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APPENDIX F

DATA SHEET

Overview

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328

(datasheet). It has 14 digital

input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs,

a 16 MHz ceramic

resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset

button. It contains everything

needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a

USB cable or power it

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with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-

to-serial driver chip.

Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)

programmed as a USB-to-serial

converter.

Revision 2 of the Uno board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground,

making it easier to put

into DFU mode.

Revision 3 of the board has the following new features:

 1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two

other new pins

placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the

voltage provided

from the board. In future, shields will be compatible both with the board that

use the AVR,

which operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V. The

second one is a

not connected pin, that is reserved for future purposes.

 Stronger RESET circuit.

 Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.

"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of
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Arduino 1.0. The Uno and

version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno

is the latest in a series

of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for a

comparison with

previous versions, see the index of Arduino boards.

Summary

Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Schematic & Reference Design

EAGLE files: arduino-uno-Rev3-reference-design.zip (NOTE: works with Eagle

6.0 and newer)

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Schematic: arduino-uno-Rev3-schematic.pdf

Note: The Arduino reference design can use an Atmega8, 168, or 328, Current

models use an

ATmega328, but an Atmega8 is shown in the schematic for reference. The pin

configuration is identical

on all three processors.

Power

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external

power supply. The power

source is selected automatically.

External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-

wart) or battery. The

adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the

board's power jack. Leads

from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER

connector.

The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with

less than 7V, however,

the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If

using more than 12V, the

voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended

range is 7 to 12 volts.
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The power pins are as follows:

 VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external

power source (as

opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source).

You can supply

voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it

through this pin.

 5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The

board can be supplied

with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or

the VIN pin of

the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the

regulator, and can

damage your board. We don't advise it.

 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum

current draw is 50 mA.

 GND. Ground pins.

Memory

The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2

KB of SRAM and 1 KB

of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).

Input and Output

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Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output,

using pinMode(),

digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can

provide or receive a

maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by

default) of 20-50 kOhms. In

addition, some pins have specialized functions:

 Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial

data. These pins

are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial

chip.

 External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an

interrupt on a low

value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt()

function for

details.

 PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the

analogWrite() function.

 SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI

communication

using the SPI library.

 LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is
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HIGH value, the

LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10

bits of resolution (i.e.

1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though

is it possible to change

the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference()

function. Additionally, some

pins have specialized functionality:

 TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using

the Wire library.

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

 AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().

 Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add

a reset button to

shields which block the one on the board.

See also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega328 ports. The

mapping for the Atmega8,

168, and 328 is identical.

Communication

The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a

computer, another Arduino, or

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other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial

communication, which is

available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board

channels this serial

communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the

computer. The '16U2

firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is

needed. However, on Windows,

a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which

allows simple textual data to

be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will

flash when data is being

transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer

(but not for serial

communication on pins 0 and 1).

A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Uno's

digital pins.

The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino

software includes a

Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation for details.

For SPI communication,

use the SPI library.

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Programming

The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download).

Select "Arduino Uno from

the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For

details, see the

reference and tutorials.

The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a bootloader that

allows you to upload new

code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It

communicates using the original

STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).

You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through

the ICSP (In-Circuit

Serial Programming) header; see these instructions for details.

The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware source code is

available . The

ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a DFU bootloader, which can be activated by:

 On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near

the map of Italy)

and then resetting the 8U2.

 On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB

line to ground,
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making it easier to put into DFU mode.

You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU programmer

(Mac OS X and Linux) to

load a new firmware. Or you can use the ISP header with an external

programmer (overwriting the

DFU bootloader). See this user-contributed tutorial for more information.

Automatic (Software) Reset

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the

Arduino Uno is

designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected

computer. One of the

hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2/16U2 is connected to the

reset line of the

ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken

low), the reset line drops

long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to

allow you to upload code by

simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means

that the bootloader can

have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with

the start of the upload.

This setup has other implications. When the Uno is connected to either a
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computer running Mac OS X

or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB).

For the following halfsecond or so, the bootloader is running on the Uno. While

it is programmed to ignore malformed data

(i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes

of data sent to the

board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives

one-time configuration or

other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it

communicates waits a second

after opening the connection and before sending this data.

The Uno contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on

either side of the trace

can be soldered together to re-enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also

be able to disable the

auto-reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line; see this

forum thread for

details.

USB Overcurrent Protection

The Arduino Uno has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB

ports from shorts and

overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection,

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the fuse provides an extra

layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse

will automatically break

the connection until the short or overload is removed.

