UNIT–1: Know Your Campus

Vocabulary

Activity 1

The following grid has words related to college and education. The words run in all
directions. After circling them in the grid, list them in the space given below. The
starting and ending letters of the words are given to make the task easier.

p r i n c i p a l x
t n e m n g i s s a
y r t z t o p p e r
y e t s c o u r s e
r c n r e h c a e t
a a e r u t c e l s
r l d n u f e e s e
b l u x y r o j a m
i z t c o l l e g e
l x s u o i d u t s

s ____________r I ____________l m ____________r s ___________s

c ____________e l ____________e r_____________l c ___________e

t____________ r l ____________y f _____________s s ___________t

t ___________ r t ____________t f _____________n a ___________t

p___________l

Writing

Activity 1 (Describing Words)

The words describing something or someone are underlined in the sentences given
below. Select the word which is relevant to you, your class and your institution.

1. The campus looks green / dry.

2. The teachers are strict / friendly.
3. The classes are boring / interesting.
4. The lessons are creative / monotonous.
5. We are punctual / late to the class.
6. We are active / passive in the classes.
7. Our course book is cheap / expensive.
8. We are regular / irregular to the classes.
9. We are given outdated / smart classrooms.
10. The classes are useful/ useless.
11. Our classes are always calm / noisy.
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12. The tasks are easy /tough.
13. Most of us are from rural / urban background.
14. The classrooms are tidy / dirty.
15. We are well behaved / mischievous.
16. The college has a wonderful / horrible playground.
Listening

Listen to the following documentary on the college and answer the questions given
below.

1. The college was started in the year _____________.

2. The institution is affiliated to _____________ university
3. In the year _____________, the college became autonomous.
4. Work, Love, _____________is the motto of the college.
5. _____________ is the patron saint of the college.

Reading
Activity 1
Give a silent as well loud reading of the following story. Get the help of your teacher
while reading.

A very rich educated man took his son to a village to show what poverty is all
about. After the trip, he asked his son about poverty. The son replied:
We have 1 dog. They have 4.
We have a small pool. They have a long river.
We've lamps. They've stars.
We've a small piece of land. They've large fields.
We buy food. They grow theirs & eat fresh.
We have to play with computers. They have real friends to play.
We have money which is supposed to make us happy. They have happiness hence
they do not need money.

Their fathers have time for their children. Our fathers don't have.

The boy's dad was speechless.

Then the boy said ''Thanks dad for showing me how poor we are"

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Activity 2
Read the following story and answer the questions given below:

The story of Devl, a child activist promoting the cause of education.

I am Devli. I was born in a stone quarry in Haryana. My parents were also born there. Our
entire family worked in the stone quarry as we were bonded labourers. It was only when we were
rescued by Bachpan Bachao Andolan*that we understood what it means to be free. I started working
at the age of five. I used to break bigger rocks into smaller ones. My sisters and I used to load rocks
into trucks along with everyone else. We had never seen a banana or any fruit. When we were first
given a banana after being rescued, we ate it without peeling it off. We had never seen paper and
didn't know anything beyond the stone quarry and the work there. After rescue we were given homes
in Jodhpur, our native place, in a colony, where I stay now. I went to Balika Ashram, a centre of BBA
in Delhi where I learned to read and write and also received training in how to use computers. After
staying there for a year, I went back to my parents and now study in the school in my village. I also
enrolled 15 children into school in my village. I am now in class five. I like going to school, studying
Hindi and English and playing with my friends. I want to be a teacher when I grow up.

*an India-based movement campaigning for the rights of children. It was started in 1980 by
Nobel Laureate Mr. Kailash Satyarthi.

State whether given sentences are true or false.

1. Devli fights for the cause of children’s rights. ( )

2. Bachpan Bachao Andolan was started by Devli. ( )

3. Devli was born in a stone quarry. ( )

4. The parents of Devli were bonded labourers. ( )

5. Devli started working at the age of five. ( )

6. The native village of Devli was Jodhpur. ( )

7. Devli ate the banana with its skin because it was nutritious. ( )

8. Balika Ashram is a centre of Bachpan Bachao Andolan. ( )

9. Devli helped fifty children get education in her village. ( )

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 10. Mr. Kailash Satyarthi is the winner of Nobel Prize. ( )

Speaking

Activity 1
In the words given below, one of them has a different vowel or consonant sound.
Find the odd one out. List some more words having the common sound found in
the given words. Practise them aloud with the help of your teacher.

1. a. head b. bed c. said d. get e. red f. made

2. a. car b. star c. man d. far e. park f. heart
3. a. sun b. fun c.gun d. late e. luck f. but
4. a. chap b. chill c. check d. change e. chin f. machine
5. a. mat b. cat c. fat d. bat e. hut f. sat

Activity 2

Why do you want to study in this college? Use the words given within the box to
speak on it for a minute

placement opportunities, service oriented, help, happy, aim,

wish, want, reputed institution, quality education, teaching
values, poor rural students, good infrastructure, smart
classrooms

********

UNIT-2: Know Yourself

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Vocabulary

Activity 1

Relating and Grading Emotions

Cross out the emotions/feelings you think are not good for your development, and
tick the ones you think that you should continue to develop till the end of your life.
After completion, your teacher will put you in groups of five or six, and you will be
asked to order the good feelings in terms of its importance. You can get the help of
your teacher in learning the meaning for difficult words if any.

1. alert ( ) 16. encouraging ( )

2. angry ( ) 17. energetic ( )

3. annoyed ( ) 18. enthusiastic ( )

4. anxious ( ) 19. faithful ( )

5. arrogant ( ) 20. friendly ( )

6. ashamed ( ) 21. frightening ( )

7. brave ( ) 22. gentle ( )

8. cheerful ( ) 23. healthy ( )

9. comfortable ( ) 24. helpful ( )

10. confused ( ) 25. jealous ( )

11. cooperative ( ) 26. lonely ( )

12. courageous ( ) 27. nervous ( )

13. depressed ( ) 28. shy ( )

14. determined ( ) 29. tired ( )

15. compassionate ( ) 30. upset ( )

5
Activity 2

Unscramble the following words using their synonyms given in the next box as
clues.

das ___________________ upset

nvey __________________ jealous

bdlo __________________ brave

inkd __________________ loving

rifm ___________________ determined

yhs ___________________ inhibited

roudp _________________ arrogant

oyjulf _________________ happy

artle __________________ watchful

bisrk _________________ lively

Activity 3

Body Parts

Twenty human body parts are numbered below. Write them in the space provided.

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 1. …………………………...... 11. …………………………......

2. …………………………...... 12. …………………………......

3. …………………………...... 13. …………………………......

4. …………………………...... 14. …………………………......

5. …………………………...... 15. …………………………......

6. …………………………...... 16. …………………………......

7. …………………………...... 17. …………………………......

8. …………………………...... 18. …………………………......

9. …………………………...... 19. …………………………......

10. …………………………...... 20. …………………………......

Writing
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Activity 1

Read the following self-introduction carefully and fill in the blanks with appropriate
details of yours.

I am ________________ from ________________.

My father’s name is __________ and my mother’s name is _________

They ________________ me very much..

I am from a/an ________________ background.

I did my schooling in ________________ . I secured ______________ class.

I __________ my teachers a lot. The teacher I like most is _____________.

She taught me ________________.

Right now I am studying in ________________. It is situated in _________.

I belong to the department of ___________. There are ______________ students

in my class.

I am _____________ at studies. Apart from studies, I have few hobbies like

________________ and ________________.

My ambition is to become a/an________________.

Activity 2 (Progressive and Assertive & Negative sentences)

What am I doing?

The following sentences convey ‘an action in progress right now’. Read the
sentences and if you are Involved in any of the actions right now, write ‘yes’ and
write ‘no’ for the rest of the actions. One is done for you.

No Continuous Action Sentences

1. I am reading.
Yes, I am reading.

2. I am standing.
No, I am not standing.

3. I am wearing a white shirt.

4. I am using a computer.

5. I am talking to my friend.

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 6. I am thinking about this task.

7. I am fighting with my friend.

8. I am discussing with my neighbour.

9. I am sitting on the desk.

10. I am singing.

11. I am wearing a hat.

12. I am writing.

13. I am sending SMS.

14. I am playing with friends.

15. I am wasting my time.

Activity 3 (Past Verb forms)

What did I do yesterday?

Write fifteen actions which were done by you either yesterday or the day before. A
list of actions is given below and you may either choose from among the fifty
actions given or write some other relevant actions based on your experience. Go to
page number 38-39 for the past form of verbs. One is done for you.

Actions

beat bring buy come dig

draw drive drink eat fall
find fight forget forgive get
give go hear hide hit
know learn leave lie make
meet pay read ride ring
run sell send sing sit

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 sleep speak spend stand swim
take teach tear tell think
throw wake wear win write

1. I went to my friend’s house yesterday. (the action go is used)

2. ………………………………………………………………………………….

3. ………………………………………………………………………………….

4. ………………………………………………………………………………….

