' Jhc r\erne,nlg

- +hr t\t e\Cmcnt ot cornlgnen\ ls th( malcna\ wh\ ch en\ou and \trtvcs the
beuS
S\rt t't in o sirqtc shcqrq 0r OnL yyh\Ct1 onte$ qnd \tqvcs Wilhbut 0'\ changt:
* condthOrr tnr -lhe sott-\tron r

- -he PrDblern ean bc SD\ver,\

Q, rqucfr ry.) < \,\nY-rlOWn

- {ht yrDb\qrn ccnnbl be sc'\vfA

ltchntquee hr 9o\u'n1
l. Dcaw a d\aqr'arn Frsi,
), LGbe\ *hr *\uW oP eqc\n sheqrn and OsgocrG\ed comlosfirbn wth sgrnbo\S
).Egcbirsb overo\ pnqfenq\ uo\anqs,'tt coflrrq be so\rj(d, ptoCeed t-D
cornlonent bo\a[ce.'
q' c\ec\t *tre cbnd\hDllg .

. g, So\vt , t\on .httY i\g ansv{erg Ur1 :Ubst'hl\Oh.

Scmgrc Pro b1so1g :

\. EqT Gre sortCd \nn tuo stx.e L\argc onc\ extrG \arge) oy +h{ c\tqr{u\ ch\cVCQ c.tatrg
\jrn\ortr,tno\e\\, busrness haS no1 be{n qood \o}e\5 , Qnd srnc( ht, cherrtu\ cYllc\cevt'9
tc - ar o\A - a 91 - sDrh n1 rnachrnc $p611\ lArre qP tht qhusl *h*e h qW b((n no tr'tn aV
ge
"1'11 frnn's sharWh - t\to\ eqptoqcrS
araitobr..- \o rep\c\ce rI.'\nsead, o\d rodr, onc of
'tn rl\s n5$ honc\ OnA on '.x-\ar6on
haS betn qurippcd vtlllh cr" \G.rgc" .ubber sionp
e

ag it qAaS
Sraqg 'rn hrs te\i and assrSned t non? aoch e51 Wrlt Jhe apn,pna\e 165s\
"bl on ihr Cbnve$or bt\l' Down *rre {tq0, onD}\Lr tntp\D5cO pr.$S fi\t (S9 rrrtr,o cn::,
e.ch q3 occotArns t0 \ls slaqp the qs+frn w.tvs *o:::10,\ .:l'
o\ two hogpers,

o\\ rhrnls t0ns\deru\r L*c4t ti\01

o\4 twa has 6 \eari\ har'd qnc\ on avef'fi$e b\tqB
ot
m.lo a\ +nCI raU 0t$ thq.\ )dse b'1 Yirrn Lac\q m\n\nY' At tnt sdrYlt lrYlie r O ttatcL
$,aTf\ rewa\q a tiroWralC 0t 10
et$ lnirn' o\ Y$h\e\A A$ t,t-l\ \Ynlh
fie " x- \arqe"
r.{$ \c,q\e {hc y\an\ eoch rn\rM\e , anot w[atr tmohwr
ftrt brbve\\, how
^rtrrf
1or{r-"

o\ \trurr art brtY'trr )

6iwn '
*
oe . laD q3s lrni4 BrO pen
, (.6,6,
,
JJ
ng [[racr,on bnY;.n)
3o'/o 61 e-$ls o,r brbW)
Frc\chCl"l br?Y-(n =
nx_\6r$c
' lD c0J0J lnt\I)

Yl
Y -\c\r$t lurot"tn = fls qP Inrirt

DtaGtctttl :
,)

egg ( xo - Qr €t$ \min'',

x -\arte \x . to (t$s\rn\ni
tuo I nnn
sr5st( rn
r\a

tCIf$L
)MBr h.. X-\citqe t \arge

Sirl cL \?D =], I \ctrXo- firc\tn ecJr) bo\an re

\20 tO,3o) = ar + 50 C Br-u"Ve'l \ar$e tflr)
\anqr - * .t$lnnr)
\ 3fu , qs \ 'so
BLE'_]L t c"a?
su

2 . Strawbe n0( ccnl c\n obotr\ \\ Wl l,

r d9 ofi ff *f ols Ua\rr. 1c ntaV.e strnwbaJ
o
S 0\
A s${Ar crt mjXA
'rn cl, 45 ,55 p6OSg {CI\r0, 'ina
JGnl , ct't\shgC.\ 51lc\wb{tt;r9 Gn
"l'h( r€grdrtte c0n1(\n9 cnt - 1t,'t d
ihe nitXlrrtc ls h0r*fd h, errQyOr ahe Yuc*eF Unn\ (\t n(edfd 'Yb nldle
wG\er bu) m:sr, co\ctr\q\e htw *on'\ Pct\flAs cl sJI{lV\l\Xmles
c\ y tr\fr r\ 9? J6'\ ,

Draqrcnr; oontloncnl bo\(t)ce \n slttAs cnd st\$fir '

slrn\tibr!ft\ Jdrvl Lt tu) 0.\tsb t Su gJ

5|r0ur5g161
----------------f
r)1 6a\c" "l?
K')r soltd!
\laltr nl" !n t S* o ir (31 sf r !,,r
I wa\,u
8i "1,

S
91
. D.\q\b
9, l!\r aJ\_
L\r
Sun

"sr3I
sr ss !e' tu.tq) "

0tl\9, 5t n q"l I v{" a,r

)l
SVi Su\' SS t W
w- 0.'\r to.s4" I

w'c.01 \U
t1
 o[ o n'irx]tw contatntnl. T t'oY ?' tlni]l-t t)hu5t 6\ cohul)
3. lhw hundrd 3c\\ons
81i) and a at A 4 o Url'l
e,rnr\ &s '1, woKn tm\x'tue speti$-'t
qrnv\\ ' 0' quranittl

qlhono\ * I spec\hc. sro$\ " 0 oqs e) (r\e b\tn

[n\ dtur-<, pra dsd f0 &uce
[po.l, \pa\er
'ts tc
tJlrolO\ , lht 0blectrw of tl'ir9 PrD\']\erD
c\eleryntnO
cr yyi6yurv.c con\C\n\n5 Oor,r:\'t,
Vqo , ltrt rc(urteA \ru\ul\t pt lht r-lD'l' rnr'{Nre 4( l
'

\ Vq, , '\d /' r-thq\ a\cohol b 'g' 'q(j S o

pro$rant, fu/'l, r,,ote/- e=

tt^
*-.,, | *r,
\1\ ' 3oo qal\ort: M , Uo'1, clhg\ n\cohr-l\
a\coho\ 4D" lo $6\or-
J1'1, 0111.$
Sd "1, wGtc' 3.1(5L
gr\ons x ,_ il35.sL
sc, = tl-l0, 3oo
t qo\\uns
o\ . o, 8-11\cl Matl = \\}t.S L x o.
v-SllYq) 'qqs,rbY
-K
L L
bMB: M,o i M4o' Mt,l
of\S, sl V5 t M1u ' M(ro

cony oqo ot ba\ anc.e : efr$ a\ coYto\

f=v
4Qs, ri to,1.t) + Mqot0.4s\ = N\*o to"qb).
\r\D --.D-
M'u- Mqr" q6\s,8b Eqr.iafr0n O ?qo
-)
1qr'83 LD'1s)--'IqC = 1L\t!,81\C
l\0, lo,ts) - 1v\,\uL0''\)'
,l /,s a v4
M (no, \ra1,1O v1 L
Mlo' lqU' e"tYS =
-18'q
'sbY x \ clo\
?,185v
p
\ . ^- ^,
o,\o [0.1k4,'5lr) ] b.q(\vSlt) ,
q\re\qcJo il01,3'1r1c\
. o,s1uY5,L
\0, , \lqa.1oYA
o, s13qyL
\tst V4o'Vro L

?oo + ?.,0-1,?',1'
5b1' il 5o\ \qqs ,?\y , to\-
-\\ assY
sa1. \tr 5a\

q
 q. we I strrric$e slu d\ e rrk $ c\ conhn\rur,ts -|hi c\ct r\ rr- a\ A tn\e oP too \'9 lh
$e
sir,rd"qt 1s6\f5 -lht '1liieY(rrer o\ ra\( o l ls VS ln Dtl0rilllrg
ond drltr)ctroted ^
6t \r,Q\er rrrilr'v{ct \n oru hbLrr, Osurir\n1 stt'od\ -slct\c operahorl
lhr Gfi).*n\
)r0Q[irn:
0r f--------l fr1 CIL\B ' ar t)qD - d?
-
''J'/
l---
---7i,
\oD \c5lh L----l v$lb ls l0c-* HqD = 1s

\*r, ffi
ll)\-s )s l? bt dnrd
S. A soay g\Glll gruA,utcts tfi\ru Suoy cor$C\\nt\1 \D'l,l muflI\re '
flilu'1, nrD\9\\\\( Ur{u., \\
\> lorrdA \nrt ect\dl {0I so\e ' HnW mant\ lDDl Soci}> pitcrs

rnN Suay I
C0n be oLlqrned [m11 \obu VrJ o\ 6n $rno\
pyn[rflfl i ii)t l:irine sony bo\crtcc',

so'lu m[\ifir. I I oL,']r filt\silw

Pq ' tcat Y,
\u I soqY
SD'), >u..\\ qv
qv rv -- II
lv s;ag
Kt 'lo
pq , hA\Xx W4 X \y.
t-\W \DD1