Physical Characteristics

The maximum length and width of the Uno PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches

respectively, with the USB

connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension. Four screw

holes allow the board to

be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7

and 8 is 160 mil

(0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.

Product features: The I2C 1602 LCD module is a 2 line by 16 character

display interfaced to an I2C daughter board. The I2C interface only requires 2
data connections, +5 VDC and GND For in depth information on I2C interface
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and history, visit: http://www.wikipedia/wiki/i2c

Specifications:
2 lines by 16 character
I2C Address Range 0x20 to 0x27 (Default=0x27, addressable)
Operating Voltage 5 Vdc
Backlight White
Adjustable by potentiometer on I2c interface
80mm x 36mm x 20 mm
66mm x 16mm
Power:
The device is powered by a single 5Vdc connection.
Contrast
Size
Viewable area
Pinout Diagram:
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AC digital display Multifunction Meter

Product Type: PZEM-004(V3.0)

A. Function
1. Ectrical parameter measurement function (voltage, current, active power,
energy).
2. Overload alarm function (over power alarm threshold the power flash and
the buzzer beeping to alarm).
3. Power alarm threshold preset function ( can set power alarm threshold).
4. The reset function of energy key.
5. Store data when power off (store the accumulated energy before power off).
6. Bright red digital display function (display voltage, current, active power,
energy).
7. Serial communication function (with TTL serial interface itself, can
communicate with a variety of
terminal through the pin board, read and set the parameters).
B. Front display and key
I. Display Interface
Display interface is formed by four bright red digital tubes, used to display the
voltage, current, power,
energy parameters.
II. Display Format
1. Power: Test Range: 0 ~ 22kW
Within 0 ~ 10kW, the display format is 0.000 ~ 9.999;
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Within 10 ~ 22kW, the display format is 10.00 ~ 22.00.

2. Energy: Test Range: 0 ~ 9999kWh
Within 0 ~ 10kWh, the display format is 0.000 ~ 9.999;
Within 10 ~ 100kWh, the display format is 10.00 ~ 99.99;
Within 100 ~ 1000kWh, the display format is 100.0 ~ 999.9;
1000 ~ 9999kWh and above, the display format is 1000 ~ 9999.
3. Voltage: Test Range: 80 ~ 260VAC
Display Format is 110.0 ~ 220.0.
4. Current: Test Range: 0 ~ 100A
Display Format is 00.00 ~ 99.99.
III. Key
There is a key on the panel, it can be used to reset energy.
The method of reset energy: Long press the key for 5 seconds until the digital
on energy display window
flicker, then release the key. Short press the key again, then the energy data is
cleared and quit the
flickering state, now the reset operation is completed; if long press for 5
seconds again until no longer
flicker, it means exit the reset state.
C. Wiring diagram

The wiring of this module is divided into two parts: the voltage and current test
input terminal wiring and
the serial communication wiring, as shown in Figure 1; according to the actual
needs of the clients, with
different TTL pin board to achieve communicate with different terminals.
D. Display Interface
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The whole meter panel display window is formed by four windows, they are
voltage, current, power and
energy; the following are brief description of each parameter display:
1. Voltage Display
Measure and display the current power frequency grid voltage.
2. Current display
Measure and display the current load (appliances) current. There is
supplementary instruction that the
current test value is from the beginning of 10mA , but this module belongs to
high power test equipment, if
you care about the mA level current testing accuracy, it is not be
recommended.
3. Energy display
Measure and display the current accumulative power consumption. There is
supplementary instruction
that the minimum unit of the energy metering is 0.001kWh,which means it
begins to accumulate from 1Wh,
relatively speaking, the resolution is rather high, for the low-power(within
100W)load test, you can
observe the accumulative process rather intuitively.
4. Power display
Measure and display the current load power. There is supplementary
instruction that the power test value
is from the beginning of 0.001kW , which means it begins to test from 1W, but
this module belongs to high
power test equipment, if you have the requirement of the testing within 1W, it
is not be recommended.
E. Serial communication
This module is equipped with TTL serial data communication interface, you can
read and set the relevant
parameters via the serial port; but if you want to communicate with a device
which has USB or RS232 (such
as computer), you need to be equipped with different TTL pin board (USB
communication needs to be
equipped with TTL to USB pin board; RS232 communication needs to be
equipped with TTL to RS232 pin
board), the specific connection type as shown in Figure 2. In the below table
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are the communication

protocols of this module:

