won’t be able to put it down! - Escape and stimulate your
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

mind by visiting the beautiful destinations of Wordscapes! - Get your word hunt
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

on with over 2,500 puzzles! - Challenge your brain – this word search starts easy
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and becomes challenging fast! Wordscapes is a perfect fit for fans of popular
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

word games, by combining the best of word search games and crossword
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

puzzles. HOW TO PLAY Wordscapes - Correct swipe the letters horizontally,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

vertically, diagonally, forwards or backwards to form a specific hidden word. -Find

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

as many words as possible to unlock levels and earn extra bonus coins. -Fill in
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

every block with a word! Earn coins when you discover star words. - Have
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

difficulty coming up with the word? You can use coins to buy a hint to help solve
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the level.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes isn't a bad game exactly, but it tends to drag on and on

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

initially until you reach a Somewhat challenging level. You have to go through
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

every level, one by one by one, etc. to unlock the next level. If you find the levels
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

too easy, you can't skip ahead. And if you have a better vocabulary than the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

game, it can be quite frustrating to guess which ones the game will accept. I'm on
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

level 99 and was able to do maybe 90 of those in my sleep. But, I stuck with it
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and now find myself having somewhat more fun. One good thing: There are ads,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

but not too many and they are easily deleted. PS - I finally deleted the game. I
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

knew so many more words than the game that it became a sort-of trial and error
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

situation. You try every possible combination of letters until you hit the correct
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

one. You are not rewarded for your knowledge, but only for guessing correctly.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Yawn.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes is a game developed by People Fun Inc and is a big hit with
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

most players. Wordscapes is a game where you get a variety of letters and you
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

have to make as many words possible out of them. Every new level has a new
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

scene of nature in the background. And the higher the level the harder it gets
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

with more letters and longer, tougher words. The game has a 5-star rating on
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

both the App Store and Google Play. Wordscapes is enjoyed by audiences from
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

8 and up some comments reading “This is a great game to get my children

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

thinking about vocabulary and spelling.” People Fun Inc has made a variety of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

games including.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes uncrossed which takes away the crossword aesthetic from

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the original game. I think that many people will enjoy this game with the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

challenges it brings. I like it because the puzzles aren’t impossible and you learn
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

from it, too.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

According to Christine Blaney and Liam McComish.Wordscape is a

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

learning environment where children can use physical play to interact with and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

control words, images and animations which are projected on walls or screens.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The focus is on playing with words and letterforms. The Wordscape environment
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

motivates children to develop their language and literacy skills. Children can
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

explore, interact with, manipulate and control words individually or collaborate

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

with others to make things happen. Sound and movement sensors pick up their
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

interactions and trigger changes in typographical elements of the story, to make

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

images appear, play music and sounds and get visual/sound clues about the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

meanings of specific words. Wordscape uses new technology alongside

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

traditional methods (drawing, painting, playing) to reinforce children’s literacy

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

learning. Wordscape uses active and interactive physical play away from the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

computer screen, TV, white board or games console. It provides a fun space so
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

that children including ‘reluctant learners’ will be motivated to return to it again

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and again, reinforcing their word skills and developing social skills. The
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

environment can transform the way children learn by creating new learning
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

spaces that are also play spaces. The focus, scale and physical interaction of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

wordscape is new and exciting and we are continuing to develop the project and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

gather feedback from children to discover what is possible.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Parents need to know that WordScapes is a word spelling game for iOS
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and Android devices. Gameplay is a mix of crossword and word search puzzles.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

There isn't a comprehensive set of directions, so players may be a little unclear

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

about what they're earning when they finish rounds and what they're working
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

toward. At least there isn't any inappropriate content, and gamers can't chat with
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

or meet other people using the app. Players can spend real money to purchase
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

in-game items like hints ranging from $.99 to $49.99, and they're subjected to
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

occasional ads unless they spend a one time fee to get rid of them.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

