International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering

Volume 5, Issue 10, June-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY UNDER BRIDGE (RUB) BY

USING BOX PUSHING METHOD
M.A.Rahman1, G. Raju2
1
Associate Professor, 2Student of M.Tech,
Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Institutions, Hyderabad, Telengana.

ABSTRACT: The project entitled analysis and design and divisions, each having a divisional headquarters. There are a
execution of cross traffic works in railways using box total of sixty-eight divisions.
pushing technique (RUB), illustrates about the work to be
carried out for the widening of existing roads using box 1.2 Comparison with Other Conventional Methods
pushing techniques for rail under bridges. It also explains Box pushing technique is much better when compared with
about the methodology involved in execution of box the other conventional methods like open-cut systems, as the
pushing technique. The design will be carried out as per open-cut method requires excavation, digging, placing etc.,
Indian standards, particularly Indian railways standards, which causes inconvenience to the movement of vehicles and
IRC, IRS, and IS CODES. In which the design of major traffic problems., but whereas the box pushing technique
components thrust bed, precast box used for the widening does not make any disturbance to the existing traffic but also
are done as per IRS codes. The design of pre cast box is provides widening of existing road within a short period of
done using STAAD pro, it also includes the layout of time.
reinforcement details of two important structures used in
this method apart from conventional method i.e., thrust bed 1.3The Need of Box Pushing Technique
(main bed and auxiliary bed), pre cast box. In railways  Present day Intensity of Traffic, both Rail & Road
whenever there is a need to make a underpass ,either for due to the fast development, is very heavy it cannot
canal crossing, RUB’S(Rail under bridges), programme of the disturbed, for construction of under bridges or
widening existing railway culverts etc.BOX PUSHING Canal Crossings, drainage etc. by conventional i.e.
TECHNIQUE is used. Since the work has to be done open cut system.
without interruption to rail traffic, box pushing technique is  Box Pushing Technique is developed where in
largely favoured in comparison to conventional methods. R.C.C. Boxes in segments are cast outside and
Present day Intensity of Traffic, both Rail & Road due to pushed through the heavy embankments of Rail or
the fast development, is very heavy it cannot the disturbed, Road by Jacking.
for construction of under bridges or Canal Crossings,
drainage etc by conventional i.e. open cut system. Box 1.4 OBJECTIVES
Pushing Technique is developed where in R.C.C. Boxes in In the present dissertation work on ANALYSIS & DESIGN
segments are cast outside and pushed through the heavy OF BOX PUSHING TECHNIQUE. Analytical models of
embankments of Rail or Road by Jacking. BOX PUSHING TECHNIQUE are prepared and analyzed
Keywords: Cross Traffic Works, Box Pushing Technique, by using STAAD PRO software. In the current study, work
Rail Under Bridge (RUB),IRC,IRS, IS Codes. is carried-out on the methodology of the box pushing
technique, which provides widening of existing RUB at
I. INTRODUCTION Chicksugur, Raichur dist.
1.1 General
In railways whenever there is a need to make a underpass II. METHODOLOGY
,either for canal crossing, RUB’S(Rail under bridges), 2.1 General
programme of widening existing railway culverts etc..BOX  Excavation
PUSHING TECHNIQUE is used. Since the work has to be  Casting of Thrust Bed
done without interruption to rail traffic, box pushing  Fabrication of Front and Rear shield
technique is largely favored in comparison to conventional  Box Casting and placing
methods. Transportation is one of the main objects in the
 Pushing-shifting-pushing operation
infrastructure of a developing country like India. Most of the
 Miscellaneous works
Indian intra national transportation is done by railways.
 Precautions
Railways were first introduced to India in 1853
from Bombay to Thane. In 1951 the systems were
2.2 Box Pushing Operation
nationalized as one unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one
of the largest networks in the world. Comprising 115,000 km  To push precast box segment, reaction is obtained
(71,000 miles) of track over a route of 65,000 km from thrust bed. For this, screed is dismantled at pin
(40,000 miles) and 7,500 stations. Sixteen Zones in pocket location, pin pockets are cleaned, pins are
2003. Each zonal railway is made up of a certain number of inserted and Hydraulic Jacks- 8/10 nos. are installed

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 10, June-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