Illustration of the communication protocol example：

1. Set the communication address: 192.168.1.1

Send command: B4 C0 A8 01 01 00 1E

Reply data: A4 00 00 00 00 00 A4

Note: The above example illustrate that setting the communication address as
192.168.1.1 (the user

can set their own address based on their preferences and needs), sending
commands and replying data
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automatically are as shown above, the data are expressed in hexadecimal; the
last byte of the sending

and replying data are 1E and A4, belong to cumulative sum. At sending
commands: B4 + C0 + A8 + 01 +

01 + 00 = 21E (use the hexadecimal addition), the cumulative sum data is 21E,
take the last two bytes

1E to be used the cumulative sum data in sending commands; data in reply:

A4 + 00 + 00 + 00 + 00 + 00

= A4 (use the hexadecimal addition),the cumulative sum data is A4,which is

the cumulative sum data in

reply.

The explanation of the cumulative sum is now finished, the following parameter
examples are the same

as this, there is no explanation any more.

2. Set the power alarm threshold:20 KW

Send command: B5 C0 A8 01 01 14 33

Reply data: A5 00 00 00 00 00 A5

Note: 14 in the sending command is the alarm value (14 is a hexadecimal data
representation, which

converted to decimal is 20). What you should note is the power alarm value of
this module is based on

KW units, which means the minimum alarm value is 1KW, the maximum value
is 22KW.

3. Read the current voltage

Send command: B0 C0 A8 01 01 00 1A

Reply data: A0 00 E6 02 00 00 88
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Note: Reply voltage data is D1D2D3 = 00 E6 02,00 E6 represent the integer-bit

of the voltage, 02

represent the decimal of the voltage, the decimal is one digit, converts 00 E6 to
decimal is 230;

converts 02 to decimal is 2, so the current voltage value is 230.2V.

4. Read the current current

Send command: B1 C0 A8 01 01 00 1B

Reply data: A1 00 11 20 00 00 D2

Note: Reply current data is D2D3 = 11 20,11 represent the integer-bit of the
current, 20 represent the

decimal of the current, the current decimal is two digits, converts 11 to decimal
is 17; converts 20 to

decimal is 32, so the current current value is 17.32 A.

5. Read the current power

Send command: B2 C0 A8 01 01 00 1C

Reply data: A2 08 98 00 00 00 42

Note: Reply power data is D1D2 = 08 98, converts 08 98 to decimal is 2200, so

the current voltage

value is 2200W.

6. Read the energy

Send command: B3 C0 A8 01 01 00 1D

Reply data: A3 01 86 9F 00 00 C9

Note: Reply energy data is D1D2D3 = 01 86 9F, converts 01 86 9F to decimal is

99999, so the

accumulated power is 99999Wh.

F. Illustration of the communication

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1. Connect hard wire according to the wiring diagram in figure 1 and 2.

2. After connect the wire, please choose the communication port, this module’s
upper computer software

support communication port: COM2\COM3\COM4, you can check through

device manager, if it is not the

above communication port, you should amend it through port.

G. Precautions

1. This module is suitable for indoor, please do not use outdoor.

2. Applied load should not exceed the rated power.

3. Wiring order can’t be wrong.

H. Specification parameters

1. Working voltage: 80 ~ 260VAC

2. Test voltage: 80 ~ 260VAC

3. Rated power: 100A/22000W

4. Operating frequency: 45-65Hz

5. Measurement accuracy: 1.0 grade

4 Channel 5V Optical Isolated Relay Module

This is a LOW Level 5V 4-channel relay interface board, and each channel
needs a 15-20mA
driver current. It can be used to control various appliances and equipment with
large current.
It is equipped with high-current relays that work under AC250V 10A or DC30V
10A. It has
a standard interface that can be controlled directly by microcontroller. This
module is
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optically isolated from high voltage side for safety requirement and also prevent
ground loop
when interface to microcontroller.

