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Basics of Compter Systems

The document discusses the key components of a computer system. It describes the motherboard as the main circuit board that connects central components like the CPU, RAM, and expansion slots. Other components discussed include the processor, memory, expansion cards, ports, buses, power supply, and cooling systems. The processor is the central processing unit that interprets instructions to control the computer. Memory temporarily stores operating systems, applications and data. Expansion slots hold adapter cards to enhance functions and connect peripherals. Ports and connectors allow attachment of external devices using standards like USB, FireWire, and Bluetooth.

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Yogesh Kute
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64 views23 pages

Basics of Compter Systems

The document discusses the key components of a computer system. It describes the motherboard as the main circuit board that connects central components like the CPU, RAM, and expansion slots. Other components discussed include the processor, memory, expansion cards, ports, buses, power supply, and cooling systems. The processor is the central processing unit that interprets instructions to control the computer. Memory temporarily stores operating systems, applications and data. Expansion slots hold adapter cards to enhance functions and connect peripherals. Ports and connectors allow attachment of external devices using standards like USB, FireWire, and Bluetooth.

Uploaded by

Yogesh Kute
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Component of

Computer System
 Motherboard
 Processor
 Processor cooling
 Memory
Component  Expansion slots & Adapter
of Computer Cards
System  Ports & Connector
 Buses
 Addon cards
 Power Supply
 The mother board is main component
 Is a large board with integrated circuitry
that connects the various parts of
computer as a CPU, RAM, Disk
Drives(CD , DVD, HARD disk,)

 Main component directly attached to the


motherboard include
Motherboard
 CPU
 Chip Set
 RAM
 BIOS
 Internal bus
 In Northbridge/Southbridge chipset
architecture designs,
 the Southbridge is the chip that controls
all of the computers I/O functions, such as
USB, audio, serial, the system BIOS, the
Northbridge ISA bus, the interrupt controller and the
& IDE channels.

Southbridge  In other words, all of the functions of a


processor except memory, PCI and AGP.
 Northbridge is the chip or chips that
connect a CPU to memory,
the PCI bus, and AGP activities.
 Called as microprocessor
 Processor is a CPU of computer
 CPU interprets & carries out the
instruction for operating the
computer as a device
 On personal computer, all
Processor functions of processor usually on
a single chip.
 Processor contain a CU & ALU.
These two component work
together to perform processing
operation.
 A multi-core processor is a
single chip with two or mare
separate processor core
 A dual-core processor is a chip
Multi-core that contains two separate
processor cores
processor
 A quad-core processor is a chip
that contains four separate
processor cores
 A processor contains small,
high –speed storage location
called registers
 These registers temporarily
Registers hold data and instructions.
 Registers are the part of
processor, not part of memory
or permanent storage device.
 A CPU cooler is device
designed to draw heat away
from the system CPU and other
components in the enclosure.
 Using a CPU cooler to
lower CPU temperatures
Processor improves efficiency and stability
Cooling of the system. Adding
a cooling device, however, can
increase the overall noise level
of the system
 A heat sink is small ceramic or metal
component with fins on it surface that
absorb & disperses heat produced by
electrical component.
 Because of heat sink consume extra
space, a smaller device called heat pipe
Processor cools processor in notebook computers

Cooling
 Memory is used to store
information
 Memory consist of electronic
components that stores
Memory information in binary form.
 Memory stores three basic categories
of item
1. Operating system & other software
that control or maintain the
computer & its devices

Memory 2. Application program that carried out


specific task
3. Data being processed by the
application program & result
information
 The size of the memory & storage
devices is always mention in terms of
the number of bytes the chip or device
can store .
 1 bit (binary digit*) = the value of 0 or 1.
 8 bits = 1 byte.
Memory
 1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte.
Size
 1024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte.(approx 1
million)
 1024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte(approx 1
billion).
 1024 gigabytes = 1 terabyte(approx 1
trillion ).
 Complementary metal–oxide–
semiconductor.
 Some memory chips uses
CMOS technology because it
provides high speed and
CMOS consume little power.
 CMOS technology uses battery
power to retain information
even when the power to the
computer off.
 An expansion slot is a socket on the
motherboard that can hold adapter
card
 An adapter card / expansion card, is a
circuit board that is to enhance some
Expansion functions of a system component and/
slots & or provide connections to peripherals.

Adapter  Adapter card is bridge between CPU


& the peripherals used to connect or
Cards enhance the peripheral performance
 Examples Sound card, Video card
 Sometime these are called jacks
 A port is the point at which peripherals
attach to or communicates with system
unit so that peripherals can send data
to or receive from the computer

Ports &
Connector
 A connector joins the cable to a port
 A connector at the one end of the cable
attaches to attaches to a port on the
system unit, and the other end of the
cable attaches to a port on the peripheral
Connector  Most of connector or Ports are available
in two forms
 Female connector or port- matching
holes
 male connector or port- exposed pin
 Universal serial bus (USB) port
 Devices that connect to a USB port
include mouse, printer, media player,
smart phone etc.

USB Ports
 Firewire also called IEEE 1394
 is another popular connector for adding
peripherals to your computer.

 Firewire is most often used to connect


digital camcorders, external hard drives,
and other devices that can benefit from the

Fire Wire high transfer rates (up to 480 Mbps)


supported by the Fire wire connection.

Ports
 Bluetooth Port:-
 Bluetooth uses short
range radio frequencies to transmit
information from fixed and mobile devices.
 These devices must be within the range of
33 feet, or 10 meters for Bluetooth to
Others effectively work.
ports  SCSI Port:-Small Computer System
Interface
 is allow PCs to communicate
with peripheral hardware such as disk
drives, tape drives, CD-
ROM drives, printers and scanners faster
 eSATA Port:-External Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment
 Allow to connect external hard disk to
Others computer
ports
Thank You

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