between pins and bottom slab of the box with Sakthinagar in Raichur –Karnataka district”, on either side of
packing plates and spacers. existing RUB with Box of size 7.5 x 5.5 mt at Railway Km
 A 20mm thick plate is provided, butting against 205/200-300
bottom slab of box, in front of the Jacks to avoid Phase –I
damage to concrete surface.
 Nail anchor plates are removed and earth is manually 3.1.1 Design Data
excavated in front of cutting edge in a way to get Rail level = 108.907
annular clear space of 300mm all-round. Formation level = 108.232
 Anchor plates are refixed in position and uniform Size of box (2) = 7.500x5.650
pressure is applied to the jacks through Power Pack. Top of bottom slab of box= 101.257
 After complete push (maximum 300mm) jacks are Top of box = 107.657
released, protruding nails are gas cut/driven and jacks Top of thrust bed (top of screed) = 100.507
again packed with packing plates and spacers. Earth cushion (from top of box) = 0.575
 Process is repeated till front box is pushed to required Thickness of top slab = 0.750
position. Thickness of bottom slab = 0.750
 Then 2nd box segment is slewed and brought in Thickness of wall: outer walls= 0.750
position behind 1st box segment. Out to out width of box = 9
Out to out height = 7.150
 8 nos. Jacks, each of 200 Tons capacity, are housed
Total pushing length = 22
between two box segments in addition to 8 nos. Jacks
No of segments = 2
already provided between thrust bed and 2nd box
Length of first and second segments = 11.00
segment.
Thickness of thrust bed = 0.750
 3 nos. Jacks, each of 100 Tons capacity, are provided
Concrete grade = M25
in 3 slots made in each sidewall to facilitate
Steel grade Fy = 500
correction of line and level of box during pushing.
Bulk density of soil = 2.10 t/mt3, taken on
 Earthwork is now done in front of 1st box segment
conservative
and it is pushed. Protruding nails are gas cut/driven
and anchor plates are refixed in position.
3.1.2 Dead Loads
 Thereafter, jacks housed between two box segments 3.1.2.1 Vertical Loads
are released and then 2nd box segment is pushed. As normally in railways, total weight of 6750kg/m including
 Process is repeated till both the box segments are track str.is to be taken
pushed to required position. Hence for total no of tracks =1x6750 =6750 kg/m
 Cutting Edge is dismantled & front face of 1st box Total weight of P.Way on top of box unit = 6750x11(length
segment is cast in plumb. of box unit) =74250 kgs =74.25T
3.1.2.2 Earth Filling Cushion
2.3 Stages in Execution of Work So total UDL on top of slab of box will be =1.208x9(o/o
1. Excavation for thrust bed and auxiliary bed. width) x11 = 119.54T
2. Concreting of thrust bed & pin pockets. Hence Total Weight at Top = 74.25+119.54
3. Casting of box segments. = 193.79 T
4. Protection of track & embankment. Load on Bottom Surface=load on top +self-weight of box
5. Arrangement of adequate capacity jacks with power Weight of Box =9.00X0.750X2X2.50 = 33.75
pack. Weight of Vertical Walls =5.650X1.50X1X2.5= 21.19
6. Pushing operation. Haunches =4.00X0.15X0.075X2.50 = 0.11
7. Construction of Wing wall/Toe wall/Return WALL Total Weight per Meter = 55.05
Weight of One Segment =55.05X11 = 605.5T
2.4 Major Components of Rub: Load on Bottom Surface =193.79+605.55 = 799.3 T
1. THRUST BED
2. PRECAST BOX 3.1.2.3 Earth Pressure
3. FRONT SHIELD From bottom of the box
4. REAR SHIELDS Soil parameters Ɵ = 28.00 δ = 9.33
5. PINS POCKECTS Active earth pressure co-efficient ka 0.3344
6. HYDRAULIC JACKS [B] EARTH PRESSURE [Ref: cl – 5.7 of IRS code for sub
str. & Foundation]
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS cos 2 (Ɵ − α)
3.1Analysis and Design of Thrust Bed 𝐾𝑎 = 2
sin ⁡Ɵ+δ −sin ⁡
(Ɵ+i)]
3.1.0 Introduction cos 2 α cos α + δ 1 +
cos α−δ −cos ⁡
(α−i)
This report contains design of Thrust Bed for precast RCC cos (Ɵ − α) = 0.7797
single box to be pushed inside the embankment for cos α + δ = 0.9868
“Proposed RUB, at Chicksukur Railway station, Near
sin⁡Ɵ + δ = 0.6064

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 10, June-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