WORDSCAPES combines elements of a word search game and a

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

crossword puzzle. Players are given a few letters and are challenged to guess
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

what words they could form; you can shuffle the order of your letters or purchase
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

a hint for a 100 coins. There's no guess limit for a puzzle; to enter a guess, kids
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

drag their finger across each letter in a word. Players can also click on a button
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

to see word definitions. Puzzles are grouped into sections, such as forest and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

sunrise, that gamers move through as they complete rounds. Longer, more
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

difficult words pop up as levels are advanced.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

This word game app mixes in fun with learning elements to give players
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

an amusing time that can educate gamers while it entertains them. In

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes, players can scramble letters they're given to see if a different

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

formation will spark some spelling ideas, and they can get a detailed description
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of targeted words, which helps elevate the game to more than a just-for-fun
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

pastime. It's easy to play since you swipe to choose letters, and gamers
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

repeatedly see positive statements after they've guessed all the words in a
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

puzzle correctly, which provides encouragement to keep playing. They'll

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

consistently get more challenging puzzles as they do -- puzzles progress from

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

three to seven-letter words at higher difficulty levels, but these are phrases even
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

little kids should be able to recognize. The real challenge when you're asked, at
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

times, to come up with eight or so different words from just four letters, which
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

sometimes seems impossible.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The only big drawback is Wordscapes' lack of clear instructions. It's fairly
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

easy to figure out how to play, and there's a few quick pop up hints, but
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

otherwise, there's no tutorial on how to play or what you're doing through the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

game. As a result, players won't know how they're earning coins (the app's
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

currency for hints) or how levels are structured. Nor will they learn that you'll earn
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

a couple of coins for some bonus words that occasionally pop up. There's also no
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

randomly generated puzzles here; if you get stuck, you have to either spend your
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

earned coins for hints or pay for additional help to get past the word you're
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

having trouble with. That could make some gamers stop playing if they don't want
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

to pay for hints, and also limits its replayability. But if you can overlook this
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

problem and you want to give your brain a workout, Wordscapes is a fun little
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

challenge.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes is a free mobile crossword game developed by PeopleFun

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

that users of all ages can enjoy. It will make you rack your brains out as the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

levels get more challenging and words become more difficult to form. It is about
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

time to get the gears of your mind working, don’t you think?
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The game starts off really easy. Wordscapes will give you 3-4 letter words
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

to figure out during the first few levels. Consider it a warm-up if you will but do not
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

underestimate how hard and complicated the words will get as you progress.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

There is also a daily puzzle you will need to solve. It provides a different level of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

difficulty because it will ask you to form words in a particular order in the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

crossword.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes proves to be an excellent brain exercise because of its tricky

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

letter combinations, which can form many possible words. This is the perfect
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

game where you can test the extent of your vocabulary and also expand it. To
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

give you a taste of Wordscapes, how many words do you think you can make
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

with E D R D E E D N?
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Having a hard time? If you happen to get stuck, there is nothing to fear!
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes allows you to buy hints using the coins you have earned from the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

previous puzzles you have successfully completed. You will also receive coins
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

when you are able to form the bonus words that are not part of the main
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

crossword puzzle.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

A game for all.Wordscapes is a very entertaining and educational

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

game that can be played by everyone at any time and place. Kids and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

adults alike can find this game enjoyable.The background landscapes of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the game are colorful and pleasing to the eyes and you get to unlock more
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of them when you clear a level. Its calming music also helps you focus and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

think properly.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Technology has become an integral part of our lives. It has transformed our
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

lives in many ways. It makes life more convenient for us. Nowadays, adolescents
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

are more likely to be seen playing video games. Whenever a wave of teenage
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

violence strikes, movies, TV, or video games often take the heat. Some adults
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

assume that movies, TV, and video games are a bad influence on kids, and they
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

blame these media for causing various problems. Purported negative effects such
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

as addiction, increased aggression, and various health consequences such as

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

obesity and repetitive strain injuries tend to get far more media coverage than the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