G)\nfl!\0c((5tu,?rodtrcrr\tC(tts[q(.Nqb,,\ffi(soltthcqcor)\Anrn1
q}rr\nt 0'D'l' }\CI0\} sU\UT}6yl
\bw\ol" l\aCril rs a\q\r,ot'na ln th{- hrsY A\a}brn\b\-, ^
-rhen $td urto n fi(u$c\ tr,agorcr\"tr, \!\1rt\J $)\e\
q grt&rtd ct 5rul, hLql'H
thrg r,
tn\ c,,r\n\t tlrt \o\\wtn$;
a) l\e crnrtutnl c\ x.roV' reniovod htnt aoch 0\riv0rotSq
u) tltt tetd -tt lht stccno\ Nalora\rr
c,) Tl\t Q\fl oLI\Y ct qrodttcV
Pl riuoL'- Yv,t ?t ONtg; 1p\to\l '\bUb' Wr t\3 t?1
Dto{lnni gt$rB.. Frql\:
\\u"lr Hqu
\ao l\ tsa\aqcgr
LWD\tC\h \lau Ba\ctnce I
E\qV\
q6bo 1O,Ot) ' Wrl
V,lU'to) 4ooc t0'D- fq 1l'5t)
?a' suu rf lh
\ool, |.tabl) 0,u'\, \\aoI
[il'1, $aD rNlr, I'otlb \Clb
1u'\" uqu ,}uuD ) Wo t JOo
AouD --

st;cl, \tcttlV vr , 0,ooD ue )h -- \aoo v1

ErnV
Y l (t)!\o \\af,
\\11

1 w2 5
 'p
f . iln aqr\eOus so\ufro[ c0ffrtrnrnl l5ol, Na0] and 0'tolo \hc\ (pnc(,ntrqted or
'ts Jtren rniXe0\
6 r*t, e\ \oD yO \wirn \n an i\qp6rrt\tt . Thr, c;tt\ NnlfAY d so\r"th on
in a rnrxsr. 4l tht end 0t Dno houn Ct
Wiil\ 200by1 o\ Aq\^ror\9 l$qb\i so\qhovl
qnr\ anc\\qzed\' th0 4na\t1sr5 Shoralg rlD')r Nqo\)
s0n1\0 \s cd\eclrd trunt +he nrY,€r-'
"lhc tO\\u\ru\$6r
anA 0,8S-?Llolu ltlac\' Ca\&r\cte
n) rD$rtrmcfrol 6\ fie on$Qc\ so\uh0n lr] jl\e roCe\Wr,
fit
u.) tht ccrrllo:rflgtil o\ l\t csnct$rctc hurcr ltrt, cttcrlorahr
t
) rhr \rlass ot \a 0 L\n vt) n 4? oraYe d \Yr
\ h',
*
F, = t0U\c9r furr,\
Diag\ah I X \hx
Xrr,ootl Y Ulo rnn \ hr

\bbYl \rnr0, Tr Fr ' 0PDo vJ

olo
trrqgora\or rniltr
\s NqtU 4u'lo l\ab$
ol, \\cc\ o, sslr-1 '1, Nac\
o, \
bMg', Fr + tbUu 'W +Y
t{ ,5'l,Hac
, yvyY
fu,0u0 r A(l(l[

Nrrc\ Bo\arr+:
0ooro t0, 6Ds) + &ooo
[D) - w to) \ ?(b, 6ortrzr)

?'71\t8,qsv1
({ct\) + &ObD, W } }4q8,qY

llxu bo\4rlcgr
- 1e1o* 6. es"r)
I
00
(,ouu I o 's'lr) + ao0bt\ - Ylu,o\) = {y5\. ot Y 3L\48.qY
\t:r
g, Q4tt

)*ro: D.1SDI
-r ,l
bMB! E!c\?: tu$[[ z t-\ r0\, 05v F2

h -- \148. cl( Y\
I
Fvqp Nq 0\1 ba\ ancec Fvay |tacl Bo\arv,t

' 11448 [tot\oct)

bu}: [0,\5) , t44i'4r ( Y . Na
,\ tuoOu LU'Oo11
Xx Nac\' b'b)
\ \lao\f ' 0. Q

XUuOz \-0b- )'DL

G
9, A crr.rdt Sqt) w\tn d,eit\\ed 'rh Wak,r $\e\r1t btrlg Whosc cf r)'\?fsl'l)rt) $ \A(rlht
ol" aBr anrt 3'l, MqC\l, Sonrt tua\(.'r is tlrlgowitec\ nnd L\o'1, ol-
\s \So!, NqC\ , \ lu

SqV (r\ac11 Cn)s\aNrzes ln yr,\rc ttrn,0n [wlY6rfl]rCl''l r btrne \ng9

-I0"l' uq\(r-' Fo r \ bbYJ

of ont nq\ buYlt', ro\ ct''\n'!t '

n) wt\1h\ 'l ' ol fv\5 c\ \ on rt Nq.$r ln llrt conrtnltcle

b) \h{ rr,nl?osrhofl 6\ cqY,e

'rt 0\\ lhl wat6 \r e\A\orqt(c\

W I: !e tt-+C u). 0,1 tC,!D

l)iagran I 0MB1
1u'lr HaCI

\0b u1, F Y pc[l \oD . 5Q,1 tg- I o,Q W' su '-l

cq, t q\\i ze r I e-,
c\
x loog,
9-- 3r,5 Q: 0.tl tls)
\i'1, N Q
x uot\l
\ u\o Ita ?r tu,',0 \sqo c.' to u1

3',1, Mt,\l I Nq(\

0r-.,r9 , \&. 8\ tc
I\,\, HAL,
c' \t\c1
Mqc\1 ba\an c(.,, )u^8. bo\ancet
y b1'3[XUoS',) [5N"| ,l:_Itq5
z , 31,3 t\l r50)
X*otr-' r"rg \

l,\ ru' c , a8b\ 0 ' De\oY

D' lsl
q D{Oto ' }i1rrB.
\- 0"1h'15 - 1:.
")
J

ttl-1
\s u'1 crcrd t5 1t'fffi
q. th{. \{sl riunlr'"
A wenY acrd cbn\o\n\nq t),.\"'lo \\u5()rt ond
- r Pi\na- 'tht fifiltt\\\\
ot-
cu[cEh1ql e A o,crd cu$A\n\n5 [o'1, H6Sor1 Wkf ,

50uv1 o\

St \t\hCn ob{dtn€.d \t \} cu\trl\ns K'5"1n \\6Su,1

qaSo'1
8o'Jo \1rstl, Ua\d n(L
Drfittant: "
!r,'1, tlu5u'l ?' ( D' \st)
rA,to/, \{aSDl ti6S D4 F, to.ras)+ ruo(o "ED) =
q 1. \'1, \tx l; L\bc,-) uq'O
.:---.-----.--- ) ,$*D c.\?i Tr -0. \t[?l ' -
F1

cMB: F, I tr 'Pt so\ulhcl\ ton\a\n\nj

f-r-?' r - (bo -' Eq'O
\8 . soi' H^ So ,\

Fr = Srtr U\
\b. th{ aqrt(pr.rs sD\L\YrCn 0! s\,iltt\Yrt nctd CcntAlnrng du u\ 'lo ll.Son (Sa ' t'\afct)
And fu' ut '1, \\tSD{ (.9e,1,44E) are n"riltr\ +t 'tOrr'{ a {'DO 1''r so\ut\onCS(" \'a\3)
"rn -ll,re pruArc! so\ut\on
a ) ta\cu\qlt lht rnaer trachcqs of su\func aird
r,) rcl[rn1 \oC v1 o! tr,rr.i0"l, kedt so\rrhoq as d bds\r, co\ctt\a]t hu tted rQho

I ti ]r ,i d llkr', (w'1, 55\t't\ n)

a D'l o io lt-h 0n an o

c) \rvhat fld rntc of l\L (LD"l, Lsa\ur{roh t'lf,) wou\ d bc r-equirlcd t0 lrDAurce
\aso v1 /h o\ lht proartc\ ? So4 bc\af\ct r
l-lq

f)rO(l6YY1r 96 = \. 1148
l- ro . 160
sa, 1,114, flA5b4
0D't'
tbbK( 4uo[, !{60 A }ts ?r - D 'bo fx ' 166 1o'ao)
lo'\, (tr lr,q t?-3'l , ttr sD21 Pr" tql \'1 l^3 -' l4tt
f0'lr ltto (nr ,1'1, ltatr
fQ ' rtt vg " qtt Ma

\b6(gx \!' lq.tuAL 4ltqY- \L .. Sl.tDI

0N\9'. \bt + F, . P,
t .ta6tv5 ., \ l, ,\4try1
lbD I Mr'1"\3 lA ro \l

\t.--Arnmsnrdr is rycouexd lrl;m' c

tds
rn)xfi,trt cunlqlntn{ 3r'1, [uo\trrnt) qr]d -]5'1, tuoturnl)
C01
'rs 'rnsu\uib\C ln WaV\- , At\trm\nc *ht 1e ,cq\
NF3 b1 scr,lbUrng wilh Y\4\€r, Arfurnrnl *rrat c0,
'rQ
0t crnmon\4 ln lrre enWnr11
tos h; ie absorbed lhe {qt lenrjrn$ }he serttbbe. nna\rprJ
35'1" Nt\3
Px nr \i( OMB:

P.
-l llh
- \. l0o (a?.T) + L, 6r t3'\"s() 'l, L2

DrOGtOtvtt tto'/t t(lr.bo\ctnrtr

J
Gr " \0oVroo\
rfh
)s ' Gr (o.cr)
*-----a
a5
!
l, cct Ar'f, N\Y3 0r , 33. 21tu rmD\
-lsol, Nttl b5't, toe
o/,
obsorbed' ls'38. '1U I t) ' 35)

rnui.rrr6,- ar(tmcor) t t- ikr'*g)