sin⁡(Ɵ + i) = 0.4694 gap+0.7 thrust wall = 14.500 m

cos α − δ = 0.9868 LENGTH OF THRUST BED = 14.500 METERS
cos⁡(α − i) = 1.0000 WIDTH OF THRUST BED = 10.200 METERS
Ka=0.3344 No. OF POCKETS = 57.000 on Main th. Bed=42.00 + 15.00
Hence earth pressure at top of box =0.58x0.3344x2.10 on auxi. THB
=0.404 t/sq.mt SIZE OF POCKET:At Main th-b= 0.500 x 0.50 x = 0.14
Earth pressure at the bottom of box: ht =0.58+7.15 At Auxiliary th-bed = 0.500 x 0.50 x 0.55 = 0.14
=7.73 NO OF KEYS = 2.000 no’s
Earth pressure at bottom of the box =0.3344x2.10x7.73 3.1.3.2 Weight of Thrust Bed
= 5.43t/sq.mt Volume of concrete: Main bed=14.50 x 10.20 x 0.75 =11.93
Hence total earth pressure on wall =0.50(0.40+5.43) x7.150 Volume of concrete: Axui-bed =50mm screeding
= 20.840t/m =14.50 x10.20 x 0.05= 7.40
Hence total load on wall =20.840x11.00 Thrust wall: 1 = 1.20x 10.20 x0.70 = 8.57
= 229.24T Thrust wall: 2 =1.20x10.20x0.70= 8.57
3.1.2.4: Live Load Surcharge: Ref Design Of Box Para: 3.5 Keys = 2.00x10.20x0.36 = 7.34
For two tracks pressure at top = 1142.51 kg/sq.mt Less pockets =-57.00 x 0.14 = -7.84 = 26.39
For two tracks pressure at bottom = 675.29 kg/sq.mt Total weight of bed in T = 126.39 X 2.50 = 315.99
Hence total load = 0.50(1.14+0.68) x7.150 Resistance offered by bed =315.99 x 0.466 = 147.25
= 6.499 t/m Additional resistance required=804.12 – 147.25 = 656.87 T
Hence total load on wall = 6.499x11.00 This additional resistance will be available from thrust wall
= 71.49 T provided at rear of thrust be, the resistance available from
Live load for box: as at the time of pushing, there will not be keys is also calculated.
any train 3.1.3.3Passive Pressure on Thrust Wall
3.1.2.5Total Pressure on Box Segment Thrust wall at end has been provided Passive earth pressure
THE LOARDS BELOW ARE FOR 1 UNIT OF BOX. co-efficient for vertical face of wall:
On top surface =193.79 x 1.00 =193.79
On bottom surface =7.99.34 x 1.00 =799.34 Soil available at bottom of box is soft to Hard rock hence
On two walls=2.00x229.24x1.00 =458.47 take, soil property as below
Live load surcharge = 2.00x71.49x1.00 =142.97 Passive earth pressure co-efficient,
Live load of train: one train =1.00x 131.00x 1.00 Φ = 40.00, α = 13.33, i = 15.00
= 131.00
Total load of train = 193.79+799.34+458.47+142.97+131 cos 2 (Ɵ + α)
= 1725.58 𝐾𝑝 = 2
sin ⁡Ɵ+δ −sin ⁡
(Ɵ+i)]
Total force for box = 1725.58 x 1.00 =1725.58 cos 2 α cos α − δ 1 +
cos α−δ −cos ⁡
(α−i)
Taking angle for friction between soil and concrete = 25
Jacking force required to overcome friction as per soil
mechanics Cos(Ɵ) = 0.7660
Handbook = Tan (25) Cos(Ɵ + α) = 0.7660
Tan (25) = 0.466 Cos(α) = 1.0000
Hence total Jacking force required = 1725.58 x 0.466 Cos(α − δ) = 0.9730
= 804.12 Sin(Ɵ + δ) = 0.8021
As suchtwo boxes are to be provided, hence Sin(Ɵ) = 0.6428
Pushing force for which thrust-bed is to be designed Sin(Ɵ + i) = 0.8192
= 1.00 x 804.12 = 804.12 Cos(α - i = 0.9659
On thrust bed for jacking operation use total 6.00 No’s of Passive earth pr. Co-efficient Kp = 22.45
pockets in a Row. Passive pressure with cohesion is given by
Hence Max force per pocket = 804.12/ 6.00 = 134.020 Pp = 0.5 x W x HxH x Kp + 2 c H [Kp]1/2
The jacking force will be resisted by weight of thrust bed and [1] [2]
partly by thrust wallIf due to any reason jacking force Hence advantage of adhesion at two locations can be taken.
required is more, in that case,To share the jacking force in
two rows of keys, at the time of jacking two rows of pins will [1] PASSIVE RESISTANCE AVAILABLE FROM
be provided; hence force per pin will be half in that case. THRUST WALL
3.1.3.0Thrust Bed and Thrust Wall W=1.80 T/cu.mt, bulk density taken conservatively
3.1.3.1 The thrust will be provided as shown in the fig. H for wall in front =i.e. only one thrust wall
Thrust bed has been designed in such a manner that, it can H for end wall at end of the Bed= 2.00 [0.80 = 1.20 below
accommodate 1st, Box and after that with provision of the Bed]
pushing, there will be auxiliary thrust. Bed for another two Kp= 22.45 [wall above the Bed 7th bed]
boxes L for end walls only = 10.20 mt
1.15m for cutting edge+Box+0.90 Jack+0.5 pocket+0.25 C= Kg/sq.cm Ref: Soil report at th-bed level

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 10, June-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