5. ………………………………………………………………………………….

6. ………………………………………………………………………………….

7. ………………………………………………………………………………….

8. ………………………………………………………………………………….

9. ………………………………………………………………………………….

10. ………………………………………………………………………………….

11. ………………………………………………………………………………….

12. ………………………………………………………………………………….

13. ………………………………………………………………………………….

14. ………………………………………………………………………………….

15. ………………………………………………………………………………….

Listening

Watch the video clipping and answer the questions given below.

1. Who freed the sub - continent?

2. Name the person who changed the map of Asia?

3. Who empowered the rural India?

4. Who brought the universe within home?

5. Who changed the rules of the games?

Reading

Activity 1
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Give a silent as well loud reading of the following story. Get the help of your teacher
while reading.

Once nearly 50 men and women were attending a seminar. Suddenly the
speaker stopped and decided to do a group activity. He started giving each one a
balloon. Each one was asked to write his/her name on it using a marker pen. Then
all the balloons were collected and put in another room.

Now the participants were allowed into that room and asked to find the
balloon which had their name written within 5 minutes. Everyone was frantically
searching for their name, dashing with each other, pushing around others and
there was utter confusion.

At the end of 5 minutes no one could find their own balloon. Now each one
was asked to randomly collect a balloon and give it to the person whose name was
written on it. Within minutes everyone had their own balloon.

The speaker then began, “This is happening in our lives. Everyone is madly
looking for happiness all around, not knowing where it is.

Our happiness lies in the happiness of other people. Give them their
happiness; you will get your own happiness. And this is the purpose of human
life…”

Activity 2

Read the following story carefully and answer the questions given below.

An 87 Year Old College Student Named Rose

The first day of college the professor introduced himself and challenged the
students to get to know someone they didn’t already know. John stood up to look
around when a gentle hand touched his shoulder. He turned around to find a
wrinkled, little old lady looking up at him with a smile.

She said, “Hi My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old.”

“Why are you in college at such an old age?” John asked.

“I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!”
she told me.

After class they walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate
milkshake. They became instant friends. Every day for the next three months, they
would leave class together and talk nonstop. John was always mesmerized listening
to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with him.

Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily
made friends wherever she went. At the end of the semester, Rose was invited to
speak. I’ll never forget what she taught us.

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 She cleared her throat and began, “ There are only few secrets for success
and happiness. Remain active always. We do not stop playing because we are old;
we grow old because we stop playing.

You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so
many people walking around who are dead and don’t even know it! There is a huge
difference between growing older and growing up.

If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one
productive thing, you will turn twenty years old.

If I am eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do
anything I will turn eighty-eight.

Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is
to grow up by always finding opportunity in change. Have no regrets.

The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did
not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.”

At the year’s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those
years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.

Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in tribute to the
wonderful woman who taught by example that it’s never too late to be all you can
possibly be.

State whether the following are true or false:

1. John had a young companion in the college. ( )

2. Rose wanted to study in order to support her family. ( )
3. Rose was an aged woman. ( )
4. John and Rose became friends at once. ( )
5. John was bored to listen to Rose. ( )
6. Rose was a role model to all in the college. ( )
7. There is no difference between growing older and growing up. ( )
8. Rose finished her studies successfully. ( )
9. Rose died the next day of her graduation. ( )
10. Over 2,000 school students attended Rose’s funeral. ( )

Speaking

Activity 1

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Practise the following tongue twister with the help of your teacher.

She sells sea shells on the seashore but

the shells she sells are not real sea shells.

Try to list 20 words having the /sh/ sound and practise them.

1. __________________ 11. __________________

2. __________________ 12. __________________

3. __________________ 13. __________________

4. __________________ 14. __________________

5. __________________ 15. __________________

6. __________________ 16. __________________

7. __________________ 17. __________________

8. __________________ 18. __________________

9. __________________ 19. __________________

10. __________________ 20. __________________

Activity 2

Introduce yourself before your classmates.

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 UNIT–3: Entertainment

Vocabulary

Activity 1

A list of thirty six words related to entertainment is given below. These words can
be grouped under six categories. A total of six words fall under each category. Go
through the list and classify them.

Word list

Waves telecast channel

chat magazine download
e-mail foul tweet
cricket blockbuster jogging
lie-down matinee newspaper
newsreaders break novel
editorial print release
remote riding seesaw
spectators sunbath team
theatre umpire serial
stadium watch webpage
website winner write

Classify

Movie / Show Television

1. …………………………. 7. ………………………….

2. …………………………. 8. ………………………….

3. …………………………. 9. ………………………….

4. …………………………. 10. ………………………….

5. …………………………. 11. ………………………….

6. …………………………. 12. ………………………….

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 Internet Sports/Games

13.……………………. 19.…………………….

14.……………………. 20.…………………….

15.……………………. 21.…………………….

16.……………………. 22.…………………….

17.……………………. 23.…………………….

18.……………………. 24.…….………………..

Print Media Beach /Park

25.………………………….
31.………………………….
26.………………………….
32.………………………….
27.………………………….
33.………………………….
28.………………………….
34.………………………….
29.………………………….
35.………………………….
30.………………………….
36.………………………….

Activity 2

Unscramble the following words. The last two ending letters are given to make the
task easier.

1. oynej - - - - - - oy

2. tieneam - - - - - - ee

3. esgma - - - - - - es

4. ictfoni - - - - - - on

5. ieovm - - - - - - ie

6. rkap - - - - - - rk

7. mgaanezi - - - - - - ne

8. singwmim - - - - - - ng

9. cutralslu - - - - - - ls

10. tcah - - - - - - at

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Writing

Activity 1

Write five sentences on your favourite actor or cricket player.

1. _______________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________________

Activity 2 (Words Modifying Verbs)

In each of the following sentences, one word adds more information to the verb.
Find out the word and write it in the next page. Also, in the passage given in the
next page, underline the words which say more about the actions. Study the
following example to know about adverbs:

Sentences
1. I am really surprised by the news.
2. The actor was seriously injured.
3. The news was wrongly reported on the internet.
4. You should watch the movie quietly.
5. The actor criticised his fans unnecessarily.
6. He nervously awaited the release of his movie.
7. The reporter was brutally murdered.
8. This webpage is poorly designed.
9. Charlie Chaplin worked hard to make people laugh.
10. The director arrived late for the function.
11. She sings the old songs beautifully.
12. This colour combination is often used on this website.
13. You shouldn’t always believe in what you see on screen.
14. Media still depends on technology.
15. I’ve never been to a beach.
16. The entertainers quietly went home.
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 Write the words
1. ………………………… 9. …………………………
2. ………………………… 10. …………………………
3. ………………………… 11. …………………………
4. ………………………… 12. …………………………
5. ………………………… 13. …………………………
6. ………………………… 14. …………………………
7. ………………………… 15. …………………………
8. ………………………… 16. …………………………

The demands at the work place seldom allow me to enjoy my life. Strangely, I don’t
even get a chance to talk to my children. Since I reach home late and leave early, I
don’t get enough time to spend with them. Therefore, I devote weekends, especially
Sundays, to my family. I take them to beach, theatre, and restaurants. This week-
end entertainment gives me and my family some kind of relaxation which we
desperately require to keep us fresh through the weekdays.
17.………………………… 21.…………………………
18.………………………… 22.…………………………
19.………………………… 23.…………………………
20.………………………… 24.…………………………
Listening
Watch the video clipping from the movie Matilda and answer the questions given below.

State whether the following are true or false.

1. Matilda is ill treated by her parents. ( )
2. Matilda had more interest for playing. ( )
3. Harry, Matilda’s father owned a car factory. ( )
4. Honey was the principal of the school. ( )
5. Matilda had a brother. ( )

Reading
Activity 1

Listen to the following story carefully read by your teacher and answer the
questions orally first and then mark the answers in the work book.
The Other Side of Actor Suriya
The versatile actor Suriya has another side to his personality. He is not just
the celebrity Suriya that we know of. He is also a sensitive citizen and philanthropy
resides in him. Through his Agaram Foundation he has been silently helping
deserving students to rise above poverty and emerge successful.

“It is just an extension of what my father did through his Sivakumar

Educational Trust for more than 35 years. I just expanded his vision,” he says of
his work.