= ga.Dt ol,
\00
= ae.ll vrr lmo\

ffiwqvr or - ?r (*r**r) + t r tffi, *r)

tGu

= 3.1, 5v \r5 lrno\ I

12,, /\ gag rniXil,tK consrsllng ct L0'1, lVl ond {u!9, So* is adrntted -tD Gn absoryfio4
co\um rqle oq \00 \ono\ lh, \t 'rs cbnld.c)(d wilh
q ol G o{ y'b '} ,
C\ strr atn UaS DI $\ou r\1
COunlcrquff'1rti i, ltit r6tc o[ fuoDo v] th
tot etre CIni at G the gases lenrie GI \o\.3 k?c\

th( Y\dfcr tCIsl Wltll the e{i\ qctst! eX(r\S c\ prtrG\ ph0Ssr6c CI lk. Gc' tr?c' \t *he conc(rilMte'd
acrd \((\ing *tne boltOrr) o\ jhp cDlumh crntG\ns 1\.1?'l' \tas0q whril ptrconl- of lhe
tnKring Sr: wi\\ bt ciDsrkbed anrt ca1\lLrttrc tD dcl d\''

Drc$r6nn I
(trx' t(, ,bGYVcl
l0\.3 kPq Lr , 0oDbr$ lll
50"1, llr SD q

.@ 5D'1, Eo D

o
6, \bL: ErXb\ }b L1
tsro1, N r ' 11.13'1, tla S0,.1

tl
,'1, So,
ar, a1'1, \4*P

**.0 , rnb\rl lla\

ffiror. , 1\13 (-ry" haso,r) r ts,ar (.#--,
rnu\Ps bx
Iou
ba' nu. t nrlro * n rruncbsorb(a . ll ,1Srt rc5 I rn o\

Dn,lg' \ob r
X
krr, ' )b. bt v?a
: !.
:?cDr. +
?6bp __ G, ,L, --_, Et.$
abSe q8 18' lt.-l84
\o\, 3 K?a
o1 liqLi\d ltdc t+ao bd\ance,
- r- \
17,=
' I
L- \rJ" mo\ar rn(s o[ taD soD0' c.?5al(Le) vG
0,atu3? La'?boo' o
,.as0,-')
'--CI D.?\\\o -?=t,0
q.r31b Lr:
d.

q
' tlowral'c9 qn d corn posi hons
a.) F\owrayoS

rnos t\uvuro\es [n) = ffi [ +., ,gl

Ei
vo\rtrno+n( flrttrcitt- Lv) t , rn' a\
# 9l

hrr\{ir- \\owroYe Cn) . rnc\0 t }+ , \c rrrc\e

, g-n'otu
frrnL s s l
b) C otvt y csr

o m0ss I ( vql\ \tr,rA\

t)r

\ uq tr \b so\'n
sr,f J

stcfed Cherwse)

@ nro\f \ rqclreh : nro Io A ( I r^olt lt , \r mo\e & fb mril l ,

t'no\L so\\h \ rnr,\t so|n
1
/ v rnu\r :o\\tr \b rnu\t tO|h

c\ so\ur"iO (-M)
$ nrolorihl ' hrc\
1 6t se\'\
mr,\ o\ so\uve
b *lc\arittl i
Ir)
\ro, ot eD\venl

SCIn)g(- yroble rn9:

i-s lhr
\ tht nl(Kt f\cvrr ralt. ot ( ae nsitrl ' 0,tl{q g lcm') tn o yige is 6.s4 3lr }!hoY
.
Vo\umtYn c t\uvt rcrle of helane
ll5 mO\ crr [\(,,\,Jtatl^;
\,

h1- tu.{qq\s . (r, ta 15 \s

Q , 0, 6(q$ I crn?
#^

o. b(Q5lcnt'
\I'l \f : \0,*'l' s? vo\urnctnc flbY\ra|t

n: h' fu,tq 6I \rno\ huant'' 0 ol1r1e rno\ haxgt0

--
"
t :t'5 I

\0
 A (DlLrh,h conYarnrql \\'l' JY b93
rn0s5 qnd oD'l', r.D\e B
a) c o\at\ atc Jt\r m06 ot A ln nr q o ! trt st\uthoh' "

u.) Qct\gLilole lht rnost tlou rate 6t A jn sfrkfi st,luthcl ftoulinl 6t- m]{- 0P

st rnm /\r
C,) to\cr,t\c*s *trt mD\qr t\Uu rqtL 9t B ih 6i stt'eqTD t\UWin1 af 61ofe of t000rhDl ly})lf

d.) Co\cu\aW the tuto\ soluhdh ttOvurqlt hqt crrr.csponds Ia a rno\qr tr{rvltaH CIt

Qs Yrno\ B lE
e,) Cotcu\ate *tre vlosr ro\ut\o\ thqt conlqr$ 3Oo \bt"n /I
Soluh 0h t
n,
a,) *,r * 0 lrrV.r1 soIh
'ofr Aos5A= XA{ro,
d',) hsolh ' hg
h/| : D. rr v{ A
x r-b rt <ol\U u
JB
1cq 5o\tn

lu, a't v ' )b rrirt,\ f} ,1 rrno\ so\t4

o-?v VnrD\ B
) , S? \[q so\'1, lh
b sso\'1
n , \qD Vrnt\ so\'f.r | 1r1

\? \brn st \\h
fir, 0.\{ !nA. x '
\bm so\rn
_L q(
yr.tg , \bm /1 1ln
e.\ J
iob \l,rrt ff x 15q so[h

D. lI \U,rn lr

..) $u ' 0'r'CI

-

h-, o,l.Ornu\B ( \00CI rno\ su\\b

rnt'\ s0\'h rn\n

\\
a
D Pt6ces5 Vnnqb\eS

l, Iern Teral Ure

ggnvqs'1ofu: \.8'F_ \ \8oR , \'f , \'c
\'L \K r'R \"N
fr1';= \,ECr) rc + 3? $)'c"Lcr\'r-.11i
Ll)K "Ct)bC+ a-13'\Y CI) R' Lr)'Y t 4t,o
a. Pwssure
* .-E5 fl'(,
' A
P. burl
\Jzlr,,u. t'#
2,. Fltud
^t
?wSSurc
- mrnrmr\Iq tttcg Jtal ttvott\r\ nqW YJbL exertg{ 6h a }nchDn lfss p\r,,14 in Jhe
)
ho\r k, veep *ht l\utrd rn,
rnnr r\ totr VPa b4r in 111 F lloI mHor Pt,
\
\ a*h , 1(rc 1(ao \0\.$r \b\.3ilr q4'q) 33.4\ lD"3l \r-l;
{ \drD st n}\ c ?ttssL\re,
- Prcslt\FL a\ lrrt uottCu\ o\ *tte VeSt\

P, ?' * jS.
$c

S, ?wssurc lirod
- nctqnr tr$ llle ht11c:{hq.hca\ eo\umq a\ +\u\d yha\ Wur,r,\o\ eKr\ a {rwn 1>resst\
cr\ \f: boss,
b A\rsrittle ?wssure
?oUs,ilttYU' ?ofmUsylo,r,r + ?qorrX"

I,tatrr1t Prc(SU'le,
- presswe ln $cvss 0\ +0 airno sphttx-
- tro$ rnt 6 5L\hhq o\cv1615
Pnr.or.f*' Pqour{L
lq
. Scrnpte froblemg

r. Tht hrot cq?qc\\ of qmrnDnia, dt-hned os +M arnotthl- 0t heo,\ x4Lrtre d +c rc\sg ]-1'n
|tnprra\uw o\ q un\\ mcg5 nnrl 0t 0mmon\6 ur1 lrecsctl \oc at a constnnl Ptrslrx,
i9 ever yrni\<A |ernyera\rlro rantL brJ {* txgc0s5166.

L? ' c.Atf t &. r4I ro"t 1 c'c)

Dc!(rrnthe lhr cxpreesuq fur cg '10 J l$'C ln |errns 0p BtU I lb'R

J-7 BT\)
q'c \brn'R
-t)
. 0, Ur81 t x\D ' -l C'T) T
?,.a4
-. o. q8-l
-11
I z\, \eaX \D \ (",F)
qs4
o, qqLl r 4. \eex tD 1L,Y )
-u $
\ \brn
CY .-n rrt + q.?A\xtu-rIt,y) BTu
\brn'l'

')-, \he 4reat Bofi?h mo\os5ae {\uoa occuwdr ex

Januar\ \t \q\q mr)\ior1 30\\0ry
}
'
yt\W\red,
'^
\a\\rnt pcople
ill''} l\
.r*,' lronr o ?o-hLI hrqrr sYDrcrgc tqn[ nrrrl
o\ r^u\ossrs
specihc q,o:rl Ot crurAe rrrc\asres'rs \""\- rrvhctl wr,{.
ancr rnJr\nn5 rsu, fte eshrnatrd
*rlosseS \rl lht tqnK \n \b, the P\cssurc cl i)'0" uoBDl"n of fu
lhr m,si 0\ l\t rinc{