C= T/sq.mt = {(793.49x1.306)/ (2.76x1000.00)}1/2

PR= 0.5xwxhxhxkp+2ch (kp) 1/2 = 536.19 mm
A= passive pressure at rear all =824.49 Effective depth of wall = 700.00-50.00-12.5
B= pass pressure at intermediate wall=0 = 637.50mm
A+B=passive pressure from walls =824.49-------- (I) 3.1.4.1 Reinforcement Calculation
(2) PASSIVE PRESSURE AVAILABLE FROM KEYS: BM = 793.49 KN-m
Passive pr. with cohesion is given by Effective depth= 700.00-50.00-10.00 = 640.00
Pp= 0.5xwxhxhxkp+2ch (kp) 1/2 To calculate Mu for given percentage of steel
W= 1.80T/cu.mt Fy = 500.00, So 0.87 Fy = 435.00
H= 0.60 Pst = 0.51, sopt/100 = 0.0050
Kp= 22.45 Hence Ast= 0.501x (1000.00x640.00)/1000
L= 10.20 =3207.63 sq.mm
Passive pr.at the bottom of the bed = (kp\xwx0.75) Fck = 25.00.,Fy/fck= 20.00
= 1.80x22.45x0.75=30.31T/sq.mt B = 1000.00
Passive pr.at the bottom of key =(kpxwx1.35) De= 640.00
= 22.45x1.80x1.35=54.56T/sq.mt Hence Mu=0.87XFyXAsX (1-1.1XFyXAs)/(Fckbd)
Passive pr.at the bottom of the key = 54.56 0.87xFy xAs
Hence average pr. =0.87X500.00X3207.63=1395319.17(1)
= (30.31+54.56)/2 = 42.44 1.10X500.00X3207.631.1Fy
Total passive resistance As /Fckbd=35.00x1000.00x640.00=0.0788
= 42.44x10.20x0.60 = 259.71 Hence 1-0.0633 = 0.9212 (2)
Such 3 keys are provided below the thrust bed. x (2)xd =1395319.17x0.92x640.00/10.20=822.67
Passive resistance available Hence Mu=0.87XfyX(Pt/100)x(1-1.1xFy/fck(pt/100))xbd
= 2.00x259.71 = 519.43T---- (II) Mu/bdbasedonpst=435.00x0.0050(1.00-
Total Passive Resistance Available = From Thrust 1.100x20.00x0.0050) =1.94
Bed +Keys = 824.49+519.43=1343.91>656.87 Mu based on BM = (793.49X1000000)/(1000X640X640)
SO SAFE =1.94
This force will be offered by passive resistance from wall, as As both sides are equal pst calculated is OK
well as keys and it will act at 1/3 of thrust wall Pst required =0.501
= 0.33x2.00 = 0.67mt Hence area of steel=100x64x0.00501=32.08
3.1.3.4Design of Thrust Wall Hence provide 25mm bars at 140 c/c through steel
As Max capacity of the thrust wall is Ast provided =35.06cm2>32.08 cm2
= 829.49 T Pst provided =0.54798%
Max force for which wall is to be designed will be Inside the wall. Provide 12mm bars at 140 c/c, through steel
= 824.49T Ast provided = 8.08 cm2
Max force to be resisted by thrust wall 3.1.4.2Designfor Shear in Thrust Wall
= 824.49 Max shear in thrust wall will be at effective depth away from
Hence forces per meter will be bottom of thrust bed=1/2x (80.83+58.20)0.56=38.93T
= 829.29/10.20 = 80.83 Check for Shear:
The equivalent passive force diagram will have the Maximum Shear Forces Are
magnitude of above Max SF in wall = 38.93 T
Hence the ordinate of the resisting force will be Ultimate shear = 1.7x10xV
= 1/2 x base x height=80.83 = 661.79 KN
Hence base Shear stress = Vs/bd=661.79/1000x640
= 80.83 = 1.03
And ordinate at bottom of the thrust bed For M20 grade concrete, from table 15.IRS concrete bridge
= 32.33 code
Ordinate at de away from bottom of thrust bed Table 3.Table 15 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code
= 58.20 % of steel Tc
Hence max. BM.in the thrust wall taking section at the
<0.15 0.31
bottom of the thrust bed :
0.25 0.37
Rectangle+Triangle
0.50 0.47
= (32.33x1.20x1.20/2.00)+(0.50x48.50x1.20x1.20x0.67)
= 46.68 1.00 0.59
Considering jack load as load due to earth pressure, design 2.00 0.74
factor will be 1.7
Hence Tc=0.4300 for Pst=0.5479
DESIGN BM=1.70x46.48=79.354T-m =793.49 KN-m Vc=0.43x1000x640 = 275.20
For M20 concrete effective depth required bxSv =1000x150 = 150000

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 10, June-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