17
 He says, “I see my social activities as a responsibility and not a service. I feel
it is my duty to give back to society in whatever little way possible. Fortunately, I
am blessed with more than what I deserve.”
With proper mentoring and giving exposure through workshops in
communication skills, teamwork, goal setting and leadership, he has lit the lives of
many poor students aspiring to become big.
Agaram keeps him busy and there is no leisure time for him. “Few years ago,
I met a school kid named Rajnikanth, a first generation student belonging to a
gypsy community. He was a brilliant student and also excelled in sports and
extracurricular activity. Impressed with his scores in Class X board exams, we
presented him a cash award of Rs.8,000 from our foundation and he enquired if he
could donate the money to the girl students in his class to help them get new
skirts,” recalls Suriya. Living in abject penury, the boy was prepared to part with
the sum meant for his well being and it turned out to be an eye opener for Suriya
and the inspiration to start Agaram.
Though Agaram is his brainchild, he believes there are multiple other
contributors who make it a success. He credits journalist Gnanavel, who suggested the
name for the foundation and sacrificed his career to serve in it and the non-
governmental organization Vazhai, a group of first generation graduates, who tirelessly
guide first generation students like them. “We borrowed the concept from ‘ Vazhai’ and
started ‘ Vidhai’ to help deserving students come up in life. Our main idea is to expose
them to newer horizons and make them global students,” says Suriya.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Agaram Foundation is an organisation that helps_________________.
a) the poor boys b) the poor students c) the poor deserving
students
2. Sivakumar Educational Trust has been functioning for more than___________.
a) three decades* b) five decades c) two decades
(* a decade is a period of ten years)
3. Surya sees his social activities as a ___________.
a) time pass b) duty c) means of popularity
4. Rajinikanth whom Surya met is a ___________.
a) famous actor b) poor boy c) first graduate student
5. ___________ was the eye opener for Surya to start Agaram.
a) a gypsy boy b) his mother c) his friend
6. Rajinikanth was given a cash award of ___________ rupees.
a) 18,000 b) 8,000 c) 80,000
7. Rajinikanth wanted to use the cash award for his -___________.
a) parents b) poor classmates c) studies
8. The name Agaram was suggested by ___________.
a) Gnanavel, a journalist b) his father c) his wife
9. Vazhai, an NGO has a group of___________ as its members.
a) actors b) new graduates c) first generation graduates
10. The word celebrity means___________.
a) a famous person b) celebration c) one who loves celebration

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Activity 2

Read the following anecdote silently as well aloud with the help of your teacher.

One day during a lecture tour, Mark Twain* entered a local barber shop for a
shave. Twain told the barber, “This is my first visit to the town.”
“You’ve chosen a good time to come,” he said.
“Oh?” Twain replied.
“Mark Twain is going to lecture here tonight. You’ll want to go, I suppose?”
“I guess so…”
“Have you bought your ticket yet?”
“No, not yet.”
“Well, it’s sold out, so you’ll have to stand.”
“Just my luck,” said Twain with a sigh. “I always have to stand when that fellow
lectures!”
(*Mark Twain was a famous American writer)

Speaking

Activity1

The following list of words is frequently mispronounced. Learn to pronounce them

correctly with the help of your teacher. Add few more words of the same sound and
practise them at home.

village heard engage name English

manage curd tongue game fish
damage first hanger same dish
language third mingle blame cash
college shirt singular lame push

_________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ _________ _________

Activity 2

Speak for a minute on your favourite film personality or a cricket player.

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 UNIT–4: Society
Vocabulary

Activity 1

The following are words related to society. The letters of the words are jumbled in
the boxes. Only the first four letters of each word are jumbled. Rearrange the
letters to form meaningful words. Write down the words in the space provided.

1 2 3
o e o e f m
v g p p i a
rnment le lies

4 5 6
f i g o f p
a c u r o r
lities ps ession

7 8 9
i e c t a d
l r l u n l
gion ure scape

10 11 12
v a d u a g
u l n i o r
es stry nisation

Rearrange

20
 1. ……………………………………………………….
Rough Work
2. ……………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………….

5. ……………………………………………………….

6. ……………………………………………………….

7. ……………………………………………………….

8. ……………………………………………………….

9. ……………………………………………………….

10. ……………………………………………………….

11. ……………………………………………………….

12. ……………………………………………………….

Create a sentence each using these 12 words.

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. ………………………………………………………………………………………

3. ………………………………………………………………………………………

4. ………………………………………………………………………………………

5. ………………………………………………………………………………………

6. ………………………………………………………………………………………

7. ………………………………………………………………………………………

8. ………………………………………………………………………………………

9. ………………………………………………………………………………………

10. ………………………………………………………………………………………

11. ………………………………………………………………………………………

12. ………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 2

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The following are words related to society. Carefully go through the list and classify
it under the headings given in the following page. First one is answered for you.
Use pencil to do this task.

Word List
worship media wages
education crime temple
estuary peaceful coolie
irrigation determined shop
hill mosque entrepreneurs
babies water theist
house disaster farming
tilling discrimination devotee
lawn nursing rituals
market fanatic ocean
refugees work-alcoholic elated
mountain road teaching
faith gangs footpath
students parents labourers
pond happy hospital
river relatives white-collar
foes opportunity church
atheist outcast secular
electricity children bank
beggars poverty beach
waterfall plain harassment
idol cliques field

Classify
Landscape People Work

00………field………… 00………babies……….. 00………farming………

1. …………………….. 11. …………………….. 21. ……………………..

2. …………………….. 12. …………………….. 22. ……………………..

3. …………………….. 13. …………………….. 23. ……………………..

4. …………………….. 14. …………………….. 24. ……………………..

5. …………………….. 15. …………………….. 25. ……………………..

6. …………………….. 16. …………………….. 26. ……………………..

7. …………………….. 17. …………………….. 27. ……………………..

8. …………………….. 18. …………………….. 28. ……………………..

9. …………………….. 19. …………………….. 29. ……………………..

10. …………………….. 20. …………………….. 30. ……………………..

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 Facilities Condition Religion

00…bank……………. 00………happy…….. 00……mosque……

31. ………………….. 41. ………………….. 51. …………………..

32. ………………….. 42. ………………….. 52. …………………..
33. ………………….. 43. ………………….. 53. …………………..
34. ………………..... 44. ………………….. 54. …………………..
35. ………………….. 45. ………………….. 55. …………………..
36. ………………….. 46. ………………….. 56. …………………..
37. ………………….. 47. ………………….. 57. …………………..
38. …………………. 48. ………………….. 58. …………………..
39. ………………….. 49. ………………….. 59. …………………..
40. ………………….. 50. ………………….. 60. …………………..

23
 Rough Work

Writing

Activity 1 (Tense Recalling)

Correct the errors in the given sentences. You may refer to the following table. The
first one is done for you.

Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Simple

Present

I have been leaning I have learnt I am learning I learn

We have been leaning We have learnt We are learning We learn
You have been leaning You have learnt You are learning You learn
He/She/It
I had been has been
leaning He/She/It
I had learnthas He/She/It is
I was learning He/She/It
I learnt
We had been leaning We had learnt We were learning We learnt
Past

You had been leaning You had learnt You were learning You learnt
He/She/It had been He/She/It had He/She/It was He/She/It
leaning
I will have been leaning learnt
I will have learnt learning
I will be learning learnt
I will learn
Future

We will have been leaning We will have learnt We will be learning We will learn
You will have been leaning You will have learnt You will be learning You will learn
He/She/It will have been He/She/It will have He/She/It will be He/She/It
leaning learnt learning will learn

Error Correction

01.I am study yesterday.(simple past)

I studied yesterday. (not am study)
02. She has reading a book for two hours. (present perfect continuous)
…………………………………………………………………………..

03. We will enjoyed the music.(simple future)

…………………………………………………………………………..

04. They has selected him as the chairman.(present perfect)

…………………………………………………………………………..

05. He had send the mail.(past perfect)

…………………………………………………………………………..

24
06. You will have reach the place by 9 0’ clock.(future perfect)
…………………………………………………………………………..

07. He come home after the class.(simple past)

…………………………………………………………………………..

08. They listen to the song tomorrow.(simple future)

…………………………………………………………………………..

09. It will over by this evening.(simple future)

…………………………………………………………………………..

10. We is preparing for the examination.(present continuous)

…………………………………………………………………………..

11. Everything has change in a few weeks.(present perfect)

…………………………………………………………………………..
13.Karthik will be open the innings.(future continuous)
…………………………………………………………………………..

13. Vivek is read the Hindu everyday.(simple present)

……………………………………………………………………………..

14. Last week they buy a new car.(simple past)

……………………………………………………………………………..

15. It were raining the whole of last night. (past continuous)

………………………………………………………………………………..

Activity 2 (Prepositional Phrases)

Some verbs are always associated with a particular preposition. Eight such
prepositions are given in the box. Fill in the blanks of the phrases given below with
these prepositions in the space given.

for about on to of
at with from in

Phrases

01. be clever something 11. to explain something somebody

02. to agree somebody 12. to insist something
03. to ask something 13. to laugh somebody
04. to be afraid somebody 14. to listen somebody
25
 05. to be angry somebody 15. to participate something
06. to be good something 16. to pay something
07. to be interested something 17. to shoot somebody
08. to be kind somebody 18. to smile somebody
09. to borrow something somebody 19. to succeed something
10. to depend somebody 20. to worry something

Listening

Watch the video clipping on social activists and answer the given questions.