positives. While there are some negatives on playing video games, there’s no
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

denying that they stop us from getting outside. There are also some benefits.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Surprisingly, playing video games can help our physical, mental, and emotional
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

health. We improve in ways that we never expected, whether we’re playing World
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of Warcraft with our friends, playing Call of Duty alone, or even pulling out the Wii
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

dancing in to the rhythm of Just Dance as an exercise. A growing number of

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

researchers said that if used in the right way, video and computer games have the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

potential to inspire learning. And they can help players improve coordination and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

visual skills.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Playing games such as puzzle games, word search, crosswords, mix and
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

matching, scrabble, etc. are brain stimulating problems that test one’s ingenuity.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

These games boost brain power which makes them a proper choice for use in
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

educational purposes besides just providing mere entertainment. They educate,

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

improve your intelligence quotient, improve your cognitive ability, improve your
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

concentration, enhance motor skills, improve your problem solving skills, improve
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

productivity and can improve your social skills.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Chapter 3
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Method of Research to Be Used

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The study intends to investigate regarding the effects of playing

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Wordscapes. This will give a thought regarding the Possitive or negative effects
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of that playing wordscapes.Additionally, a helpful research, which creates

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

answers for an issue, will be observed. Based from its definitions from Wikipedia,
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

it is the most widely recognized software engineering research technique. This

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

sort of approach requests a type of approval that didn't should be very as

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

experimentally based as in different kinds of research like exploratory research.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Population, Sample size, Sampling Techniques

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The population of this study composed of the ICT students are playing
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

wordscapes in Christ the king college of science and technology. Basically the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

respondents are asked about the problem that can give any information what is
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

wordscape all about .

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Description of Respondents
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The research will aim to gather information about the problem which is the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

effect of playing wordscapes. Having a constructive research method it will also

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

discuss the all of instruction and all of study about this game.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The respondents of this study are the ICT stundents of Christ the king
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

college of science and technology.We constructed a questionnaire and

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

conducted an interview or survey to 15 student. They shared some of the effects

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of the wordscapes app that they have encountered and told us what they have
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

done to help us on our study. Their answers gave us more idea about wordscape
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

because we not just rely on what we read it is based from their experienced.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Research Instrument
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The instrument that is utilized as a part of this exploration is simply the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

app which has the issue to tackle. Seeing in the wordscape game that has more
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

positive effect to all students. To accumulate more data, we additionally utilized

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the web to visit the diverse site that discussions about wordscaoes. Another
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

instrument that we used is the questionnaires that we used in conducting the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

interview.
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Data-gathering Procedure
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

First, we plan on how we will do the study about effects of playing

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

wordscape and it comes to an idea to sight a specific type of what is the good to
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

this game. Then, we set our objectives and create a question to be use as our
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

guide. We observed some of the stundents who play wordscape of our

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

respondents that has enjoyable game and that gave an idea about necessary
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

words. We also conducted an interview to some of the ICT student of Christ the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

king college of science and technology . The instructed interview is mostly a

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

question and answer session. To gather more information and idea about this
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

topic, we browse the internet and visit the different websites that discuss the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

game wordscapes. We search the effects of playing woprdscapes and the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

solution to the problem. After we gather the data, we study and understand its
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

concept and that we came out on this study.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Formulation of Instrument
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The researchers used a control self to avoid addicting children as

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

instruments of the study. The researchers focus on the instruction and what’s
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

about that game.Validation of Instrument

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The researchers used control self,and other can stop the over time in this
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

game. After the approval of the said persons, the researchers administered them
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

to the selected senior high school ICT stundents of Christ the King College of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Science and Technology.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Statistical Treatment of Data

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The following statistical tools were utilized in the data gathered:

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

1. Percentage – was used to get the percent of the respondent’s computer

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

specifications categorized by their Operating System and Processor

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Generation.
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The formula of percentage:

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

𝑓
𝐏= × 100
𝑛
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Where:
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

P – percentage
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

f – frequency
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

n – total number of population

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

2. Weighted Mean – used to identify the average mean rate of the positive
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

effect of playing wordscapes.