\qnv rn \bq l\nz

Grvcnr Vnrc\qelrs ' e'30 x tou 3u\\ons

h(\Qh\\on* " 30,0W

sPttr trc qta"\\r5= \'{
Raqtfirrdr m (\btn)
fL\brlrn,)
m 0v
so\uftoh; 1tr\c\'
= 5'-1,?fu \brrt !Y? (t.3 x \ou
5a\\0ru
r ?.rbrL*ld-lr$i.'
$
",) E q\uu
)5a\ 1t,,r,tl u1m J/
sc, = P$.q nnXNrtc\ ' U'tuYX\D-1 \bn]
It
(,&ortnc!,
.
h;) ?uoxtrn V, r loturd
9qturcr' S& ' P'ctutrr6a
t"Wp
\ ' r'l rU' | }}')
' \,\,r ti* 1if ,Y.,''d',?;.'"-'
R qruna ' tbl'tl hH"
, 8-l'3 tr tu* \ \"') gX ' q\ \bt l\n"
Porttusl'

t3
3. ltrhat \S lfre
lrrssL\h0 aD,Dfyt b0\bw tho su,rr0acg. otr
lht- rqYe"' /IimosphonC prrsurp
I tht pMsr tt]t- a\ ttre s r,w [C161) y
lD.el rn \\t D and ltre dtns\\ Wa\en is tooDgl# ,f
l\ sunre {hal = {.sof
t ,l ,'
So\ut\ on '
Grvefl', h " 30.ury 0' q,trolh\S" lo..tm ltou

hntrn . r[, r\m }}30

,) p, 4 14 B1u

?+r, = \0tib kgl*' 3 0, ar6;1ro

li(qrrrr d' P,,rtTrr, Puolrom' lU.o i Pofn

fo- , rD.4muoD
{c
( t oc'o vg I Ilr?X q. db1 ',) ,, ) [ ro m)
I
t- \ o"'lrn l-)oc
\vq n
*-----1--
J\J <.
tur,Yhnl = lqqtlu.rl I
il
L1 rerr\ (( I J hr tU\\cWrnq
o ) QU co rllnr \1C1 tu yr\
u.) qtr tr \foo il tsfq
e
) Pabso\,r\e, ?r,r\ * PSrO,
, -l(r\ rnhtlq
c,) atl. o ch \\) trqc) {u cfrI\ tc,ui r \\4q .tQ nrryr \}n
c\) Ur,t f,g h mnnBc)t$cr,rn*) \= oDsq,darrnBc\\ '
a) gr c psl$ rD mmtcl tctbs) f-')labsa\tt\effi"-
\ ) ?flr nlq I\9 tD *rI\3 tgattle) 3as rrnr\\$
'l(oomrn\ t )qn",,r1c
; -al{moru3

n) &rct:r'rnr\5 x ,?l:.]'' -.g r\q f,

+*il^
1uo $lrn!\g ^ \ qlr\
\,
I -
b.) tlrgt \\at: { q ol"rvt
\D\. 3q rYVcr
3? 8 a{Y1} \ ,tfY1
t.) ?nrrs,r\Low =_
Yortnv ? cu , \0cnh1
-1b crrl
6augc 11 1b rt,r t)q " QD \)_$

U0 + T gor,r$
sbcnr flq x \crlr)
Placuurv\ = P6&r,\{C
'

ltr crn$5

?qauqc ? Qu.o rn'r t}g "-'--/

d) tr gsrg x \ atm
x
lbD l])mu&
___--a \) ql. sA honU
\rt"1FEi \ crlm

\.\
 1,. A solution composed of 5O%ethanol, 10% methanol and 40 % HzA is fed at the rate of 100kg/hr
into a separator that produces one stream at the rate of 60 kg/hr with the composition of 8O%
ethanol, 15% methanol and syoH2O, and a second stream of unknown composition. CalcuJate
the composition (in %) of the three compounds in the unknown and its flow rate in kg/hr.
A liquid adhesive, which is used to make laminated boards, consists of a polymer dissolved in a
solvent. The amount of polymer in the solution has to be carefully controlled for this
application. When the supplier of the adhesives receives an order for 3000 kg of an adhesive
solution containing t3 wt% polymer, all it has on hand (1) 500kS of a 10 wt% solution, (2) a very
Iarge quantity of a 2O wlYo solution, and {3) pure solvent. Calculate the weight of each of the
three stocks that must be 'blended tog€ther to fill the order. Use all of the 10 wt% so*ution.

F = tuD13\hn mttnanol ba\ance'

4-'

&D '1, e l\onu\ \00 L0, rD) " t oto'lo) I 4oLXhellorro\)

\b.\,ff56nr1
\"'1, rrrtfh0nD\ 'l,c$ctn4
Iu"l" r^otf\00 0\ Xrntlrr6nU\ ' 0"0af or Q'("1'
\,I, HAD
4D'), \qD J,rntltrcnr,\
olo Hab [6\onCt',
\lgu
I rt L L-.
L\D) ' t{
ulv\g,. F'PlW {}r\GhD\ bci\(n(c 1
1, o1o.m )
LD.\\) " @tlD. kD) + 4u cy.lcnu\)
\u9: \W
futr \ bb, Y *nO = (, 4q( c. 4Q. SCIlu

w, 4a tr$\h \
I -h

.l
L^ F1
tu
t o). Spiv0nV
soc vt lh, tl
,\
13'lo yD\u\tntr
\o'\o po\5rnt f-l'1, so\VlnY
4Fs
tuolo sL\u(nY
sD\v cnY
|'0"1'
C\^gr Fn tF3 = 3fl)D - r0C
FulF, = tJbb
!6tu5me _ br\onco, So\\trrt bd6'nce',

SoD LD. \D\ + Fa LD'QI\ ' 3o uu [U' B) sbo LD"qD) , rr t o'rb) " 30ou LD'80

Tq ' \-100 \t

\5
 CHEMICAL CALCUL.ATIONS 1: SEATWORK
t. An aqueous solution of methanol containing 20 wt% methanol is to be separated into a
distillate product containing 97 wt% methanol and a bottom product containing Zwt%
methanol. For treating 100 kg feed with a reflux ratio 3.5 on a weight basis, calculate the
following:
a. The amounts of distillate and bottom products
b. The amount of vapour condensed in the condenser per kg of distillate
c. The amount of vapour condensed in the condenser per kg of feed.
2. ln the azeotropic distillation of an ethanol-water solution, a feed mixture containing gS.6%
alcohol is mixed with pure benzene and distilled. The benzene forms a ternary azeotrope
with alcohol-water with a composition of 74.1% benzene, 7.4%owater and 18.5% alcohol,
which is distilled over as the overhead product. Absolute alcohol is obtained as the residue
product. Determine the quantity of benzene required for producing 100 kg of absolute
alcohol.
3. 1000 kg of mixed acid of composition 4}yo H5SO4,45% HNO3 and L5%H2O is to be produced
by strengthening waste acid of composition 31ya H25O4,36% HNO3 and 34% HzO by weight.
Concentrated sulphuric acid of strength 95% and concentrated nitric acid containing 80%
are available for this purpose. How many kilograms of spent acid and concentrated acjds are
to be mixed together?
4. A continuous distillation column is used to regenerate solvent for use in a solvent extraction
unit. The column treats 200 kmofh of a feed containing 10 mol% ethyl alchohol and the
rests water. The overhead product is 89 mol% alcoholand the bottom product is O.3 mol%
alcohol. The overhead is sent to the extraction unit and the bottom is waste. What is the
daily requirement of make-up alcohol in the solvent extraction unit.

\,
\oo rg, P RVI)

b,u'l,nrtthano\ D {l'1, n-}ttyn6\

S()olu lts,o 3'1, $a\

\.-, B A,"1, fielhc,[ol
R
. 3"5 {8
ol. \}61b
b
DIV\B: F*F. z ctB c ) 1' t Lrr , qr rj \
^) 5 ,ulPll, ?]ut^"d drs+irr
C=EVD q drsh\\a\e ^n
\ot, tg " p *B-, Eq.(D = Et.{)f y.4 cchdtrlse d
b\ f: PtD \0u *tJ t-<4 d

5
p
'3,Y) R'?.sD
c ' 3.5b rD = q.fD
4. S lcg \JaPbr condm\f

k\ Arsn$atc
-
 ', 1Ll,l'/, CtHo elhanu\ bc\anog:
qd,(l n!- erono.;
1.1'|, tlso 0.q\k (t -xr u6)t- * 0.\grD , \06-(r,t)*z(3
{, q 1, HxD
C5
o),
tE "5 e-ltranu\
h0 bc\ ance r

Co t}r, 0. 0L\r.\t\-yf tn ! - 0.o-tLtD . 0 ,-.-)

\OD Y9
116)
O
clbso\u\t el\aqo\ tr \l tn bo\ari4r
bPtgl F - pr \DDtr) -z S
Yf Co\l1F - 11,-t{l D =D
G 0. orrrrF - C. or-rt Lo.f qr U) - p,o1t{}, O
Yy $6? . 0.1q\ D *-, O
C5

- \a z \lD. ?8 0. q\ (l F * O,qs6 [o,r,u O) -0 .\]S U = \0u

tl -J &
I z 1D,Q( o,qlQF - a,?qz3qgy; \6b
tl
Yp CG \}o F = 0.1q\L-,|c. f,E

[\c, wt,' = \f Cc,B6 F','S?'' 0P\4

Yz. brh lc(a'
$SD,tl
a
Yu'l. Htl\)3
tlUD qo)
h/os+e c\ciA, 5, f rLo''o?,b,)+ Tr1LL0),4t)FF3 [ o),.,\uuo La
4u l'ol' \to4
30")o \\XSc1 {s UlvD, H l\u:LI \br\athc
\((, I

3lr'1, B trtu3 \r''), tlxu

irl '1, ItN t)
'4 fr T', ,)f
Io'',33b F3 10, Sb)
F. " \bob Ia.4s)
lqrol' \l1S0r7
N LJ
\ t'1, Hall rO,
' 3q8, s[ v_l
0\,\B', F1 \ F" \lg a?
t1 tFs .l Fs' IbouvS E" Sbb' 4b I'

Ll
E1'lu €-l\antl\
Y
, Aus rnLl lh +
lu"l, tl\anLr\

[, o.j'l,rihc'ito\
Hr\]lono\, \1f X
t\ t't{ tltront,l O o,uo3
0l4B', F , b+B
, \3 \rrn{,\Jh

1 [rrr ul .t lticrnt\
&uo- DtD
--,O
elhonb\ bo\ance
"

\rlb 1., 0,td= DC0'8'il+ Bto'oo3)-"C

b - ar. 8l rrrru\ \h , Syq,QQ vl rfic,ntr\ \ Ad)
B' \lt \) Vtnul\ln

\r
 CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS 1: MIXING

1. The liquid effluent from a processing plant having a BOD of 0.15 g/L is discharged at a rate of
4000 cubic meters per day into a stream flowing at a rate of 0.3 cubic meters per second and
having an initial BOD of 5 x 10-3 g/1. Determine the BOD in the stream immediately below the
discharge point?
Z. lt is decided to measure the flow rate of a pure air stream by injecting pure CO2 at a rate of
lgmoUh into the flowing stream. The resulting mixture analysed 8.6%C}zon a mole basis.
What is the flow rate of air?
3. Urea, phosphoric acid and potassium chloride are mixed together to obtain a mixed fertilizer
having NPK content 10:26:26 as %N, %PzOsand %K2O by weight, balance being the weight of
filler materials. Calculate the quantities to be mixed to get 1000 kg of mixed fertilizer.