Reading
Activity 1
Read the following story silently as well aloud with the help of your teacher.
A Native American grandfather was talking to his grandson about his
feelings. He said, I feel as if I have two wolves fighting in my heart. One wolf is
vengeful, angry, and violent. The other wolf is loving and compassionate.
The grandson asked him, “Which wolf will win the fight in your heart?"
The grandfather answered, “The one I feed.”
Activity 2
Read the following story carefully and answer the questions given below.
Picture of Peace
There once was a king who offered a prize to the artist who would paint the
best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all the pictures. But
there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.
One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful
towering mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds.
All who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.
The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rough and bare. Above
was an angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down the
side of the mountain tumbled a foaming waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.
But when the king looked closely, he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush
growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had built her nest. There, in
the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest - in perfect peace.
Which picture do you think won the prize? The king chose the second
picture. Do you know why?
"Because," explained the king, "peace does not mean to be in a place where
there is no noise, trouble, or hard work. Peace means to be in the midst of all those
things and still be calm in your heart. That is the real meaning of peace.”

State whether the following are true or false:

1. The king wanted the artists to paint a picture of piece. ( )
2. Several artists tried to paint the picture. ( )
3. The king had to choose among many pictures. ( )
4. The first picture was of rough and bare mountains. ( )
5. All assumed the first one to be a perfect picture of peace. ( )

26
 6. There was a mother bird in the first picture. ( )
7. There was a crack in the rock of the second picture. ( )
8. The mother bird was concerned of its safety. ( )
9. The king offered the prize for the second one. ( )
10.Peace means to be calm amidst noise and trouble. ( )
Speaking
Activity 1
Practise the following tongue twisters with the help of your teacher.
I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream.
If two witches were watching two watches, which witch would watch which
watch?

Activity 2
Attempt short dialogues on the following situations and try presenting them before
your classmates.
a) Between you and a co passenger at the railway station.
b) Between the teacher and the student who comes late.
c) Between the customer and the seller at a fruit stall.
UNIT–5: Friends
Vocabulary

Activity 1

The following words are related to friendship. Rearrange the letters to form
meaningful words and write them down in the space provided.

1 2 3
p p q a a t
u s c u p r
ortive aintance ner

4 5 6
o s s c r f
a s a r e b
ciate ificing iend

7 8 9
r f o c t u
e i d r s r
ndly ial tworthy

27
 10 11 12
t i g e i s
i n u n c n
mate ine ere

1.………………. 2……………… 3……………… 4………………..

5………………. 6……………… 7……………… 8………………..

9……………….. 10……………. 11……………… 12……………….

Activity 2

The box below contains a list of 24 qualities describing your friends. Relate them
with any of your four friends. Get the help of your teacher if you are not sure of the
meaning of the words given.

pleasant, affectionate, amiable, amicable, helpful, available,

believable, brave, caring, cheerful, considerate, cordial,
understanding, easygoing, faithful, forgiving, funny, generous, gentle,
giving, heartfelt, honest, humorous, kind, ...

Friend 1 Friend 2 Friend 3 Friend 4

………….. ………………. ……………….. ………………

………….. ………………. ……………….. ………………

………….. ………………. ……………….. ………………

………….. ………………. ……………….. ………………

………….. ………………. ……………….. ………………

………….. ………………. ……………….. ………………

Writing
Activity 1
Rearrange the following jumbled story.
Shiva decided to donate his eyes after his death to Deepak.
Once there were two friends named Shiva and Deepak.
He asked the doctor not to open this to Deepak.
The other morning, Deepak woke up with blind eyes.

28
One day, while they were travelling they met with an accident.
The doctor looked at Shiva with pity as he was diagnosed with blood cancer.
As time passed by, their friendship started weakening gradually.
When Deepak came for Shiva’s funeral, he was offered a letter by the doctor.
Shiva became depressed and he died soon.
It read that "I want to donate my eyes for you Deepak when I will die.”
Deepak felt ashamed of himself.
Deepak started avoiding Shiva who would live only for a few days.

1. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

2. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

3. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

4. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

5. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

6. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

7. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

8. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

9. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

10. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

11. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

12. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

Activity 2 (Linking Words)

The linking words of the following sentences are removed and are placed between
brackets after every sentence. Carefully read the sentences and put a slash mark (I) in
the place where you think the linking words should be inserted.
1. the sincere hardworking people should enter politics. (and)
2. India is a rich country the Indians are poor. (but)
3. in sports you have to perform perish. (or)
4. they won the election of their goodwill. (because)
5. bribery should be severely dealt with the people get what they deserve. (so that)
6. Ram sent his assistant get the file. (to)
7. politics media is fully committed to social causes. (neither... nor)
8. she was poor, she didn’t go for training. (since)
9. some technicians work hard they retire. (until)
10. the rain, the game started in time. (In spite of)

29
Listening
Watch the video clipping on the value of true friendship and answer the questions
given below.

1) What is the title of the song?

2) Write the verb that starts with the letter “W”?
3) What is the third line of the song?
4) How many chicks dance in the song?
5) Name the verb that starts with the letter “S”?
6) What is the colour of the chicks?
7) Write the verb that ends with the letter “T”?
8) Name the verb that begins with the letter “R”?
9) Which insect flies over the chick’s head?
10) Write down the verb that ends with “Y”?

30
Reading

Activity 1
Read the following friendship song silently as well aloud with the help of your
teacher.
Friends
What are friends,
I've often wondered.
Friends have come,
And friends have gone.
Seldom do I hear their voices,
Like old forgotten songs.
I've walked a thousand lonely miles,
And often wondered, "What went wrong?"
But I've got to make you see;
A friend to you I'll always be.
A friend to you I'll always be.

A friend is not a thing to trade,

Not to be bought, nor to be sold;
Not the ring upon your fingers.
It's not the bills which you fold,
Not the coins your pocket holds.
A friend is young, A friend is old.
And I've got to make you see,
A friend is true, a friend is free;
A friend to you I'll always be.
A friend to you I'll always be.
Activity 2
Read the following story and answer the questions given below.

A Touching Story about Friendship

A voyaging ship was destroyed during a storm at sea and only two of the
men on it were able to swim to a small, desert like island. The two friends agreed
that they had no other choice but to pray to God. However, to find out whose
prayer was more powerful, they agreed to divide the area between them and stay on
opposite sides of the island.
The first thing they prayed for was food. The next morning, the first man saw
a fruit-bearing tree on his side of the land, and he was able to eat its fruit. The
other man remained hungry. After a week, the first man was lonely and he decided
to pray for a wife. The next day, another ship was wrecked, and the only survivor
was a woman who swam to his side of the land. On the other side of the island,
there was nothing. Soon the first man prayed for a house, clothes, more food. The
next day, like magic, all of these were given to him. However, the second man still
had nothing.
Finally, the first man prayed for a ship, so that he and his wife could leave
the island. In the morning, he found a ship. The first man boarded the ship with
his wife and decided to leave the second man on the island. He considered the
other man unworthy to receive God’s blessings, since none of his prayers had been
answered.
As the ship was about to leave, the first man heard a voice from heaven,
31
 “Why are you leaving your companion on the island?”

“My blessings are mine alone, since I was the one who prayed for them,” the
first man answered. “His prayers were all unanswered and so he does not deserve
anything.”

“You are mistaken!” the voice scolded him. “He had only one prayer, which I
answered. If not for that, you would not have received any of my blessings.”

“Tell me,” the first man asked the voice, “What did he pray for that I should
owe him anything?”

“He prayed that all your prayers be answered “

State whether the following are true or false:

1. The ship carried only the two friends. ( )

2. The two friends reached an island. ( )
3. There was nobody in the island. ( )
4. Both the friends prayed to God for help. ( )
5. The second friend remained hungry. ( )
6. After a week the first man prayed for a house. ( )
7. The first man prayed for a ship in order to take his friend. ( )
8. The second friend prayed only for himself. ( )
9. God answered the prayers of the second friend. ( )
10.The moral of the story is one should always pray. ( )

Speaking

Activity 1

Practise the following tongue twisters with the help of your teacher.

a) A proper copper coffee pot.

b) Which wristwatches are Swiss wristwatches?

Activity 2

Befriend your neighbour and speak about his five positive qualities to all. Use the
words under vocabulary for this exercise.

32
 UNIT–6: Career
Vocabulary
Activity 1

The following grid has words related to career. The words run in all directions. After
circling them in the grid, list them in the space given below.

a t r e e n i g n e
d n o w a i t e r m
v a t c o o k i r p
o t c h e f p r e l
c n o s a m x o b o
a u d x u z n d m y
t o z e s r u n u e
e c l e r k z e l e
a c t o r x z v p z
c a r p e n t e r x

1. .……………….. 7. .……………….. 13. .………………..

2. .……………….. 8. .……………….. 14. .………………..

3. .……………….. 9. .……………….. 15. .………………..

4. .……………….. 10. .……………….. 16. .………………..

5. .……………….. 11. .……………….. 17. .………………..

6. .……………….. 12. .……………….. 18. .………………..

Activity 2
Unscramble the following words. All the words are job related. The starting letter of
each word is given to make the task easier.