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The formula for mean:

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

∑ 𝒇𝒙
̅=
𝒙
∑𝒇
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Where: 𝑥̅ – Mean
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

∑ 𝑓𝑥 – Sum of the product of weights multiplied by their respected

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

frequency
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

∑ 𝑓 – sum of all respondent

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

1. t-test for Independent Mean – a parametric test of significance used to

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

means of two independent samples. In the study, it is used to find the

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

significant difference in the test scores of students between the control group
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

and experimental group.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The formula for t-test (independent):

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

𝑥
̅̅̅1 − ̅̅̅
𝑥2
𝑡=
𝑠2 𝑠2
√ 1+ 2
𝑛1 𝑛2
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Where:
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

𝑥1 = mean of sample 1
̅̅̅
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

𝑥2 = mean of sample 2
̅̅̅
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

n1 = number of cases in sample 1

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

n2 = number of cases in sample 2

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

𝑠12 = variance of sample 1

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

𝑠22 = variance of sample 2

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

2. t- test for Dependent or Correlated Mean- used to find the difference

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

between the two groups. A single sample is studies under two separate
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

conditions, two sets of measurement are obtained from these conditions. In

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the study, this is used to know the significant difference in the mathematics
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

attitude of students in the experimental group before and after the execution
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

of games.
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The formula for t-test (dependent):

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

∑𝐷
𝑡=
𝑁(∑ 𝐷2 ) − (∑ 𝐷)2
√
(𝑁 − 1)
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Where:
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

∑ 𝐷 = Summation of Difference
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

∑ 𝐷2 = Summation of Square of Difference

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

𝑁= Population
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

3. Pearson r (Pearson Product – Moment Correlation Coefficient) – is a

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

measure of the correlation (linear independence) between two variables x and

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

y, given a value between +1 and -1 inclusive. It is widely used in science as a

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

measure of the strength and weakness of the relation. It is used to identify if

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

there is a significant difference between the students who were exposed to

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

instructional games and those who were not exposed to instructional games
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

in terms of mathematics achievement and attitude.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The formula for Pearson r:

𝑛(∑ 𝑥𝑦) − (∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)

𝑟=
[√𝑛(∑ 𝑥 2 ) − (∑ 𝑥)2 ][√𝑛(∑ 𝑦 2 ) − (∑ 𝑦)2 ]

Where:

r – Pearson R
∑ 𝑥 – summation of the variable x

∑ 𝑦 - summation of the variable y

∑ 𝑥𝑦 – summation of the product of x and y variables

∑ 𝑥 2 – summation of the squares of x

∑ 𝑦 2 – summation of the squares of y

n – total number of values

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

± 1.0 Perfect Positive Correlation/ Perfect Negative Correlations

± 0.80 − ± 0.99 Very High Positive Correlation/ Very High Negative Correlation

± 0.60 − ± 0.79 High Positive Correlation/ High Negative Correlation

± 0.40 − ± 0.59 Moderate Correlation/Marked Correlation

± 0.20 − ± 0.39 Low Correlation/Substantial Correlation

± 0.01 − ± 0.19 Slight Correlation/ Negligible Correlation

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

below is a guide in interpreting coefficients of correlation

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

4. t-value (statistically significant) – is one in which a difference between two

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

groups is unlikely to have occurred because the sample happened to be

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

atypical. Statistical significance is determined by the size of the difference

 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

between the group averages, the sample size, and the standard deviations of
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

the groups. For practical purposes statistical significance suggests that the
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

two larger populations from which we sample are “actually” different.

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

The formula for T-value:

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

𝑟√𝑁 − 2
𝑡=
√1 − 𝑟 2
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

Where:
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

t – t-value
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

r - Pearson r
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY

N - Population
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY
 CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JAYSONVILLE II SUBD., PUTATAN, MUNTINLUPA CITY