\.
{oDoms \aa'] ,Tl P, Bop,?.,\utt'fr -# ,t]u\,,{-#1
BoD' o,W5\!
L\t
OI 9'. F1*fx =? 1T r*'\s - 1
bo\orue
F"3{G.sD
I tgrU ' s-iw $'lt boD
0.\u t'\tn.gr?) ts{lD -'? L, . rt u'L)- 3116 'asl3o5
L 5t J
y30p" 0,0a454 5\L
\ornO\lh
S:yol, cor bo\an a I
fr :, CD 1
\b Ynu\)\ t\,0) ' PIo.oxt)
l\a
,r+ " t y , \\(!,!t mo\ \h
111,1*
ayl, 0" CMB1 F\)
',"-,e Ft' \\t ,qt - \D-yno! , \00'48
P. Fr ' 1o rtru\\h h

Untot . ru.tr$zf-r \oDo Y-J

CS1Nlu \D i Qb : )b
NYK,
] urru, \0"1, N
I Qu'lu Pots
Qu, tr
yob

s*co' to'tu) 9 N rt \\rrnu\ }iJ lfprygqygjl]g i

\L,ct
* 0 \r\, \3 yg
\q" 0lr3 N
tJ \Urnu\ utr{A lVnro\
hyc\ = 4uoo c0.Qr,) q lrao x \,lcrnl>1,,)(lD SyTol p l\cnrd Vc\
* x
.(1str3Vcl \ffi
l'1vq Fato lhaol p,o I rmr\ L \trnr,\
hPuDr;
\ooo to.ab\g p.0" 1 \ lcTqtl\ Poov ., )[rno\ \' \Vrlr\ tt-sPoq * \qq y-1Paor\- q bD. \[
ah?&qB ?.or ^rrro*fr;g, * il ),
r*n*\ \ \crno, lrr'-
 CHEMICAL CALCU LATIONS 1

1. ln the concentration of orange juice a fresh extracted and strained juice containing 7.08 wt%
solids is fed to a vacuum evaporator. ln the evaporator, water is removed and the solids content
increased to 58 wt% solids. For 1000 kg /h entering, calculate the amounts of the outlet streams
of concentrated juice and water.
2. 1,200 lb of barium nitrate are dissolved in sufficient water to form a saturated solution at 90oC.
Assuming that 5% of the weight of the original solution is lost through evaporation, calculate the
crop of the crystals obtained when cooled to 20oC. Solubility date of barium nitrate at 90oC =
30.6 lb/100 lb water, at 20oc = 9.2 lb/100 lb water.
3. A solution of MgSOa atz2}oF containing 43g MgSOa per 100 g H2O is fed into a cooling
crystallizer operating at 50oF. lf the solution leaving the crystallizer is saturated, whaJ: is the rate
at which the solution must be fed to the crystallizer to produce one ton of MgSO4- 7H2O per
hour?
4. Crystals of NazCOg - of NazCOg in water at L00'C.
10H2O are dropped into a saturated solution
What percent of the NazCO: in the Na2CO3-H2O is recovered in the precipitated solid? The
precipitated solid is NazCOa-HzO. Data at 100oC: the saturated solution is31..2% NazCOa;
molecular weight of NazCOs is 106.

t. V trl6\ er) so\ds ba\40 ct I

\bobto,olod )= LLo'tl]
\(ltY-'Vot
J 7
L Otf ce)
1-oE "l' solrdj $'lo wl- so\icb L -_ \)a.01 \c3
bN\9 I f = VYL U - rll'qiLr1
\ouu f,1 - VIL
. (o.os)r
I
d..
q. & \b BaC)$Ds)2 yc " \,0
\)00 \b r F =
llotlvDg) I \ Do \b llaD
T, =
\u'c

o\^B F'\+L+c
0.q( F; LtC
So\ul0 bo\an6'
T.rr_ , L.l,* | c tr't')

$0. ts tb BaCNo3): \b Hqu 0.Q3l,r3 \b BaLNog) q

{y =
( \00

1bu\! \\6\ (\uu +3u ,u)\b

so|h \b srr\\rt

(L' q,1 \b l?a (\ulg)f 0o \b sau C.osq! \b BoctrlDs)?

\ .
\b6 \b HaO Ltou t
q t) \b su\\v1 tb su\\b
0. Ct t? \t B6iCN5S\
lt,Dc \b g, 1tv$3 - so\\h , r 0'l&'13 rb sqc\ps)q = L ) t
lb \\r so\\h
' (N$s)X sr>\\ 4
so\\n

c = eol.a|; \b Ba C|'i03)1 cIUstG\\

\{
I 5

C, \ich '1FpO
I

a\0" r sDot xe - MtrrtLPi6Jo4)

=' liD.?J.
T -- \=

{r, {sqMlsDl la\r\r 1lr,5drcle e,-\G,31

l[,CE tlpu
{u' 0.o31on Mlt0r
fuh \iqLlux
r,sb,+
e o\vrn| b6\dn ce
C[\Br F,Ll\] r \royr

[- - L- V' \'rbn _?c r[-sllrH-,_)_t(r_ 0.x3 _vLD)-.t#)-,0

so\ule bcr\qn ce , tau.?l \
4e rcn p\gsh)_t, c'c3rol.
p\tsozt
1
= q (.?'U
3r
b
\ lql ,y66 soln / \
1
so\'\

\ , \\sD)
N61C0?. \bl+?0 , C, C fuaoc,
T _ \Du:. L
l\a6cD3' \0 t{3D
xg " \'D
L
\Ua*c0i + \\aC , ?'t.1,0)u Narcoj

Vqs\s '. 1 CU q lual Co " \b$aO

,) 3

*rurn,u3 . \0Dg loaqc03 " \bllao x lD0, o\

9
)tanc0a

t8(o, o\ g Noro . \blto"D

W|
[,oor, ?' 31, ocrs?
3 ]nq co j
*tUnO, lobl l.ronco ? . \a\tpo x
ffi
Wt xr, = C) 43rl 1 llr0
y= 6. ?t? 4 a
lvaqcc X
\: t8.sqr\1 Na1tu3
\
1
Nan co, so\t4 x v Gt 431\
'

w| ov lrto,io3 imirpttct\eA' 31,'0css1 - &8.5t11), = 8'5)qg \a6c03

of
o Naxco3 €${e,l'-s'5\{ 4- y \t 0o),
3l,otrst0
1, tccosql, 33'lp

l0
 EXTRACTION (LIQUID _ LIQUID EXTRACTION)

lsopropyl alcohol and water can be separated by extraction with ethylene tetrachloride
(CzCla)'
L.
100 kg of a solution containing 30 wt% isopropyl alcohol and the rest water is mixed with the
solvent ethylene tetrachloride. After extraction, the raffinate phase analysedTl% wi'ter, 28.1o/o
isopropyl alcohol and 0.9% ethylene tetrachloride. The extract phase anatysed 94% ethytene
tetrachlorid e,5.2Yo isopropyl alcohol and the rest water. Calculate the following:
a. The amount of solvent
b. The quantities of raffinate and extract phases
c. The percent extraction of isopropyl alcoholO

2.TwoliquidsAandBareonlypartiallymiscible'Atacertaintemperature'4lkgofAarrd5gkgof
B are mixed well and the mixture is allowed
to settle. The mixture separates into two immiscible
phase analyses 90% A and the B-rich
phases, one rich in A and the other rich in B' The A-rich
phase analyses B.what are the
iloa/o weights of the A-rich and B-rich phases?
Acetic acid is extracted from an aqueous solution
containing 42.86 wt% acetic acid u:;ing
3.
and water may be neglected' when
benzene as the solvent. The mutual solubility of benzene
are mixed and the phases separated' the
equal weights of benzene and the aqueous solution
aqueous solution
aqueous phase analysed 16.25%acetic acid. on the basis of 100 kg of the
being ileated, calculated the following:
a. The masses ofthe aqueous phase and benzene phase
b. The percent recovery of acetic acid into benzen
( cqc\,1)
l.
\,
q.1'), CXC\r4
F, \oc vg
S.l'1,rro jrf pti\ fi\tl:hol
3o'f , rsogrtp$ o\Ghol
0-8"f, $D
1r'1, \ bc +s=4(,0(rt'll,0l
ItaD
i 5'',, \tsb s. /+s, ol
'lsolro!$l \
DMO, \OU }S = RtE 0E ,\'1, o\rrlhtl\
ol, of" <.xhqchon of \sulrtP$\o\c' hu\'
tsbttbt$ cAcuht\ bo\dftcer 0.1 Cac\ol
'rlDltt ?t)\ o\coho\ \rr tr
lDo6o .3b\ - RLO.rll; !E Lo Dfa)-'0 rrrdfs x \bb