1. egaw w____________ 6. meinco i____________

2. ekih h____________ 7. ought t____________
3. resherf f_____________ 8. intviewer i____________
4. pkers p____________ 9. meresu r____________
5. pptuortyin o o____________ 10. ffast s____________
Writing

33
Activity 1
Guess who is who. Use the list of professions given below.
1. ………………… …receives and pays out money in a bank/company.
2. …………………….deals with people arriving at a hotel.
3. …………………….serves customers at their tables in a restaurant.
4. …………………… lives in a foreign country as the senior representative.
5. …………………… is a university teacher of the highest rank.
6. …………………… repairs engines of motor vehicles.
7. …………………… pays people to work for them.
8. …………………… cultivates and manages land.
9. …………………… kills animals and sells them as meat.
10. …………………… buys/sells for another in exchange for a commission.
( broker, farmer, butcher, mechanic, cashier, professor,
ambassador, employer, receptionist, waiter )
Activity 2
The words a and an denote one in number. The word a is used before words beginning
with consonant sounds and an is used before words starting with vowel sounds. The word the
is used both for particularised countable and uncountable nouns.

Fill in the blanks with the correct word given within brackets.
1. He wants to become _____________ engineer. (a/an)
2. We have planned to consult _____________ doctor. (a/an)
3. Karthick will become _____________ professor. (a/an)
4. He was satisfied with ____________ salary he received. (a/the)
5. __________ driver they had hired did not turn up. (A/The)
6. She appeared for _______ interview at ________ textile company. (a/an)
7. He wants to become _________ IAS officer. (a/an)
8. Make hay, while ________ sun shines. (a/the)
9. They missed ___________ opportunity from a reputed concern. (as/the)
10. Teaching profession is __________ noble profession (a/an)
Reading
Activity 1
Read the following story silently as well aloud. Get the help of your teacher while reading
The story is told of a king who placed a heavy stone on the road and then he
watched to see who would remove it. Men of various classes came and worked their way
round it, some loudly blaming the king for not keeping the highways clear. At last a
poor farmer on his way to town with his burden of vegetables for sale came and seeing
the stone, laid down his load, and rolled the stone into the gutter. Then, turning round,
he saw a purse that was right under the stone. He opened it and found it full of
diamond stones with a note from the king saying it was for the one who would remove
the stone.
Activity 2
Two humourous incidents which happened at workplace are given below. Read them
carefully and answer the questions asked.
An ignorant youngster

An eager young man entered his prospective boss’s cabin for an interview. Said
the boss “One thing our company is very particular about is cleanliness. I hope you
wiped your shoes on the doormat while coming in?

34
 ‘Yes, sir.” The young man replied promptly. Back came the rejoinder. “One more
thing we’re very particular about is honesty. There is no doormat outside!”

A secretary’s demand
When an efficient secretary. Sarika, demanded her Manager for a raise in her
salary, he refused saying “Your salary is already higher than that of the secretary at
the next desk. And she has five children.”

“Excuse me” Sarika replied, “I thought we got paid for what we produce here. Not for
what we produce at home in our own time.”
State whether the following are true or false:
The young man’s
1. knowledge as tested when he entered. ( )
2. honesty was appreciated ( )
3. pair of shoes was dirty. ( )
The boss
4. was concerned about human values. ( )
5. told about one important rule of the company. ( )
6. must have selected the young man. ( )
Sarika
7. was a sincere worker ( )
8. expected more than she deserved ( )
9. had the same number of children as her colleague. ( )
The manager
10. considered the demands of Sarika. ( )
11. made an inappropriate comparison. ( )
12. was ridiculed by Sarika. ( )

Answer the following

13. Why did the boss ask the question on cleanliness?
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
14. Comment on Sarika’s reply (about production) to her Manager.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Speaking
Activity 1
Practice the tongue twister with the help of your teacher.
Betty bought a bit of butter.
But the butter Betty bought was bitter.
Activity 2
Speak for a minute about your dream job. A model speech is given below.

35
My dream job would be a doctor. I wish to be a doctor because medicine is a noble
profession. A doctor is kept next to God as he saves the lives of human beings. I love
my fellow beings and I cannot bear to see them suffering, so I think that by being a
doctor, I can do a wonderful service to the humanity.

UNIT–7: Relatives
Vocabulary
Activity 1
1. Write the mother tongue equivalent for these words.

No. Word Given Mother Tongue

1. Bride …………………………..
2. Bridegroom …………………………..
3. Elder …………………………..
4. Father-in-law …………………………..
5. Daughter-in-law …………………………..
6. Granddaughter …………………………..
7. Grandfather …………………………..
8. Grandmother …………………………..
9. Grandson …………………………..
10. Mother-in-law …………………………..
11. Neighbour …………………………..
12. Nephew …………………………..
13. Niece …………………………..
14. Son-in-law …………………………..
15. Spouse …………………………..
16. Stepbrother …………………………..
17. Uncle …………………………..
18. Aunt …………………………..
19. Father …………………………..
20. Mother …………………………..
Writing
Activity 1
Preposition of Time
Given below are time and its corresponding prepositions. Go through the usage. When
you are thorough with the uses, attempt to complete the sentences given below using
appropriate prepositions.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
{at} Time of the day {on} Date of the month
10 a.m. 30th February

36
Part of the day March 16
(the) Morning2 14 April, 2008
(the) Afternoon May 01, 2008
(the) Evening

(at) Dawn {in} Month of the year

Dusk June
Night3 August
Midnight December

{on} Day of the week {in} Season

Sunday (the) Winter
Monday (the) Summer

Festive periods {in} Year

Christmas 1947
Diwali
Ramzan {in} Century
(the) 21st century
If the time mentioned is duration, ‘for’ should be used instead of ‘at’. (eg.3 hours)
If you refer to any part of the day on that day itself, ‘this’ should be used instead of a
preposition.
(eg. this morning, this evening)
‘in the night’ is also possible.

Fill in with appropriate prepositions

01. I will meet you ……………the morning.
02. She used to wake up ……………dawn.
03. The movie releases ……………April.
04. The match starts ……………7 p.m.
05. The college reopens ……………13th June.
06. This building was built ……………the 18th century.
07. They always arrive ……………8.30 am.
08. I met him ……………Monday.
09. He got training ……………14th September.
10. She will arrive ……………Sunday.
11. India is playing against Sri Lanka ……………27th August.
12. This examination will start ……………9.30 am.
13. I attended the meeting ……………20 minutes.
14. We will meet again ……………the 3rd of March.
15. I will appear on TV ……………13.30 hrs ……………10 minutes.
16. Assemble in front of the auditorium ……………5 p.m.
17. The evening show begins ……………6 p.m.
18. I have been listening to it ……………Sundays.
19. I’ve planned to go for driving class ……………the evening.
20. We got our independence ……………the night.

37
Reading
Read the following story carefully and mention whether the statements given in the
following page are ‘true’ or ‘false’. Also practise the passage reading aloud.
The Ignorant Boy
A little boy heard that whatever we ask of God would be given to us. Keeping this
in mind, when the boy’s family was in great distress, he wrote a letter simply addressed
“To God”, asking if He could send Rs.100 per month to meet h is expenses for his
studies. He wrote clearly that his father was out of work and his mother was ill. The
postmaster of the local post office opened the letter and read it. He concernedly
recommended his case to the local Rotary Club. After proper verification of the boy’s
financial status, the officials of the Rotary Club decided to send by money order Rs.50
every month. After a few months the postmaster received another letter from the boy
addressed “To God”. He opened it and it read “Dear God, thank you for the money you
have been sending, but next time onwards, kindly deal directly because the postmaster
takes half of the amount as his commission.

State True (√) or False (X) or Not Given (N)

The boy
1. was an orphan. ( )
2. was greedy. ( )
3. knew many languages. ( )
4. asked money to the postman. ( )
5. received Rs.100 every two months. ( )
6. was ignorant. ( )
7. misunderstood the importance of prayer. ( )
8. hurt the feelings of the postman. ( )
9. received money from God. ( )
10. thought that the postman was a cheat. ( )
11. Was a kind person. ( )
12. Was a fraud. ( )
13. Requested God to help the boy. ( )
14. Was an old man. ( )
15. Used to read others letters. ( )
16. Lied to the boy. ( )
17. Enjoyed his profession. ( )
18. Offered monetary assistance. ( )
19. Was touched by the boy’s story. ( )
20. Stopped the fund given to the boy. ( )
Listening
Watch the video clipping and answer the questions.
Speaking
Activity 1
Practise the following tongue twisters with the help of your teacher.
Zebra zig and zebra zag.
Red lorry, yellow lorry
Activity 2
Speak for a minute about the person whom you like most.