(V+0.4-SVc)= 1.43-0.43= 1.00 Hence Ast = 0.237x

0.87xFy =0.87x415.00 = 361.05 (1000x662.50)/100 = 1572.8Sq.mm
Asv =150000x1.00/361.05= 417.13 Fck = 25
Hence provide 10mm rings connecting 2 bars 150 c/c Fy/Fck = 20
As main bars are provided at 140 c/c no’s of legs in 1 m B = 1000
strip=7 De = 662.50
Hence area of shear steel provided will be =7.00x78.54 Bd2 = 438906250
=549.78 549.78which is >417.13Hence safe Hence Mu = 0.87 xFyxAs[1-
1.1xFyxAs]/FckBd
3.1.5 Design of Thrust Bed 0.87xFyxAs =0.87x500x1572.79
3.1.5.1 Data = 684164.8(1)
Thickness of thrust bed = 750.00mm =1.10x500x1572.79
Width of thrust bed = 10200.00mm 1.1xFy xAs/Fckbd =25x1000x662.50
Concrete grade = M25 = 0.0522
Jacking force required = 804.12T Hence 1-0.0633 = 0.9478(2)
Actually, this is a temporary structure, hence it can be (1)x(2)xd =684164.85x0.95x662.50/1.0E06
designed without load factors, or less factors can be used, Moment of resistance = 429.59>361.22
however, as per IRS code following been assumed. Hence OK
FORCE PER METER OF BOX To calculate Mu for given percentage of steel
= loads x factor Fy = 415
On top surface so 0.87Fy = 361.05
= 193.79x1.40 = 271.31 Pst = 0.2374,
On bottom surface soPst/100 = 0.0024
= 799.34x1.40 = 1119.08 Fck = 25
On two walls = 458.47x1.70 Fy/Fck = 16.60
= 779.40 B = 1000
Live load surcharge De = 662.50
= 142.97x1.70 = 243.05 Bd2 = 438906250
Live load of train Hence Mu = 0.87xFy
= 131.00x1.70 = 222.70 x(Pst/1000)x[1-1.1 Fy/Fck(Pst/100)]bd
Total Load Mu/bd2 based on Pst
= 271.31+1119.08+779.40+243.05+222.70 =361.05x0.0024[1-1.1x16.60x0.0024]=0.82
= 2635.54 Mu/bd2 based on BM
Factored friction force will be = 2635.54x0.466 =361.22X100000)/(1000X662.50X662.50)=0.82
= 1228.16 As both sides are equal Pst calculated is OK
Hence factored force per pin wills be= 1228.16/6 Provide percentage of steel=0.2374
= 204.69 Hence area of steel=100x66.25x0.00237=15.73
3.1.5.2 Jacking force: will be applied against jacking pin and Along with this steel there will be axial tension due to
jacking pin will transfer the load in the side pocket, as a couple, formed at the pin pocket location, this will also be
couple take eccentricity 0.3m taken care by additional steel for pure tension inside the
Jacking pins provided in the bed in a row are =6.00 thrust bed.
Jacking force per pin = 204.69 T 3.1.5.4 Tension, taken by concrete
Eccentricity = 0.3000 Tension Taken By Concrete Will Be=Total Width Of The
Max BM for thrust bed = 1228.16X0.300 Bed Thickness Of Thrust Bed Below Pocket X6.1kg/Cm2
= 368.449 T m Area of thrust bed =1020x75 =76500
Hence factored moment = 1.00x10x368.45 Less area of pockets=-1x6x2750 =-16500
= 3684.49 KN-m Total area of plain concrete will be =60000
Hence moment per meter will be = 3684.49/10.20 Tensile force taken by concrete
= 361.22KN-m =60000x6.1/1000 =366 T (ref: IRC21, cl303.3)
Effective depth of bed = 750.00-87.50 Total required force =1228.16T factored force, with load
= 662.50 factors as per IRS
3.1.5.3 Reinforcement Calculation: Hence steel required for force=1228.16-366=862.16 T
BM = 361.22KN-m Hence area of steel required for axial tension
Effective depth = 750.00-75.00- = 862.16x1000x1x10/( 0.87x415) = 238.79 cm2
12.50 = 662.50 Hence area required per meter will be 238.79/10.20=23.41
To calculate Mu for given percentage of steel This steel will be divided at top and bottom of the thrust bed.
Fy =500.00, so 0.87 Fy = 435.00 As eccentricity from top is = 0.275
Pst = 0.2374, Hence tension steel at top = 0.475/0.75x23.41
soPst/100 = 0.0024 = 14.83 cm2

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 10, June-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

