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1. The document defines the derivative of a function f at a point a and provides properties of the derivative, including: - If f is differentiable at a, then f is continuous at a (Theorem 1). - Common properties like the derivative of cf, f + g, f*g, and f/g (Theorem 2). - The chain rule for the derivative of composite functions (Theorem 3). 2. It provides 10 problems to prove various properties about derivatives, such as the power rule and differentiability of polynomials.

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Peter Hua
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46 views

Work Sheet

1. The document defines the derivative of a function f at a point a and provides properties of the derivative, including: - If f is differentiable at a, then f is continuous at a (Theorem 1). - Common properties like the derivative of cf, f + g, f*g, and f/g (Theorem 2). - The chain rule for the derivative of composite functions (Theorem 3). 2. It provides 10 problems to prove various properties about derivatives, such as the power rule and differentiability of polynomials.

Uploaded by

Peter Hua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math 140B #7

§28 Basic Properties of the Derivative


Denition. Let f be a real-valued function dened on an open interval containing the point a. we say that f is dierentiable
at a if
f (x)−f (a)
limx→a x−a
exists and is nite. If this limit exists and is nite, we will write f 0 (a) for the derivative of f at a :
f (x)−f (a)
f 0 (a) = limx→a x−a

Theorem 1. (Dierentiable at a =⇒ Continuous at a) If f is dierentiable at a, then f is continuous at a.


Theorem 2. (Some familiar properties of the derivative) Let f and g be functions that are dierentiable at a. Each of the
functions cf (c a constant), f + g, f g, f /g are also dierentiable at a, except f /g if g (a) = 0. The formulas are given by
(i) 0
(cf ) (a) = cf 0 (a) ;
(ii) 0
(f + g) (a) = f 0 (a) + g 0 (a) ;
(iii) 0
(f g) (a) = f 0 (a) g (a) + f (a) g 0 (a) ;
 0
f f 0 (a) g (a) − g 0 (a) f (a)
(iv) (a) = 2 if g (a) 6= 0.
g (g (a))

Theorem 3. (Chain Rule) If f is dierentiable at a and g is dierentiable at f (a) , then the composite function g ◦ f is
dierentiable at a and
0
(g ◦ f ) (a) = g 0 (f (a)) f 0 (a) .

1) (a) (The Power Rule) Let n be an integer and dene f (x) = xn . Prove that f 0 (x) = nxn−1 .
(b) Conclude that any polynomial function is dierentiable on R.
(2) Suppose that f is dierentiable at a. Prove that
f (a+h)−f (a)
limh→0 h = f 0 (a) .

(3) Suppose that f is dierentiable at x0 . Then there is a function µ dened in an interval about 0 such that
f (x0 + h) − f (x0 ) = (f 0 (x0 ) + µ (h)) h.

Further, µ is continuous at 0 with µ (0) = 0.


(4) If f is dierentiable at a, prove that f is continuous at a.
(5) Let f be dened on the open interval (a, b) and suppose that for some x0 ∈ (a, b) we have f 0 (x0 ) > 0 or f 0 (x0 ) = ∞. Then
there is a neighborhood N (x0 ) ⊆ (a.b) such that for each x ∈ N (x0 ) we have f (x) > f (x0 ) if x > x0 , and f (x) < f (x0 ) if
x < x0 . [A similar result holds if f 0 (x0 ) < 0 or f 0 (x0 ) = −∞.
(6) Show that the function f (x) = x |x| is dierentiable for all x. What is the derivative?
(7) Let

x 2 x ∈ Q,
f (x) =
0 x ∈ R − Q.
Prove that f is dierentiable at 0.
(8) Let f : R → R be dened by

x 2 x ∈ Q,
f (x) =
x 3 x ∈ R − Q.
Determine whether f is dierentiable at 0.
(9) Let I ⊆ R be an open interval, let c ∈ I and let f : I → R be a function. Suppose that |f (x)| ≤ (x − c)2 for all x ∈ I . Prove
that f is dierentiable at c and f 0 (c) = 0.
(10) (a) If f is dierentiable, prove that
(i) f (x) even =⇒ f 0 (x) odd; (ii) f (x) odd =⇒ f 0 (x) even.
(b) If f is dierentiable and periodic, is f 0 (x) also periodic?
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