1* p\\
rn?[-is,
Hab \:c\on Cc: o\cuho\ 'n F

\oo L D.lD) = RtO'rt) t 6 [o.tlDr)-'O -- (o,Dr1)c'\l'r,) x \bD z '1, cxti ochon ' q\t il
p " /-[.S\f,
R' q,.0& E t o ,aor ttuo)

a- [ - nch 4,'l' A A ba\chr,c

lo't'B
t, \uuu--
t\\ J' A B-nch 8o'1, B 4\cA)' o.uDtP\ I o'4b(,E) -' e
t0nb,\ p bd\ch60
sq "1, B
t o'\btP) *-'O
s4tB) ' D,'DLP\
oMg, F - AJB

e\
 Itx0 ba\ana',

F, lbb YS
I
l':'^"
I----l E
l+?
(buvmc tMs. ) ,,
t'b|n7Lry.
loo(o.srH) , (0.*rs)
P

v.
lc,a.trc q. Qr.03
\?,gbol" ocelc oct Q ai'q
lntrt,i thosc)
sl,l'1'\' fuo J to. ) \ '!. nct\c o ird '1, rc.on*\ ocety- c\C\C\ ' fi'r0( clcd}tocir\ rnE
0l\\B: F,\bsYl 13.15'1, \}qo 'J Y \6t
\h
,OtS o.ro. Cci d Y
'-

s'loDg
= 0. Ats (o Croo) - o. ta at ( 6l .$) x \ bb
locYlbD',g\v
0. r,\)Ftu t\bCI.
?r00 = ? YE
,rccowyja1x"hcj.*,\'1,r.\?'1"

LEACHING

1. A tannery extracts certain wood barks which contains tannin,5% moisture, 23% soluble
4O%o

non-tannin materials and the rest insoluble lignin. The residue removed from the extraction
tanks contain 50% water, 3% tannin and 1% soluble non-tannin materials. What percent of the
original tannin remains unextracted?
2. Soybean seeds are extracted with hexane in batch extractors. The flaked seeds conta in 20% oil,
68% solids and 12% moisture. At the end of the extraction process, the ca ke is sepa rated f rom
the hexane-oil mixture. The cake analysis yields 0.8% oil,88% solids, and 1.1..2% moisture. Find
the percentage recovery of oil.
3. Oilseeds containing 49% oils, 40% pulp, 3%, mineral salts and the rest moisture are leerched wjth
hexane as the solvent. The underflow from the leaching operation contains 25% hexane,2.5yo
salts, 15% oil and 7.5% moisture. The extract contains 25% oil. The extract is distilled to recover
the entire hexane in pure form leaving behind the oil, water and salt. The underflow is subjected
to steam distillation which recovers 95% hexane. For treating 100 kg seeds, calculate the
following:
a. The kilograms of hexane used
b. The percent of hexane used that is recovered from the underflow
c. Percent recovery of oil

F r wcDc{ bd.rf
\s Bqsts: \ 0b v5 0t tftd
\n 11 t\\ 6ntn) b o\ 0h ce ,
e

z1o'1, tcrnnrq, s"lu })ab

160Lo.ae) = LD''lG\ r
03,1. sr\ub\t nbh- \\{ntq fD'1,\\ab, ?'1, tonrrrg B= bq.nvr\
3f '1., thsulublc !l $nlr) r' \'1, Su\r.'b\e nbn -l0nnlb
t\ [e'1, tnso\ubtc $6ho\
rrreS: \o[il[ rh R ' rrd'n (D'o j)
, t,b&l\ Lg
'f. tonnt\ uneY-tr6ctfd ; I'00S5 tCInnt\ tn R
mos, tannr\ In F' \bl)[b'rlo)
d los
rr)osJ \cnnn ln F
"f,\onntn t\nt*h acvd' iffit x
qb
\oD

'1, {antlq r,ttltXloekclz 5,lfT,

11
ol
-\
 A.ol
I
c(.
BqsB'. \oD *g ,t +c{d T" reooueq "- i 6D(o.Ju)-ll"h[D.d{)
\!,#
Sottd ba\qhca:
qo"f , oi\ loo I o Qb)
.
\co(c.r,x) - Fto.St)
I

&t "lo 9o\t4 O'f '/,Orl , ql'f ,

1q
il, nr(;)stxlc $ "l' sal d
R- ll. nY5
11.9'/" t[u
6Vl9 : \0b tS - FIE

t ,c1, $1.r) \uane

I
,F qr'h rb 6561\oh[
\ou
f- o\\
ot\
-'
l}?.
ol.
R 0s t6 $r,{ Sc..*
4.5 '[, P611g\{i\
olo
l,I mb\sI!\rt-

fu'[' ]u\P

bl\AB,\(rDt)'RYE
or\ bc\ on oa
?tt\? bo\ohcrt
\bL.[D.qb) ' BtD"lb) loo (o.rrt)
, sc(6.15) 1E (0,?5)
Q; BD Yl f, = tqf V5

\0D 3o t rr\j

\ar v
t
r00f5 t \\ \ut rn \R [['{\) x \tb
"l,htxar\e us('d lcLDW/fd rn Iv $. r,

rn 0'ft e6 t tr1 \n s

so [o.Qs) x o 1rx tro

\
"r" hclGn.o uttd recowwd tn ffi',' ft

'[. rccsVer\ Dt 0l\ rfioss od t0 E

Flou

x \bu

o[ 0t ot,
f.crvc,t1

,3
 Ad so rphort
2. A gas mixture at gOO ( and t bar analysingty volume 20% N2 and 80% CHq is subiected to
liquefaction at a rate of 1500 kg/h. lt is found that only 30 wt% of the entering gas is Iiquefied
and the concentration of N2 in the liquid is 50% by weight. The unliquefied gas leaves the unit at
273 K and 1 bar. Determine:
a. The volume of unliquefied gas, m3/h
b. The composition of the gas leaving expressed as volume %
3. ln the preparation of cooking liquor for a sulphite pulp mill, an absorption column is used to
absorb SOz in a weak liquor. The weak liquor enters the top of the column at a rate of 1.5
m'/min with SOz concentration of 0.5 wt% and leaves with SO2 concentration of 1.0 lvt%. The
gas stream entering the bottom of the column and passing in the counter-current direction to
the liquid stream contains 15% SO2. When the gas leaves the top of the column, 80% SOz is
absorbed. The pressure in the column is 1.5 bar and the temperature is 310 K. Assuming that the
liquor has a specific gravity of L.0, determine the following:
a. The amount of SOz absorbed per minute
b. The molar flow rate of gas entering the absorber
c. The percentage of SOz in the gas leaving the column
d. The volumetric flow rate of gas leaving the absorbe
r)
o(,
.,k +,J'1,
{i*:t
ptqas
0}1s, \ I ur = \i) tLr
\s rrquNred cr,)'\roDy{,i_
tr,
,T - \r \YUbh lb
tL-v' l" -- \roD CD.?r)

kr.r. # a"r"#iL1l,,*.., Lr ' qYb g

[ao'f.yr c$r1 ilu'lo1rr' lrro\t'rrtc) \\nD vg ' vc tJ'l\D uJ
ue , \D 50 Y-4
Nr bo\ance : J

I
\sbc Lo.eD),- voXa i asu H(l:brJ
r riv u
.do\6asr${, t,&.oo[ oau)+ ]u.rxt0.r(,

;1"p1 \qGr\ $&,ol$ \\o \unl \r, r4qLr L3)y-mr,\ grtslny

of (t\11 rA {2
\aX, [nrr\tS ]t2 ih\n) " G,(!? Vrrrt,\ Nr ,1xc'\6

Cth w\an w, I
,=? (,,rb) , Arort(o'4'l) I !q t\i(') , L ^., kPa$@
ffi\nu\'" 1,1,. ,
\u 6r,r@t^,\ 6)\.'nr? ' oo'tt*u\ [-P-j]'].rffi )tn ''e'
-yr) = r7.8r \cmu'l .\+1 ffi
1"DJ\irzltPr'1
vtLr
\\ rrtr\ rq " Q'b3 + s3. ar
I
VQ
b),1,\\-@
\tI . &0"4t fnril 'rn \: t,ta\ rrro\,g5 o\
, C,b3JIDD, '1, tua = \b'tU"[o
u0.4t
7

L-, , \'s rn3 f nttn

t ko7, uo\Sop is cibscrbed

rul \rry
,1.
\^\ =
b. 5
\ \. t on,
11,\'/, .,,\ I glOt<
S(r' \'D
\t'1, vo\ st)?

\, u\ SDI
b
olo 85 1 co$'U 54r
Y1 ' \,0"f, wt Sb?
qq'J. co't$\n'J,\qt\q

9asr5 '
\ rnln
La, \'5rn?1 \ob!11 = \ttb B h,ocL li4r"tu-

m
6MB: hr\, ' Ur t L,
\rou V4 1\r " Vn I Lt
ca\rn{ su\wn} (rnu1\ ba|r,r\oo solqfe )n the riqr,,\ct phat
tb qr\) Xl = Lr Xl
1s-66[o.r1aF), ] LO,

Lr = \rbl, s8Y,5 - LlXq; SOc Absorbd

Lr xt
So, obsorbe d = \sc-1. f.r[ 6,0 t) - \ruoLo. Oos)
So1 obsorbed , l,S& y
il
"1, obsurlT edt' Pq 055 Gbsc
'biq
t'5 x lob
rno 55 ent

, Lr Trt _ t-ar?
) \bD " 8b"1, (,sor r,bsr,tbd \n yo\r.rrrrr)
\, )'
t rnt,\
V,)r :
V SD
l. sEq *:* "l

' 6,\,olY{ sa1

b.8D
z Q.4.kb Emt;\ tot e'nltnnJ
V,)r = 0, \'1lq \cri.|r;\ so2

"l
'
rrro\ sbr' \\ /. \Lo
Vr

b, l5 ' 0,, \qlq

Vr
W
7

SATURATION, HUMIDITY & HUMIDITY CHART

L. The vapour pressure of acetone at 295 K is 13.25 kPa. For a mixture

of nitrogen gas saturated
with the vapours of acetone at 295 K and 105 kPa, calculate the following:
a. The mole percent of acetone in the mixture
b. The percent composition by weight
c. The amount of vapour in kilograms per m' of the mixture
with benzene from
Z. lt is desired to prepare a 4Yobenzene vapour-air mixture by saturating dry air
a container of the liquid at 101.3 kPa. What temperature should
be used to achieve the desired
equation:
composition? The vapour pressure of benzene is given by the Antoine
ln Ps = 13.8858 -2788'57
T-5?.36
pressure of 101'3 kPa' lf it is desired
3. Dry air is blown through acetone at 300 K and a constant
air required in
that 5 kg of acetone be evaporated what is the minimum amount of dry
kilograms? The vapour pressure of acetone is 300 K at 16.82 kPa.

r l. Grvon, PAt ' \?.AY Y Pa

1I' ?r+
- \3. 4,5 lt?q 0'\Xrl mo\t5 a$ acehre
f - &4sr ?Y \DT F?Ct
"
ho\t 6t 545 rnrvtt'W
, lor ?t Y-?q

q
) b , frn Yfr -2 nt;\( \\othon o[ qtL\bp '/t 1[*ro* ' h.. fuQ

?r nr
rn0ss of ctct,$rte , (2. \ifuQ rno\ octh\o x F("oq$ firrlrtt
b') "l' Act \'w' \bD
dcq\lv
m0 ts o[ 1fl1$u\c I mc\.
Y \bD
y +([o.w|] ) yqt. N
[0. ru,t ff-oLrr)
rrLl\1)W - a4 'Cbblv prr,) of N2

c) \' nR'r ?