Hence tension steel at bottom=23.41-14.8 =8.58 cm2 Fy = 500

However take 50% at bottom =23.41/2 =11.71 Pst = 0.266
Hence total area of steel required at bottom will be Fck = 25
=11.71+15.73=27.43 cm2 B = 1250.00
Provide 20mm, main bars, so the spacing will be De = 662.50
= (3.142/27.43)x1000=114.52 So, 0.87xFy = 435.00
OR So, Pst/100 = 0.0027
Provide 25mm, main bars, so the spacing will be Fy/Fck = 20.00
= (4.909/27.43)X1000=178.93 Bd2 = 548632813
HENCE PROVIDE 20 MM BARS AT 100 MM C/C Hence Mu = 0.87Fyx
OR (Pst/100) x [1-1.1xFy/Fck(Pst/100)]bd2
PROVIDE 25 MM BARS AT 160 MM C/C Mu/bd2 Based on Pst
REINFORCEMENT AT TOP OF THE THRUST BED: = 435.00x0.0027 (1.00-1.100x20.00x0.0027) =1.09
Reinforcement required at top is=14.83 cm2 Mu/bd2 Based on BM
By providing 16mm steel spacing required will be = (479.72x1000000)/(1000x662.50x662.50) =1.09
=(2.01/14.83)x100=13.56 cm As both sides are equal Pst calculated is OK
However provide 16mm bars at 130mm c/c Pst required = 0.266
3.1.5.5 Distribution Steel Hence area of steel = 125.00x66.25x0.00266
0.12% AS RINGS are provided to form a complete beam, = 22.04
there is no need of distribution steel Along with this steel there will be axial tension due to couple
However provide 0.12% formed at pin pocket location.
(0.12x100x66.25)/100 = 7.95 This will also be taken care by additional steel provided for
On each face = 3.98 cm2 pure tension inside the thrust bed
Inside the all, provide 10mm bars at 170mm c/c, through Total required force = 159.91T
steel Hence area of steel required for axial tension
Astprovided = 4.62 cm2>3.98 cm2 = (159.91x1000x1x10)/(0.87x415)
Hence safe =4428.90sq.mm = 44.29sq.cm
Hence areas required per meter will be
3.1.6: Design of secondary thrust bed for pushing of second = 44.29/1 =44.29
box, casted behind first box This steel will be divided at top and bottom of the thrust bed
3.1.6.1 Force per pin i.e.,44.29/2=22.145
Thickness of Thrust Bed = 750.00mm Hence total area of steel will be=22.145+22.04
Width of thrust bed = 10200.00mm = 44.19sq.cm
Concrete grade = M-25 Provided 25mmmain barsno of bars required
Self-weight of box = 605.55 T,(ref Para 2.2) =44.19/4.91x1.00=9.00
Hence jacking force required = 605.55x0.466= 282.19 However provide 25mm bars 10 no’s
Jacking force required = 282.19 T Reinforcement at Top of Thrust Bed:
As length of second box is less=605.55x11.00/11.00 The reinforcement required at top is =22.14 sq.cm
=605.55mt? Hence provide 6 no’s 20mm bars+3 no’s 16mm bars
Force per meter of box on bottom force =605.55x1.70 Ast provided =24.88cm>22.14cm
=1029.44 Hence safe
Factored friction force will be=1029.44x0.466 3.1.7 Detailing in the Keys
= 479.72 The keys are provided for additional safety.
Hence factored force per pin wills be=479.72/3.00 Hence provide steel 10mm bars of 160 c/c as main links
=159.91 connecting to thrust bed, and 9 bars @8mm bars as
distribution steel.
3.1.6.2: Jacking force 3.1.7.1 Design of Keys in Thrust Bed
Jacking force will be applied against jacking pin and jacking Pressure at top of key = 30.31(ref Para 3.3(2))
pin will transfer the load inside the pocket, as couple, hence Pressure at bottom of key = 54.56
eccentricity =0.300 Max BM in key =42.44x0.60x0.60/2.00=7.64 T-mts
Jacking pins provided in the bed in a row are =3.00 Hence factored moment= 1.70x10.00x7.64=129.86KN-m
Jacking force per pin =159.91 T Hence moment per meter will be= 129.86x1.00
Max BM for thrust bed =159.91x0.300=47.972 T –m =129.86 KN-m
Hence factored moment = 1.00x10.00x47.97=479.72 KN-m Effective depth of key = 600.00-87.50 =512.50
Hence moment per meter will be=479.72/1.00=479.72 KN-m Reinforcement Calculation:
3.1.6.3 Reinforcement Calculation BM = 129.86KN-m
BM = 479.72 KN-m Effective depth = 600.00-50.00-12.50 = 537.50
Effective depth = 750.00-75.00-12.50= 662.50 To calculate Mu for given % of steel
Total calculated Mu for given % of steel FY = 500

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 10, June-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