38
 UNIT-8 HEALTH
Vocabulary
Activity I: Solve the given crossword puzzle on words related to health.

39
 Across

3. to lose blood (5)

5. to experience something
physical or emotional (4)
7. to damage a muscle or similar
soft part of the body caused by
using that part too much (6)
8. to cut a body open for medical
reasons (7)
9. to use drugs, exercises, etc. to
cure a person of a disease or
heal an injury (5)
13. to produce liquid through your
skin because you are hot or
nervous (5)
14. to fall down because of illness
or weakness (8)
15. to feel pain in a part of your
body (4)
16. to make air come out of your
throat with a short sound (5)
Down
1. to hurt or cause physical harm to a person (6)
2. to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down (5)
3. to cause something to be hurt by heat (4)
4. to swallow or use a medicine or drug (4)
6. to take care of someone or something (4-5)
10. to rub your skin with your nails (7)
11. to have or cause an uncomfortable feeling on the skin (4)
12. (an illness) to become more serious (7)
14. to get an illness, especially one caused by bacteria or a virus (5)
Activity II: Form the antonym of the following by choosing the right prefix from
the box given below
un, in, mal, ir, de,
1. hydration _________________ 6. healthy _________________
2. curable _________________ 7. hygienic _________________
3. discipline _________________ 8. tolerable _________________
4. conscious _________________ 9. nutrition _________________
5. addiction _________________ 10.resistance _________________

Activity III: Unscramble the words in bold letters to get the one word substitute for
the following.
1. A condition in which things are not in their expected places isdrodre _________________.
2. Breaking of hard tissue such as bone arfturec ___________________.
3. Causing or capable of causing damage armfulh ___________________.
4. The condition in which an organism can resist disease unimmity _________________.
5. The invasion of the body by microorganisms tioninfec __________________.
6. The condition of being excessively overweight sityobe ____________________.
7. A retail shop where medicine and other articles are sold acymphar _________________.
8. A single complete act of breathing in and out tionrespira ________________.
9. An emotional wound or shock having long-lasting effects taurma ____________________.
10. Taking a substance, usually by injection, against a disease accivtionna _______________.

40
Writing
Activity I : Frame sentences using the unscrambled words in Activity III under
vocabulary.
1. ____________________________________________________________________.
2. ____________________________________________________________________.
3. ____________________________________________________________________.
4. ____________________________________________________________________.
5. ____________________________________________________________________.
6. ____________________________________________________________________.
7. ____________________________________________________________________.
8. ____________________________________________________________________.
9. ____________________________________________________________________.

10. ____________________________________________________________________.

Activity II: Match the following to get some of the commonly used proverbs on
health and write them below in the space given.

1. Prevention is to improve your looks.

2. A stitch in time
above wealth.
3. You are
4. A smile is an inexpensive way makes one weak.
5. An apple a day not live to eat.
6. The less you eat
7. Health is valued better than cure.
8. Seven days without exercise saves nine.
9. Eat to live
10. Good health is what you eat.
he longer you live.
till sickness comes.
keeps the doctor away.
1. _________________________________________________________________.
2. _________________________________________________________________.
3. _________________________________________________________________.
4. _________________________________________________________________.
5. _________________________________________________________________.
6. _________________________________________________________________.
7. _________________________________________________________________.
8. _________________________________________________________________.
9. _________________________________________________________________.
10. _________________________________________________________________.

Activity III: Rearrange the words to make complete sentences.

1. too / feel / I / today / hot _______________________________________
2. I / a / caught / when / was / on / disease / holiday / I ____________________________
3. hurt / eyes / really / my / much / if / I / computer / use / too / the________________
4. nurses / the / in / will / look / hospital / after / you / the _________________________
5. this / three / a / medicine / take / day / times __________________________________
6. bleeding / bandage / with / stop / the / try / to / a ________________________________
41
7. oven / hot / careful / don’t / on / burn / yourself / the / you / be__________________
8. because / all / coughed / day / I / cold / had / a / I _______________________________
9. my / playing / I / injured / football / leg/ while _________________________________
10. hat / head / my / this / itch / makes / _______________________________________

Activity IV: Usage of BE verbs Learn about the verb "BE"

Be (am, is, are)
In the present, be changes to am, is or are:
I am happy.
He is happy.
They are happy.
We use the verb BE with adjectives and nouns:
I am a teacher (be + noun)
I am hungry. (be + adjective)
When we speak or write informally, we use contractions. This means
that am, is and are change to 'm, 's and 're.
I am happy. => I’m happy.
He is tired. => He ‘s tired.
They are late. => They’re late.
Positive sentences, negative sentences and questions are made as follows:
Positive: You are late.
Negative: You aren't late.
Question: Are you late?
Be (was, were)
In the past, BE changes to was or were.
He was tired.
They were late.

Positive Negative Question Positive Negative Question

I am I'm not Am I ...? I was I wasn't Was I...?
You are You aren't Are you ...? You were You weren't Were you...?
He is He isn't Is he ...? He was He wasn't Was he...?
She is She isn't Is she ...? She was She wasn't Was she...?
It is It isn't Is it ...? It was It wasn't Was it...?
We are We aren't Are we ...? We were We weren't Were we...?
They are They aren't Are they ...? They were They weren't Were they...?

Remember We also use am/is/are to make the present

continuous. We also use was/were to make
the past continuous

Eg I am learning English now. (Present continuous)

The baby was crying throughout last night. (Past continuous)

Activity III: Fill in the blanks with am, is are

42
My name (be) ________(1) John. I (be) ________(2) fifteen years old. I live on a farm. It (be)
________(3) in the village. It is quiet in the village. It (be, not) ________(4) loud there. I
wake up early. Sometimes, I wake up before the sun rises. Sometimes, it (be) ________(5)
still dark when I wake up. But I don’t mind. I like waking up that early. I like the way the
village looks in the morning. The first thing I do after I wake up is milk the cow. After it
(be) ________(6) finished, I bring the milk to my mom. I think she uses it to make
breakfast. She makes a delicious breakfast. My mom (be) ________(7) a really good cook.
Next, I feed the pigs. Once, I asked my mom how come my little sister doesn’t feed them.
She said it is because my sister (be, not) ________(8) strong enough. But I still don’t
understand. She ____________(9)is almost as strong as me! I guess my mom doesn’t want
my sister to get hurt. The last thing I do, (be) ________(10)to feed the chickens. That (be)
________(11) easy. I just throw some food down on the ground and they run out and eat
it. While the chickens (be) ________(12) eating, I go into their house to collect their eggs.
Chicken eggs (be) ________(13) really good to eat. They (be) ________(14) easy to cook too.
That is what I do in the mornings. I (be) ________(15) pretty busy.

Fill in the blanks with was, were.

1. I ___________ sleeping when the telephone rang.
2. The children _________ playing video games, when the mother ______ out.
3. All through yesterday she _____________ working in the garden.
4. My sister ______ very young when she got married.
5. They ______ late yesterday for the college.

Reading
Activity I: Give a silent as well as loud reading of the following story. Get the help of
your teacher while reading.
Once upon a time, there lived a generous and kind-hearted king. But the people
weren’t happy with their king because the king was very lazy and would not do anything
other than eating and sleeping.
He spent days and weeks and months in his bed either eating something or
sleeping. The king became a potato couch and the people started to worry about the
king.
One day, the king realized that he couldn’t even move his body, not even his foot.
He became very fat and his enemies made fun of him, calling him ‘fatty king’, ‘bulky king’
etc.
The king invited expert doctors from various parts of his country and offered them
generous rewards to make him fit. Unfortunately, none could help the king gain his
health and fitness. The king spent enormous amounts of money but everything went in
vain.
One fine morning, a holy man visited the country. He heard about the ill-health of
the king, and informed the minister at the palace that he could easily cure the king.
Hearing these promising words, the minister became very happy. He requested the king
to meet the holy man to get rid of his problem.
43
 The holy man resided at a distant place. Since the king could not move his body, he
asked the minister to bring the holy man to the palace, but the holy man refused. He said
that the king had to go to him, in order to get cured.
After strenuous efforts, the king met the holy man at the latter’s residence. The holy
man complimented the king saying that he was a good ruler, and said that he would soon
regain his health. He asked the king to come for treatment the next day. He told the king also
that the king would be treated only if he came on foot to the holy man’s residence.
The King was unable to walk even a few steps on the road, but aided by his
followers, he reached the holy man’s place. Unfortunately, the holy man was not
available there and his devotee requested the king to come and meet him the next day
for treatment. This was repeated for two weeks and the king never met the holy man,
and never had any treatment.
Gradually, the king realized that he felt a lot lighter, lost a considerable amount of
weight and felt more active than before. He realized the reason why the holy man asked
him to reach his place by walking. Very soon, the king regained his health, and the
people were very happy in his kingdom.