Y
\br , \t' ?a

V, (), bq?3t, m3
C. t&b? nnu\ { S
{11
0, oQSjb

0.3\36 v3 \rn3

EL
t, '1'l' C1, t).o 0' b'l " ?l]t
) - t3,sstk - &llr' sl
O\ren "
L'l,(lle
f,
r=
\bt g
4,
Y?q
*G. \n
r -sQ.3k
PCI'" /l.oslv?4 ?1r , btY
\t'f' . l3,s&58'Qls&-\l
r -s?3k
?*_ nA
0
rY or
a Grucn'. ]; 300 K ?"t'
?I "
&
fb nt I 0 0,,) ot*
h O\ott ' 0, L\3 ato PhAtl

Y1 = \o\ 3rPc1 -" hlat.,^rrtk; f ,tl3e\ox q{qd1/ir

l'lnc.ttn(,' s\Lj \fu. kt r.?q "l
tr"t
Irt ar, i \ L,l, ? F?q f I h6rwl nr\-
cvgl " J
SF, 6rt5
,5 ,1tr,frV?a
Pq"
gas at 101'3 kPa and 310 K contains acetone
vapour
4. A mixture of acetone vapour and nitrogen
is given
15 kPa. The vapour pressure of acetone
to the extent that it exerts a partial pressure of
by the Antoine equation:
c 2940.46
tn p'= i_4.5463 -ffi
wherethepressureisinkPaandtemperatureisinK'Determinethefollowing:
a. The mole fraction of acetone in the mixture
b. The weight fraction of acetone in the mixture
c. The molal humiditY
d. The absolute humiditY
e. The molalsaturation humiditY
f. The absolute saturation humidity
C. The mass of acetone in 100 m3 of the mixture
,i r\/,1 Y. , YPA . 'lr\. \4(JZ - D'l'\u /lk
,' )' \b\ \n \t,
f '3lrK
,?
" l-\4,\4
i)tp-, \tu Vlrr
i\
mt,lC QcEYufC
o) 1'n'! - --
?u = \5.0 \cro 0 . \LtJl
mr,'\t nilYI\!c
01 Vi \o\,3wa

b) *o'ffi 0,

o, ut\ \hb\
\ rno\o ar,rl\:lg fl N o

flAce\r:re, - ().auQ-siry
rn\l hle
ql
() )'1.
s a(e{bt\e
J, rno)e

6o\ct N3

d,) )' 0. )1 ?e rnu\es aatoYv- sd', otlaJ Gcetb te

X 1mo\O
muVS o[ Nr N!
1f . {.rQ r\
J
6r,\t N2

r)
€) \'
Pr
t &tr, 3tr v?q rnrrle aatbte CsaNrrakcil
Ys 4-;
-
o.3r\tr
v ?ot t\,,\ 3 - Qu,36)rYa yylo\eJ Ot Nz

l) tlr* : ), -#ff\p
0,-l1YS a 0celtre (sqluford)
- c.?s\)Iry - Na
x
ffi.6tuq
ts,D{ 1 Nl
acffL,he

rnr,lt

g) Dastsi I(JD m? rnlXtl,\14

n'u lY ,gL _' -flt\.i

\ot ,3 v?q- ( m?\
r h'nr) (jruv)
I?T
ttb

Y mu\ \( -

h mr y . g, qb O\ f,rnu\ rnrX\r'\rc

r)qcttunc ' xAtrnrx a 0.\'\8\ Ymu\ficehre [3 aeoll YI0L\ miyil,9

hnlY
Vmo\

hqcehrv. ' CI' VY)\ Lnnt'\ actfbhg

I tr. q WJ acePro
s qct\r ra ' C's6'3\ Ymc\ octhhe
t Ymt\ acetbto

\ hacttonc ' 3? '11V1 ace\ot+l

t* Ir

28
RELATIVE SATURATION

5. A fuel saturated with water vapour at 300 K and 100 kPa has a heating value of 250011 kJ/m3 of
the total gas. What will be the heating value in kJ/m3 of the gas at 295 K and 105 kPa if its
relative saturation is only 50%? The vapour pressure of water at 300 K and 295 K are 3.5 kPa and
2.6 kPa resPectivelY.

0ve6: T1 Ir.' 30b L,

'500 L, . l6bp?q
l0bP?q Pt Rs,' \bD'1,
hrannl \m\rr"c(\\) ' qvbllc r) lm? T1 , lbs pVq
Ja' lqs K R sa _- 50 ol,
P/I', . ?.rY?q
}|v.'1
o\
h" 'l'(, ulq
ksts, \ni? (ol
J
tnry,tr,tK-

n,| -' P\ \brJ t,lrr [ \nr?) n j = 0.ortD\ \(rn6\ ,-L

-RI -______-____--
[rU K?a'm] t?octc) ?y
trnu\ "K

- ,j.s F?ci hqut\, (o o'to\ - \. t\04 )'ru-3 ) rq6)

hfi
[ (r. oL\D\ \cn'lb\ )
lou t?cr
hqw\' A' D?El tnL\
z 'lrln6\
htr' \. '\u '\ x \D*'
P) I {:tta{ \bs FJ | [rnu\ ,[rr\
\\v , A\$oD \rn? 4 as nr\
-^_---J-
r^rr" nv 0, 6381 Y-ril,\
1ac
Vosrs '.
I Hoi 1o5 rn\ )th"\\e-
nr = ry
\or \'?a t trn') hf " 0, Oltl} Vlrrt\

RI: {31q y?; nP t}4r V)

t-,1+
' \,?v?q Io,cyaatVrnu\)
'1" R, ' L
?o'
Y.\bb _\'1
n1
o/,,
\usYIrl

0.rb' L
&.bYlrr
Yv
0p, " r.?b * \u-t{ [rnt\

CI1r,te
r O. Dqlt trrto\ - S, 3D Y \u-' \trnd

?1, " \'? vYa !1ue\ - 8.6r1)j Emo\

\\\ " G, 1(, x\DY YJ I rt.*rt twt LD,oqU fmu\)

\Iv , !l ?af " 8o O) ,a I
ur rrr\{\,rie-
5

eq
 DEW POINT

1,. A mixture of nitrogen and benzene has a dew point of 300 K. The temperature and the pressure
of the mixture are 335 K and 105 kPa, respectively. The vapour pressure if benzene (kPa) is

ln Pc = 13.8858 -2788'5L
' T-s2.36
Calculate the following:
a. Percent saturation of the mixture
b. Kilogram benzene per kilogram nitrogen
c. Kilograms benzene per cubic meter of mixture
d. Dew point of the mixture if the total pressure were 100 kPa
e. Pressure required to condense 60% of the benzene from the mixture at 300 K

2. One cubic meter of a gas at STP is to be dried from a dew point of 300 K to a dew point of 285 K-

a. How much water must be removed?

b. What will be the volume of the gas at STP after drying? The vapour pressure of water is 1.4
kPa at 285 K and 3.56 kPa at 300 K.
3. An air-water vapour sample at 101.3 kPa has a dry bulb temperature at 328 K and is l0%
saturated with water vapour^ Using the psychrometric chart, determine the following:
a. The absolute humidity, kilogram water vapour per kg dry air
b. The partial pressure of water vapour
c. The absolute humidity at 328 K (at saturation)
d. Percent relative saturation (vapour pressure)
e. Dew point (% relative saturation)

I , G\\tn' Taq, = zbbY At6K's\

\n ?t '
!u\r$ \7 ' ysYU
[' 3?sK f-lstts?a T- - 5a,3b a'3U ) ?A t
L)

/
x P-f tr\bb
q) *1"
srr[,\fctilLil\ ' Pt* =' \V.k\ V?A \rb - Iy, 61
....-
?\ x --- x \ibr
'h T-?p ss' oq L?rt \rb -\i,Fl-
ul,Scf\l\c{hbn . \1, \1'1,
Pp

b)' .1" 1
.lt'E y5 - \7,x\ erat v1 co l\tr/Ul *.
' Y-ltl mp \ft -\z"Yl x:t8'.\\'
a8 ,bl I_
0,

c) vgkHqlh,f rn\Y.
_h.= unr nry 'JJ$. j D,0SZ1
Bosts , \rn] rnY PT
\m
(tru, vtn\c t nn' hJt " t\,{baq X\u-e Y.nlb\
RIT
tv.anclsY) conc. = q ,q tu a \ t\o-? Yntl\ [1r' rz;
hr ' C. Of34 trrqo\ \rn3 grr rn)y
Co hL.= 0 3r-l1 L1 rruo
3D
 Pp tb \\ts
d') T6rpo,rt'1 Y" \ooYf61 )' = 0, 1b\1
Krrrc\