Pst = 0.106 = 15.65

Fck = 25 Using 20mm thick plate, Z will be 1/6 bd2
B = 1000.00 = 66.67 cm3
De = 537.50 Hence OK
So,0.87xFy = 435.00 3.1.7.5 Design of Stiffeners at Top, Bottom and Sides
So, Pst/100 = 0.0011 Check For Stiffeners:
Fy/Fck = 20.00 At bottom spacing is = 0.450mts c/c
Bd2= 288906250 At top spacing is = 0.45mts c/c
Hence Mu=0.87Fyx(Pst/100)x[1-1.1xFy/Fck(Pst/100)]bd2 Hence load on stiffeners will be
Mu/bd2 Based on Pst =435.00x0.0011(1.00- At top = 11.59x0.45
1.100x20.00x0.0011) =0.45 = 5.22T
Mu/bd2 Based on BM = At bottom = 11.59x0.45
(129.86x1000000)/(1000x537.50x537.50) =0.45 = 5.22T
Hence min steel can be provided, orotherwise depth of key Check At Top
can be reduced. BM in stiffeners = 5.22x1.250x1.250/2
Pst required = 0.12 = 4.08T-mts
Hence area of steel = 100x53.75x0.00120 Section modulus required = 4.08x100000/1500
= 6.45 = 271.70
Hence provide 12mm bars at 160 c/c, through steel Using 12mm thick plate, Z will be 1/6 bd2
Ast provided = 7.07 cm2>6.45 cm2 = 1125 cm3
Hence safe. Hence OK
3.1.7.2 Design of Front Cutting Edge: Check At Bottom
The front cutting edge has been provided with face plate of BM in stiffeners =5.22x0.600x0.600/2
10mm with holdfast at the time of casting of box. With this =0.94 T-mts
face plate cutting edge will be welded, and for support to the Section modulus required =0.94x100000/1500
cutting edge, stiffeners’ are provided at 450 c/c at top, and =62.60
450 c/c at bottom. Using 10mm thick plate Z will be 1/6 bd2
Plate thickness provided at top portion of cutting edge is =937.50 cm3
20mm thick Hence OK
Plate thickness provided at bottom portion of cutting edge is 3.2 Analysisof Precast Box (Tunnel)
16mm thick 3.2.1 Design data:
Plate thickness provided at two side portion of cutting edge is Size of box: single RCC precast box: 7.50 x 5.650
16mm thick Length of each box = 22.00 mts
Loads on Stiffener: Plate on stiffeners will transfer the load No. of segments = 2.00
from top on to the stiffeners Length of box unit-1 = 11.00 mts
Load on plates: DL+LL Top of bottom slab = 101.257mts
Intensity of load from design of box
=7557.55+4035.03=11.59 T/mt2 Proposed road level = 101.407 mts
(ref Para 4.0 of box design) Clear length inside = 7.50 mts
Loads on Stiffener: Plate on stiffeners will transfer the load Clear height inside = 5.650 mt
to the stiffeners Thickness of top slab = 0.750 mts
Hence total intensity = 11.59 T/mt2 Thickness of bottom slab = 0.750 mts
Design of Plates at Top and Bottom and Sides: Thickness of end walls = 0.750 mts
As the cutting edge is supported on stiffeners and max R.L. of top of box = 107.657 mts
spacing of stiffeners R.L. of formation level = 108.232 mts
At bottom spacing is = 0.450mts c/c R.L. of rail level = 108.907 mts
At top spacing is = 0.45 mts c/c Cushion up to the formation = 0.575 mts
Out to out of box = 9.00 mts
3.1.7.3 Check at Bottom Cutting Edge Total height of the box = 7.150 mts
BM in cutting edge =11.59x0.450x0.450/10 C/c of outer to central wall = 8.250 mts
= 0.23 T-mt Effective height of the box = 6.40 mts
Section modulus required = 0.23x100000/1500 Effective span of the box = 8.250 mts
= 15.65 Soil parameters:
Using 16 mm thick plate Z will be 1/6 bd2 Bulk density = 2.10 T/cu.mts
= 42.67 cm3>15.65 cm3 Angle of internal friction = 28.00 degrees,
3.1.7.4Check At Top Cutting Edge: taken as per soil report
BM in cutting edge = 11.59x0.450x0.450/10
= 0.23 T-mt 3.2.2 Design criteria
Section modulus required = 0.23x100000/1500 A: the design has been done as per railway standards and the

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 10, June-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