Activity II : Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Rahul has been a drug addict since he was a teenager. He has tried to kick the
habit many times; going in and out of rehabilitation centers. He managed to stay clean
for a month before suffering a relapse. There are many drug addicts like Rahul. Why
are they into it in the first place? It doesn't matter if you are white or black or Asian or
African, every race has their share of drug abuse problems.
Some people say that it is due to the perception of drugs being "bad and illegal"
and therefore something so irresistible that you just have to try it. Somehow, teenagers
are more curious to discover the "forbidden fruit". Some manage to kick the habit early
but there are many others who are trapped.
For many teenagers, drug abuse is a mere escape. They use drugs to get out of
their misery, pain, confusion and loneliness. Some teenage drug addicts grow up without
guidance from their parents, and so they resort to drugs. Some are physically or mentally
abused and drugs become the only thing that they are able to count on. Many succumb to
drug addiction because of the need to feel like they belong. They try drugs to please their
friends or to be part of a group. Many teenage drug abusers are also low achievers in
schools and have low self-esteem.
There are also teenagers who claim that they were first exposed to different kinds
of drugs at parties and discos. These drugs were distributed freely the first few times and
they kept coming back for more. As a result, many of them became addicted even before
they knew it. In certain cases, these teenagers might resort to committing crimes to
support their expensive habit.
One effective tool in the fight against teen drug abuse is communication. Troubled
teens need some form of outlet from the problems or depression they are facing. Parents
should take time out from their busy schedules to spend time with their children and
listen to their problems. Communication, however, should go beyond words. Parents
should show their children that they really care. Adequate parental supervision has also
been found to be a deterrent to drug use in youth. Parents should know who their
children's friends are and what is going on in their social lives. School counselors should
also play an active role in providing information on drug abuse and also provide
emotional support.
One common belief is that drug abusers should be able to stop taking drugs if
only they are willing to change their behavior. However, drug addiction is a disease that
affects the brain and because of that, stopping drug abuse is not simply a matter of
willpower. Drug abuse can affect a person's self-control and ability to make sound
44
decisions, and at the same time send intense impulses to take drugs. Through scientific
advances, we now know that the abuse of drugs leads to changes in the structure and
function of the brain and at the same time, we also know that drug addiction can be
successfully treated to help people get over their addiction and resume productive lives.
The best way to prevent drug addiction is by educating teenagers about it. The
more they learn about the bad effects, the less their excuses to take it. This may even
dissuade them from using it.
1. How did Rahul try to get rid of his addiction to drugs?

2. What makes taking drug irresistible?

3. What is the claim of the teenagers with regard to drug addiction?

4. How do some teenagers meet the expensive habit?

5. What is the role of parents in preventing their children from drug abuse?

6. Why do some youth see drug abuse as a means of escape?

7. How can drug addiction affect the brain?

8. Find the synonyms for the words costly and discourage from the passage

9. What Biblical reference does the phrase ‘forbidden fruit’ have?

10. According to the author how can the youth be dissuaded from taking drugs?

Speaking

Activity I Practise the following tongue twisters with the help of your teacher

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise

I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shine shop.

Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?

Activity II Turn Coat

The students can try speaking for and against the following topics for two minutes:

1. Self medication
2. Fast food.
3. Vegetarian food

45
 UNIT–9: JOURNEY

Vocabulary
Activity 1
Circle the words related to the topic journey in the grid. The list is given below.
L U G G A G E V L A N G I S D
I X D N R Y X A M I L E A G E
C Y E I R A C C A B O A R D P
E A S E I N U A Y D A O R B A
N W T E V O R T A Z E T U O R
C B I S A I S I W T E K C I T
E U N T L T I O H R T R I P U
T S A H A A O N G A X L I A R
R U T G N D N Y I V O Y A G E
A N I I D O Z X H E S I U R C
F I O S I M O T E L H S A R I
F M N U N O D O F O R E I G N
I R Y B G C A U G N I P M A C
C E K I B C O R P L A N E Y I
T A X I Z A R E G N A S S A P

1. abroad 15. excursion 29. road

2. accommodation 16. foreign 30. route
3. airport 17. highway 31. sight seeing
4. arrival 18. landing 32. signal
5. bike 19. license 33. subway
6. board 20. luggage 34. taxi
7. boat 21. mileage 35. terminus
8. bus 22. motel 36. ticket
9. cab 23. passanger 37. tour
10. camping 24. passport 38. traffic
11. car 25. picnic 39. travel
12. cruise 26. plane 40. trip
13. departure 27. rail 41. vacation
14. destination 28. rash 42. voyage

Activity 2
Fill in the blanks with words given within brackets.
1. Can you carry the _______ upstairs?
2. My plane ________ in three hours! I have to catch a taxi to the _____.
3. Can you pick me up at tomorrow? My flight _____ at 7’O clock.
4. The __________ will take four weeks and we'll visit four countries.
5. Make sure to get into the left _______ when you want to pass.
6. ___________ a motorcycle can be fun and exciting
7. Let me ________ my suitcase and then we can go swimming.
8. I like travelling by ________. It's a very relaxing way to travel.
9. Peter went on a ________ of vineyard.
10.I'd love to take a nice long _______ on the beach.
(journey, lands, riding, bicycle, lane, takes off,
vacation, unpack, luggage, tour, train)

Activity 3

46
Try to coin as many words as possible from the word given below:

E X C U R S I O N

47
1. 6._______________ 11. ________________ 16.________________
_______________
_
2. 7.________________ 12.________________ 17.________________
_______________
_
3. 8.________________ 13. ________________ 18.________________
_______________
4. 9.________________ 14. ________________ 19.________________
_______________ _
_
5. 10._______________ 15.________________ 20_________________
_______________ _ _
_

Activity 4

Match the description with its words in the space given.

1. Pilgrimage a required trip to Mecca undertaken by Muslims

2. Trek to take a trip or migrate, with a connotation of length and
difficulty
3. Sail a journey to a sacred place or to a location that has
significant personal meaning
4. Migration a trip, often involving multiple travelers and complicated
preparations, often of an official or ceremonial nature
5. Safari a trip to another location, either to settle or, for animals, to
avoid a period of adverse weather conditions
6. Hajj a trip undertaken to observe phenomena and/or record
data
7. Commute from a Swahili word for “journey,” taken from Arabic;
connotes a hunting trip, especially in Africa, though in
many present-day safaris, the shooting is done with
cameras, not guns
8. Errand a trip on a sailboat or sailing ship
9. Flight a regular trip taken back and forth, especially from home
to work and back
10. Survey a trip undertaken by air
11. Procession a usually short trip to conduct business for oneself or
another; earlier, meant a diplomatic mission

48
Writing
Activity 1
“Wh” questions
Question words
Question words are also called wh questions because they
include the letters 'W' and 'H'.
Question Examples
Meaning
words
who person Who's that? That's Geetha.
where place Where do you live? In Madurai
reason Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get up
why
early
when time When do you go to work? At 7:00
how manner How do you go? By car
what object, idea or action What do you do? I am an engineer
which choice Which one do you prefer? The red one.
whose possession Whose is this book? It's Rajiv's.
whom object of the verb Whom did you meet? I met the manager.
what kind description What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs
what time time What time did you come home?
how many quantity (countable) How many students are there? There are twenty.
amount, price How much time have we got? Ten minutes
how much
(uncountable)
duration, length How long did you stay in that hotel? For two
how long
weeks.
how often frequency How often do you go to the gym? Twice a week.
how far distance How far is your school? It's one mile far.
how old age How old are you? I am 16.
how come reason How come I didn't see you at the party?

Tips to Remember while asking questions

 If you ask about the subject of the sentence, simply add the question word at the
beginning:
Eg. Jamses writes good poems. — Who writes good poems?
 If there is a helping verb that precedes the main verb (for example: can, is, are,
was, were, will, would...), add the question word and invert the subject and the
helping verb.
Eg. He can speak Chinese. — What can he speak?
They are leaving tonight. — When are they leaving?
 If the sentence has verbs am, is, are, was and were, simply add the question
word and invert the subject and the verb.
Eg. John is from Bangalore. — Where is John from?
 If there are action verbs, add the helping verb "do" in the correct form.
do I, we, you, play
they
49 does He, she, it play
did I, we, you, play
they
he, she, it
Eg. They go to the movies every Saturday. — Where do they go every Saturday?
He wakes up early. — When does he wake up?
They sent a letter. — What did they send?
Exercise 1.
Fill in the blanks with the correct ‘wh’ word for the underlined words.
1. __________ did the teacher help Rani with her homework? yesterday.
2. __________ are we going? Nilgris
3. __________ bought a new car last week?. Arun
4. __________ haven’t I seen Jack? for ages.
5. __________ can my brother sing? very well
7. __________ did she went to her native village? last summer.
8. __________ finally came? The police
9. __________ did her mother bring her some tea? because she was ill.
10. _________ did the accident happen? 11 o’clock on Friday.
11. _________ did the parcel come from? Salem.
12. _________ did the cats belong to? me.
13. _________ is very friendly? The teacher.
14. _________ does he water his plants? once a week
15. _________ has she been studying here? Since June 2017.

Exercise 2.
Ask questions with each of the question words!
1. We went home quickly in the evening. (how, where, when)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Peter watched his friend closely (whom, how)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Jenny told us a long story yesterday (who, what, when)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

4. All the pupils behave well in class.(who, where)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

5. Grandmother will call us early in the morning (who, when)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2
Yes / No Questions
Read the following and convert the sentences given in the next page into questions.
The following tells you how to frame questions for which the response will be either
‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
Eg. : 1. She is studying English.
2. Is she studying English?
50
The two sentences given above consist of 4 words each. However, the order of the
first two words differs, that is, ‘He is’ in the first sentence becomes ‘Is he’ in the
second sentence. In addition, the first one ends with a full stop (.), whereas, the
second ends with a question mark (?).
It is easy to convert a statement into a question by bringing the helping verb to the
first position, followed by the subject.