Yrrto\ 'l$a
?- ?p
e ' ' ?At
dcu: go't$ Pn

X4' 0, \ bt't Kmu\ Qr,\\tr

PA n,:L.X&
.- \ t D,tbY{ x,nru\ nnu,
Py h1 Xg= 0,0q1
$CIs

Pfi '
Dq))
h Pr' \60 V?cr t(l'
?1 " q'to L?q' ff
A-tEs.rl ar\\. ?8 \(
0n[q.tDv?a] ( \? 8818 _
Iarr,,ptr\ - 5l'3b

- 0,qu)

Yi' . (t, br\b\ ro tmo\ (6n$q , ?n- \3,8\ 1 , ,tr''.Qq3o YYa

tnit,t Na T-?'r t - tr.}\

DRYING / HUMIDIFICATION

of water in kilograms is
1. Wood containing 40% moisture is dried to 5% moisture. what mass
evaporated per kilogram of dry wood?
point of 20oc and leaves al70%
2. Air at 101.3 kpa enters an adiabatic drier at 87.5"C with a dew
5% moistur':. content'
humidity. Wet paper enters the drier with 25% moisture and leaves with
Determine the following:
a. water evaporated in kilograms per 100 cubic meters of air entering
b.Finishedproductinkilogramsperl00cubicmetersofair
During tlrying, the
3. A batch of leather leaving a dryer weighs 1000 kg and contains 5% moisture.
leather loses 50% of its original weight. Determine the following:
a. The moisture content of the leather entering the dryer on a dry basis 1.105 kg of water per
kg of drY leather
The amount of moisture removed per kg of bone dry leather (1.05 kg of
water p€rr kg of dry
b.
leather)
C'WaterremovedaSpercentoftheoriginalWaterpresent(95-74%\

3l
\.

J'u'l 'L ;
rolr rnb\Ji-
4o'),rnrv 0 z'lt, l1
ko'[, d'r] {\olu Artl
W' \60 -P r
&is\t IbD\c9 6\ Ur06d, 0.60 water
{11 : 31.xnv1
rr,) bc\On((:
Bu[ c\3,r.ood

\60 11 1o,Q.o) " P (b"q1)

y , b\.\Gf1
YU \Lol,s,ti6\tl ,1n60 5 0'f u t5 wrno v€c\

?, \(cu0\c F -- \ouo \r4 - .Ur

d'r)e r 0,Y
0
)
Y4

J'ln \\aD

0lr.\9 IFz ?+w 4f lo soirr\

D \fg z \bgr)[o,CIs) | QbL)t Lo'1)
'--1 \oou toiqr)
'dn\ g7 = \D\D Vr\
,)
t. qV D Vr)

ft) \25 \hD ;

\brD Pq \.\0Y' yy,a)-0,r-
---+
v1 su\t c\ ts(l vq vq oP aru so\\A
J
\

b) \l[ D Rn] CIve c\ _ a,bb b([o'rD ) ,)Y4 : \. gY lr,1 w6\k

Yt s()\ 6\ {r'i B k1 drui \{ol\ft-
il
c) WoWr wrnov'td' o'(W v,4vcr rnrh0\\u) ?wroylf ; \t sU V1
" [0, ryttloo ) ol, Ha|) rcttov{(;
oi
' \6bS v1

F*t.r', 'l,l
'-------)u
I

nA
5/
2. Final purification stage in the preparation of certain pharmaceutical product A from natural
sources requires centrifuging and continuous filtration as depicted below. Determine the flow
rate of recycle stream in kS / h.

Recycle, 0.5 kg A per kg water, R

Feed, 100 kglh 65% A

W
{20% A in water) Water 35% Water

bl.l9 r y= W l? ba\anct dy cCI1.influXt

loo \cg lh " W Yl --z @ r

A ba\qnrc:. l+=wlB
\00.[0,Q6) , P L0,r,o J\. z lr. L\q r lu ' 53

P " Q\. rl Y5 ltr -ro 1yz \\1, oQ K9 lh

W'18,\q k'3 lh

Da\anra il F\fYer.
B ! R YP
B-R=0\.51V9 lh-'--O
h V"\anct ct) $'lt(n
eLb-br) = -o.y cR) + e\.rl fo.ff)
r V0.5
rT
\R=
l#tr
\q,o? tqlh I

$z 40. sr Blh

3?
7

3. Wet solid containing water is mixed with recycled dry solid to reduce the water content to
TAYo

50% before being admitted into the granulator. The solid leaving the granulator is fed to a drier
where it is brought into contact with dry air initially containing 0.25% water by weight. ln the
. drier, the air picks up moisture and leaves with a moisture content of 5%. The solids eaving the
drier contains?O% water. A portion of this solid is recycled.

Moist air, 5% water Air 0.25% water

Wet solid, 1000kg/h 50% water 20% sCIlitl

70o/owater,30% solid 50% solid 80% solid

For 1000kg/h of wet solid sent to the granulator as fresh feed, determine the following:

a. The amount of solid recycled

b. The circulation rate of air in the drier on a dry basis.

Ot\g ,. y, W+P bo\on rr- arrun d tht drrly-

l(l$ v.q th " w !Y
bo\an re, I drr4 air- ba\ aY\,(a
0.{qcr\ lo\\c\
\otr,to'?t)' r(n'g-u] Ur t\ -o.br)'tijlg , Vq t\- 0,boQ,r ) Lr1 rtir4 nrr
f,3 oel arr ar
Y', ?1( rg\h 15 we\
-- --f
ItU \C,*r{* \,, tb.qs) - !n to, {11r) 'c O
w" fte\ v5 lh -
p0\w
Ilgb kro\ anw qf Atrr,r-.

r,6) fn o, \ (rb6, fu-t f o . 5b) + uf,10" oDEr) " U, Lo.or);lo{\.ral[U

(o,rbar) ' bar.oot

aO)

\J' [o,o{) - \]e

bl'^9 I F + R =D -(}
!, ' \31).,s. 0l vjlh rur\ d.rr-
So\\d [6-,\cnc( 6l' I'l\YU, \a ' \? r bb, oe K3 lh wrl a\\-
Y6\\\|'
\ooU [0.3b) + ],LU.so\; fi [0. t1j) Usrng \1, and ),t
h .w)
-'O
R ' bbfu , bl \tri l\4 t3lar-oa I we\ ar. ( l- o'bYY1 drq ct\r t
l\ " \Qe"'* , Gl \.S \h

34
7
RECYCLE AND BYPASS

1. Air at 320 saturated with water vapour is dehumidified by cooling to 285 K and by consequent
K

condensation of water vapour. Air leaving the dehumidifier, saturated at 285 K is mi>:ed with a
part of the original air which is bypassed. The resulting air stream is reheated to 320 K. lt is
desired that the fina[ air contains water vapour not more than 0.03 kg per kg of dry air,
Calculate:
a. The mass of dry air (in kilograms) bypassed per each kg of dry air sent through the
dehumidifier
b. The mass of water vapour (in kilograms) condensed in the dehumidifier per 1"00 cubic
meters of air sent through it
c. The volume of final air obtained per 100 cubic meters of air passed through the
dehumidifier

l-7
tr

3ar) L L ffxs
o 5
3a0r
ld\ " 1,r,1\t,?a1
PRt ' \o.or?q
\a ,'1 , \ \q dI$ 4\r
),=''
Bas\: \ 11 dnJ arr i0 C
G) B Or.^D cf M (. Mrxrnl ptrs )
EA d\t\ q.\\ 6t\t), D.tB=E
en*nn1 Jht hutnw\rMr
\ Yt An5 arr +9 = E (D
), . P^' tr9P \bu 5 c\ an0g 6l M
--"
t-?A' e1B d{tcrrr \*1 \ar5x k.t e t1r'r * gf 0,otzs1z1)uN
l..ru-3

, ID,G
dy r$ dt\ (rr \r,ffintr)
\b\,3 - \D"U a1
= E Lo,ogg, Ha.
'lr = 0. Dlar I1 Hau )*()
I
'h, tr, J X,o-' Sjg
v1 dwl arr O-O \u5 dnlatr

6rtr
\co5
\
f; \, YDls
B\ or,

z{
b) h), cL!, -)r)
: \Yr\ dt\ qrr L0.
JJ
Dl a,( - 8.-15 x\D-3 )4 t+to

14 dwl att-
h, , A, A(a Vs r$ Hab

\u, -' W,.,

'
---
Ur *-fr
j'" \u
11"
nn
--+
\ \tr\
-I I o" c1a,
&c\\rc) e$_a"- \8, b\\ ig Uqu
mo\
rna\
0T, . CI,6?&S UnfC\
rr r ' ET4'rn) P)
V,'
ry ' (0, oorr)f 'av'1j {:-)taao
\D\ . 3 v?6\

\t' \' D\\\tnj b1 tqho ond pru pDtilon

0 . 0 b}f Lq \lau . \N [str
\, 0l\\ m3 1oO rrl

W
*no ' G ,j 1u 1cc1 HqD

c.) \, \o\a LCL

=,vdcd\a,rr)
q. or\\ rrf \00.n'
E? ' \q8. "\l \q d1 o\r
oI ' \1(,/il q dh,/) cr,\ts
P'a.r.,itv1^n) q\'(ffi)
a'Q ra drq Ar
\ V rnt\
\tr, D\Y Y{ s2u
hr, S" }(!bq Y-vno\ a\r Yltl,\

V'nRY , rh{)
P
(-s" 3tu&,,\ fe .zrur
*#) tatovJ

\D\ , 3 YY,I

36