Brief Data: •
Relay Maximum output: DC 30V/10A, AC 250V/10A. • 4 Channel Relay Module with Opto-coupler. LOW
Level Trigger expansion board, which is compatible with Arduino control board. • Standard interface
that can be controlled directly by microcontroller ( 8051, AVR, *PIC, DSP, ARM, ARM, MSP430, TTL logic).
• Relay of high quality low noise relays SPDT. A common terminal, a normally open, one normally closed
terminal. • Opto-Coupler isolation, for high voltage safety and prevent ground loop with microcontroller

Schematic: VCC and RY-VCC are also the power supply of the relay module. When you need to drive a
large power load, you can take the jumper cap off and connect an extra power to RY-VCC to supply the
relay; connect VCC to 5V of the MCU board to supply input signals. NOTES: If you want complete optical
isolation, connect "Vcc" to Arduino +5 volts but do NOT connect Arduino Ground. Remove the Vcc to JD-
Vcc jumper. Connect a separate +5 supply to "JD-Vcc" and board Gnd. This will supply power to the
transistor drivers and relay coils. If relay isolation is enough for your application, connect Arduino +5 and
Gnd, and leave Vcc to JD-Vcc jumper in place.
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It is sometimes possible to use this relay boards with 3.3V signals, if the JD-VCC (Relay Power) is
provided from a +5V supply and the VCC to JD-VCC jumper is removed. That 5V relay supply could be
totally isolated from the 3.3V device, or have a common ground if opto-isolation is not needed. If used
with isolated 3.3V signals, VCC (To the input of the opto-isolator, next to the IN pins) should be
connected to the 3.3V device's +3.3V supply. NOTE: Some Raspberry-Pi users have found that some
relays are reliable and others do not actuate sometimes. It may be necessary to change the value of R1
from 1000 ohms to something like 220 ohms, or supply +5V to the VCC connection. NOTE: The digital
inputs from Arduino are Active LOW: The relay actuates and LED lights when the input pin is LOW, and
turns off on HIGH
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Operating Principle: See the picture below: A is an electromagnet, B armature, C spring, D moving
contact, and E fixed contacts. There are two fixed contacts, a normally closed one and a normally open
one. When the coil is not energized, the normally open contact is the one that is off, while the normally
closed one is the other that is on.

Supply voltage to the coil and some currents will pass through the coil thus generating the
electromagnetic effect. So the armature overcomes the tension of the spring and is attracted to the
core, thus closing the moving contact of the armature and the normally open (NO) contact or you may
say releasing the former and the normally closed (NC) contact. After the coil is de-energized, the
electromagnetic force disappears and the armature moves back to the original position, releasing the
moving contact and normally closed contact. The closing and releasing of the contacts results in power
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on and off of the circuit.

Input: VCC : Connected to positive supply voltage (supply power according to relay voltage) GND :
Connected to supply ground. IN1: Signal triggering terminal 1 of relay module IN2: Signal triggering
terminal 2 of relay module IN3: Signal triggering terminal 3 of relay module IN4: Signal triggering
terminal 4 of relay module
Output: Each module of the relay has one NC (normally close), one NO (normally open) and one COM
(Common) terminal. So there are 4 NC, 4 NO and 4 COM of the channel relay in total. NC stands for the
normal close port contact and the state without power. NO stands for the normal open port contact and
the state with power. COM means the common port. You can choose NC port or NO port according to
whether power or not.
Testing Setup: When a low level is supplied to signal terminal of the 4-channel relay, the LED at the
output terminal will light up. Otherwise, it will turn off. If a periodic high and low level is supplied to the
signal terminal, you can see the LED will cycle between on and off. For Arduino： Step 1： Connect
the signal terminal IN1、 IN2, IN3 & IN4 of 4-channel relay to digital pin 4, 5, 6, 7
of the Arduino Uno or ATMega2560 board, and connect an LED at the output terminal.
IN1> 4; IN2> 5; IN3>6; IN4>7 Step 2: Upload the sketch "4 Channel Relay Demo " to the Arduino
Uno or ATMega2560 board. Then you can see the LED cycle between on and off. The actual figure is
shown below:
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Arduino Sketch: 4 Channel Relay Demo

/************************************************
Name： 4 channel_relay
Description: control the 4 channel relay module to ON or OFF
Website: www.handsontec.com
Email: [email protected]
*****************************************************/
//the relays connect to
int RelayControl1 = 4; // Digital Arduino Pin used to control the motor
int RelayControl2 = 5;
int RelayControl3 = 6;
int RelayControl4 = 7;
void setup()
{
Serial. begin(9600);
pinMode(RelayControl1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RelayControl2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RelayControl3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RelayControl4, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(RelayControl1, HIGH); // NO1 and COM1 Connected (LED on)
delay(1000);

digitalWrite(RelayControl1, LOW); // NO1 and COM1 disconnected (LED off)

delay(1000);
digitalWrite(RelayControl2, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(RelayControl2, LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(RelayControl3, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(RelayControl3, LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(RelayControl4, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(RelayControl4, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
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 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique
 Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Sibalom, Antique