The following is the order you have to bear in your mind:

He can study English

Can he study English?

Helping Verb1 + Subject2 + Verb3 + Object4

Helping verbs List

am, is, are, was, were.
does, do, did.
has, have, had.
will, would, shall, should, may, might,
can, could.

Convert the following sentences into a question

He is enjoying his life.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
She was playing with her child.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
It is an excellent chair.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
We are learning a useful grammar item.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
You were watching news on NDTV.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
They can complete the task.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
All are enjoying the trip.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
Complete the conversation.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
Yes, I am. (practising Standard English).

………………………………………………………………………………………..
Yes, he will. (take rest after a while).

………………………………………………………………………………………..
Yes, they are. (discussing the issue).
51
Reading
Activity 1

During a fierce battle between two countries, a soldier called John saw his lifelong
friend Sam fall prey to the enemies’ gunfire. As they reached their camp, John
asked his officer to allow him to bring his fallen friend back. The officer said that he
could go but he wouldn’t be able to save his friend’s life since he was fatally
wounded. Everyone in the camp knew that Sam would probably be dead. Moreover,
trying to rescue the friend would end up killing John as well. Nevertheless, John
decided to risk his life to bring his best friend back. After much difficulty, he
managed to find his friend and carried him back to the camp. As the two entered
the camp, Sam fell dead. The officer checked the wounded friend and said to John,
“I told that it would be a waste trying to save your friend. Now, your friend is dead,
and you are severely wounded.”

“That’s okay, sir. But risking my life was not a waste because when I found him, he
was alive, and I had the satisfaction of hearing him say, ‘John, I knew you would
come.”

Supply questions

………………………………………………………………………………..
Yes, they were thick friends.
………………………………………………………………………………..
Yes, they had been friends for a long time.
………………………………………………………………………………..
No, Sam was not wounded during a trip.
………………………………………………………………………………..
Yes, he was wounded during a battle.
………………………………………………………………………………..
Yes, John risked his life.
Fill in and supply questions

………………………………………………………………………………..
Yes, he ____________________ back to rescue his friend.

………………………………………………………………………………..
No, it ____________________ easy to bring his friend back.

………………………………………………………………………………..
No, he couldn’t ____________________ Sam’s life.

………………………………………………………………………………..

52
Yes, John was severely ____________________

………………………………………………………………………………..
No, John ____________________ regret risking his life.

Speaking

Activity 1

Speak for a few minutes on the trip that you undertook recently. Use the
vocabulary from the grid.

Activity 2

Practise the following tongue twisters with the help of your teacher.
i) The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne
throughout Thursday.

ii) One-one was a race horse.

Two-two was one too.

One-one won one race.

Two-two won one too.

53
 Appendix - 1

Verbs to Remember

Past Present
S. No Present Past
Participle Participle
1.
beat beat beaten beating
2.
bring brought brought bringing
3.
buy bought bought buying
4.
come came come coming
5.
dig dug dug digging
6.
draw drew drawn drawing
7.
drive drove drive driving
8.
drink drank drunk drinking
9.
eat ate eaten eating
10.
fall fell fallen falling
11.
find found found finding
12.
fight fought fought fighting
13.
forget forgot forgotten forgetting
14.
forgive forgave forgiven forgiving
15.
get got got getting
16.
give gave given giving
17.
go went gone going
18.
hear heard heard hearing
19.
hide hid hidden hiding
20.
hit hit hit hitting
21.
know knew known knowing
22.
learn learnt learnt learning
23.
leave left left leaving

54
24.
lie lay lain lying
25.
make made made making
26.
meet met met meeting
27.
read read read reading
28.
ride rode rode riding
29.
ring rang rung ringing
30.
run ran run running
31.
sell sold sold selling
32.
send sent sent sending
33.
sing sang sung singing
34.
sit sat sat sitting
35.
sleep slept slept sleeping
36.
speak spoke spoken speaking
37.
spend spent spent spending
38.
stand stood stood standing
39.
swim swam swum swimming
40.
take took taken taking
41.
teach taught taught teaching
42.
tear tore torn tearing
43.
tell told told telling
44.
think thought thought thinking
45.
throw threw thrown throwing
46.
wake woke waken waking
47.
wear wore worn wearing
48.
win won won winning
49.
write wrote written writing

55
50.
build built built building

56
 Appendix-2
Words Often Mispronounced

absolutely (AB so lute lee) absurd (ab SERD)

accept (ak SEPT) accessories (ak SESS o reez)

address (a DRESS; both noun and verb) admirable (AD ma rabl)

adult (a DULT; NOT ADD ult) defect (DE fekt)

deficit (DEF i sit) demonstrable (de MON strabl)

depot (DEE po) depths (pronounce the th)

dessert (de ZERT) diamond (DY a mund)

distribute (dis TRIB yute) elm (as written; NOT el um)

envelop (verb: en VELL up) envelope (noun: EN va lope)

etiquette (ETT i kett) every (EV a ree)

exquisite (eks KWI zit) extant (EKS tent)

extraordinary (eks TROR) judiciary (joo DISH a ree)

just (as written; NOT jest) knew (nyu)

large (larg; no d sound) library (LI bra ree)NOT l

memorable (MEM uh ra bl) mischievous (MISS cha vuss)

municipal (myu NISS i pul) museum (myu ZEE um)

picture (PIK tyur) plumber (PLUM er)

positively (POZ it tiv lee) possess (po ZESS)

preface (PREF iss) preferable (PREF er a bl)

prescription (pre SCRIP shun) presentation (prez en TAY shun)

beneficent (be NEFF i sent) bicycle (BY sik il)

breadth (bredth; pronounce the d) casualty (CAZH ul tee)

simultaneous (sy mul TAY nee uss) sphere (sfeer)

subtle (SUT tl) vehicle (VEE ih kel)

comment (COM ment) concentrate (CON sen trayt)

Appendix-3

Word Often Misspelled

57
 acquire address already answer anxious

athletics attendance awful awkward believe

breathe describe diarrhoea forty fulfill

government maintenance hygiene mathematics million

miscellaneous mischief necessary neighbour often

nuisance occasion restaurant reverence receipt

request separate several similar sincerely

succeed surprise temperature temporary conscience

interesting usually receive vegetable definite

judgment secretary dependent library literature

Idioms with examples Appendix-4

1 Idiom Whole bag of tricks
Meaning Means trying all the clever means to achieve something.
Example It was really difficult to find the information even after applying the whole bag of tricks.
2 Idiom Deliver the goods

58
 Meaning Do what is expected or promised.
Example I have given my car to a new mechanic for repair, hope he delivers the goods.
3. Idiom Explore all avenues
Meaning Trying out every possibility to get a result.
Example It is a difficult thing to do but if we really want it done, we must explore all avenues.
4. Idiom Keep your fingers on the pulse
Meaning Being constantly aware of the most recent developments.
Example An entrepreneur must keep his fingers on the pulse of the market to be successful.
5. Idiom Mean business
Meaning Being serious about what you announce.
Example Now that all our policies about work are put up on intranet, we mean business.
6. Idiom Tricks of the trade
Meaning Clever or expert way of doing something.
Example Being into the construction business for last 10 years, I know all tricks of the trade.
7. Idiom Not let grass grow under feet
Meaning Don't delay in getting something done.
Example As soon as he finished all the registration formalities, he put the house on sale. He doesn't
let the grass grow under his feet.
8. Idiom Dead wood
Meaning People or things which are no longer useful or necessary.
Example The Company bought in a lot of new computers. They no longer want the dead woods.
9. Idiom Get the axe
Meaning lose the job.
Example The projects team was undergoing a major restructuring, recruitment executives were the first to get t
he axe.
10. Idiom Get a grip on yourself
Meaning Controlling your feelings to deal with a situation.
Example Reema saw her jewelry and cash missing from the almirah. After the initial shock, she got a grip
on herself and called up the police.
11. Idiom Going places
Meaning Exhibiting talent and ability that will lead to a successful future.
Example Rakesh was a performer at the school sports club. It was obvious that he was going places.
12. Idiom Have one's heart set on
Meaning Possessing a determination to obtain something.
Example He has not become a renowned cardiologist just by chance. He has his heart set on it after his
father passed away with a cardiac arrest.
13. Idiom Make headway
Meaning Progress in what you are trying to achieve.
Example The police have made headway with their investigation in the terror attack on the city last
Friday.
14. Idiom Stand one's ground
Meaning Maintaining your position.
Example He stood his ground in support of his friend in spite of several family interferences.
15. Idiom Fish out of water
Meaning Feeling uncomfortable in unfamiliar surroundings.
Example Being French, I felt like a fish out of water in the group of Japanese.

59