following codes Pst = 0.582

Indian railway bridge rules Ast provided = 47.36 cm2
Loading: H.M.LOADING (which is safe for 25 T loading) Pst = 0.686, hence ok
IRS bridge substructures & foundation code Asv = 351.80
B: STRUCTURAL MATERAILS Hence provide 10mm rings connecting 2 main bars 150 c/c
Reinforced concrete = box 35 As main bars provided 170 c/c no of legs in 1 m strip will be
Reinforcement: high yield bars Fy = 500 = 6 nos
N/mm2 Hence area of shear steel provided will be =6 x 78.54
METOD OF DESIGN: LIMIT STATE AS PER IRS =471.24>351.80
LATEST CODE OF PROVISION. Check for shear after 2.25 m from support
3.0: Recapitulation of loads on box for analysis purpose SF at section = 493.00KN
Shear stress V/bd = 0.71
Asv = 180.86
Hence provide 8mm rings connecting 2 main bars @150 c/c
As main bars are provided 170 c/c no of legs in 1m strip =6
nos
Hence area of shear stress provided will be
=6x 50.27=301.62>180.86
3.3.2.2 Reinforcement Calculation at Mid Span for Bottom
3.3 Design of Precast Box
Slab
3.3.1 Table of B.M at Corners and Mid Span for Members
Mu/bd2 based on Pst=2.092
All B.M. are in KN-m, with load factors as per IRS codal
Mu/bd2 based on B.M=2.092
provision
As both sides are equal Pst calculated is ok
As per IRS code moments are to be considered at face of
Pst=0.524
support,
Ast provided=47.36 cm2
3.3.1.1 Recapitulation of Bending Moment
Pst=0.686, hence ok
(1) Table of B.M. at corners and mid span for bottom slab
Hence provide 20mm bars 170 c/c,through steel +25 mm
All B.M. are in KN-m, with load factors as per IRS codal
bars at 170 c/c
provision
Ast pro =47.36 cm2 hence ok
3.3.2.3 Reinforcement Calculation at Mid Span for Top Slab
TABLE N0: 2 B.M. at Corners and Mid Span for Bottom
Mu/bd2 based on Pst= 1.751
Slab
Mu/bd2 based on B.M= 1.751
As both sides are equal Pst calculated is ok
Pst= 0.432
Hence provide 20mm bars 170 c/c, which are from vertical
+20 mm bars at 170 c/c of top slab steel
Ast pro =36.96 cm2 hence ok
3.3.2.4Reinforcement Calculation at Mid Span for Vertical
Wall
Mu/bd2 based on Pst =1.016
Mu/bd2 based on B.M =1.015
As both sides are equal Pst calculated is ok
(2) TABLE for shear forces at corners: All the shear forces Pst=0.243
are in KN-m, with load factor as per IRS codal provisions Ast provided=28.8 cm2 hence ok
Hence provide 25mm bars 170 c/c, which are from vertical
+25 mm bars at 170 c/c of top slab steel
Ast pro = 28.88cm2 hence ok
Design of vertical wall: as per cl. No:15.7.1.1 ,of IRS
concrete bridge code, if axial force is less than 0.1 fckAc,the
wall shall be treated as slab, and shall be designed
accordingly.
From the above data, Final DESIGN details of precast box
Hence provide 16 mm bars @ 170 c/c through steel + 0mm
are as follows:
bars @0
Ast pro =11.83 cm2
3.3.2Reinforcement
3.3.2.1 Reinforcement Calculations for Bottom Slab
3.3.3 Calculation for Steel along the Box with Pushing Force
Mu/bd2 based on Pst = 2.30
on Box
Mu/bd2 based on B.M = 2.30
3.3.3.1 Vertical Loads
As both sides are equal Pst calculated is ok
TABLE: 4 Vertical Loads

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 10, June-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

S.NO LOADS DUE TO LOAD McGraw Hills, New York

1 AT TOP OF BOX UNIT 273.24 [3] Design of steel structures P.Dayaratnam, Publishers
2 AT BOTTOM OF BOX 878.79 S.Chand Edition 2011-2012
[4] Bridge Deck Behaviour by E.C. Hambly.
3.3.3.2 Earth Pressure [5] Design of concrete Bridges By M.G
(REF: cl-5.7 of IRS code for sub structure and foundation) Aswini,V.N.Vazirani and M.M. Ratwani
Ka, as calculated in design of box = 0.3344 [6] Analysis of Bridge by STAAD Pro.
Total load on the wall = 229.24 T [7] IS 456-2000
Total pushing force required will be 878.00 T [8] SP16:1984
4.4.3.3: Serviceability Limit State: Crack Width Calculations [9] IRS, IRC Codes.
(Ref: cl: 15.9.8.2, of IRS code)
Design crack width =3 acrem/(1+2 (acr-cnom)/(h-dc))
=0.1784 mm<0.20 mm
(ref table: 10, of IRS concrete bridge code)

IV. CONCLUSION OF RESULTS

4.1Conclusion
 With the box pushing technique, there is no
interruption to the traffic moving around.
 Better quality control due to the provision of precast
boxes.
 Quantities will be less as compared to the
conventional method of construction. M.A.RAHMAN
 The cost of construction is less as compared with the Associate Professor
conventional method. Department of Civil Engineering
4.1.1 Precast box Guru Nanak Institutions
 For the 7.5m span, we got the wall thickness as Hyderabad, Telengana.
750mm.
 For 6.4m clear height, we got the wall thickness as
750mm.
4.1.2 Thrust bed
 We have provided thickness of thrust bed 750mm
for length of box 11m.
 The reinforcement details of precast box (tunnel),
thrust bed is shown in the Drawing sheet.
 Various unexpected situations are likely to occur
during the box pushing operations. Since the safety
of running trains is directly affected, proper
planning and implementation is essential for smooth
completion of work. Advance analysis of site, likely G.RAJU
problems that may arise and planning to tackle the Student of M.Tech
same will help the executive for speedy and safe Department of Civil Engineering
completion of the work. Guru Nanak Institutions
Hyderabad, Telengana.
V. FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK .
 This was done for present need, for future
expansions box can be extended cast-insitu as there
are no tracks, thereby it can be done simpler &
easier way, instead of present box pushing
technique.
 The present work done is on RCC box, pre stressed
concrete can also be done, thereby the reinforcement
can be reduced greatly, and cost of PSC is more.

REFERENCES
[1] Advanced Structural Analysis by Ashok k. Jain,
New Channel Brothers.
[2] Dynamics of Structures by Clough and Penzien

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