UNIT – I :

2 Marks

1 List the properties of ER diagram (Oct/Nov 2016)

2 Explain integrity constraints over relations (Oct/Nov 2016)
3 Define key constraint. (June 2014)
4 Define participation constraint. (June 2014)
5 What is weak entity? (June 2014)
6 What is view. (Apr/May 2012)
7 Define entity. (Apr/May 2012)
8 Define entity set. (Apr/May 2012)
9 Define attribute. (Apr/May 2012)
10 Define key. (Apr/May 2012)
3 Marks
1 Explain the 3 levels of abstraction (Oct/Nov 2016)
2 Discuss about participation constraints. (Nov/Dec 2015)
3 Discuss about overlap constraints. (Nov/Dec 2015)
4 What are the advantages of DBMS over file system. (June 2014)
5 Explain specialization with suitable example. (June 2014)
6 Explain generalization with suitable example. (June 2014)
5 Marks
1 What is a data model? What are the different data models? Explain E-R model and relation
model briefly. (Oct/Nov 2016)
2 Explain database users, user interfaces, DBA and functions of a DBA. (Oct/Nov 2016)
3 What are the application programs? Explain database access for application programs.
4 What is null
(Oct/Nov attribute? With suitable diagram explain weak and strong entity set. (Oct/Nov
2016)
5 What
2016) is DBMS? What are the applications of Database system? (May 2016)
6 What are database languages? Explain with examples. (May 2016)
7 Briefly explain the additional features of ER model. (May 2016)
8 What is a database? Discuss database system applications. (Nov/Dec 2015)
9 Discuss and responsibilities and duties of database administrator. (Nov/Dec 2015)
10 What is the significance of integrity constraints? Explain with examples. (Nov/Dec 2015)
11 Define key constraint, participation constraint. What is weak entity? Give an example scenario
motivating the use of each of these ER model design constructs. (June 2014)
UNIT – II :

2 Marks

1 What is tuple relational calculus. (June 2014)

2 What is domain relational calculus. (June 2014)
3 What is a relation. (Apr/May 2012)
4 What is a relation schema. (Apr/May 2012)
5 What is a relation interface. (Apr/May 2012)
6 What is a trigger. (Apr/May 2012)
 3 Marks
1 Create a table with Employee details like eno, ename, bdate, address, dno, age, phone number.
List the name, eno, dname and phone number of the employee who are also the managers of the
Consider
respectivethe following (Oct/Nov
departments schema to2016)
write queries in SQL. (Nov/Dec 2015)

2 EMP(eid, ename, ecity)

COMPANY(cid, cname, ccity)

WORKS_FOR(eid, cid, salary)

b) Find the employees who reside in the same city in which their company is located. (Nov/Dec
c) Find the companies
MANAGES(eid,
2015) mid) located in the city where “panyam cement” is present. (Nov/Dec 2015)
d) Find the expenditure towards salaries for “P&G” located at “Hyderabad”. (Nov/Dec 2015)
Manager is managers
e) Find the also an employee.
for the company with id 2345. (Nov/Dec 2015)
3 Explain theemployees
a) Find the outer join operation. (June 2014)
who are working for “L&T” company.
4 How are integrity constraints enforced. (Apr/May 2012)
5 Marks
1 Discuss in detail about the properties of relation algebra. (Oct/Nov 2016)
2 How we can convert relationship sets with key constraints into tables? Explain. (Oct/Nov 2016)
3 Write short notes on difference, union, rename and cartesian product operations in relational
algebra. (Oct/Nov 2016)
4 How we can translate E-R diagram with aggregation? Explain. (Oct/Nov 2016)
5 Explain the following: (i)Foreign key constraints (ii) Querying relational data. (May 2016)
Explain the following: (May 2016)
6
a) Nested queries
7 Explain the fundamental relational algebraic operations. (June 2014)
b) Null values
UNIT – III :

2 Marks

1 What is functional dependency (Oct/Nov 2016)

2 Define 1NF. (Apr/May 2012)
3 Define 2NF. (Apr/May 2012)
4 Define 3NF. (Apr/May 2012)
5 Define BCNF. (Apr/May 2012)
3 Marks
1 How can we identify that the relation is in 2NF? (Oct/Nov 2016)
2 Explain about lossless join decomposition. (June 2014)
3 Describe multivalued dependencies with examples. (Apr/May 2012)
4 What are the problems caused by redundancy. (Apr/May 2012)
5 Marks
1 Explain different normal forms based on functional dependencies. (Oct/Nov 2016)
2 Explain about dependency preserving decomposition. (Oct/Nov 2016)
3 Explain BCNF. Give an example. (Oct/Nov 2016)
4 What are the steps to be followed to convert a relation in 3NF to BCNF. (Oct/Nov 2016)
5 Discuss about decomposition in detail. (May 2016)
 Suppose that we decompose the schema R=(A,B,C,D,E) into (A,B,C) and (A,D,E). show that
6
this decomposition is lossless join decomposition if the following set F of functional
dependencies holds:
7 Explain second and third normal forms. Why BCNF is preferred over 3NF. (Nov/Dec 2015)
8 A->BC,
What CD->E,
is meant byB->D, E->A.
canonical (MayExplain
cover? 2016) the process of finding it. (Nov/Dec 2015)
9 Why do we need normalization? Explain the difference between Third and Fourth normal forms
with example. (June 2014)
UNIT – IV :

2 Marks

1 Write about transaction states (Oct/Nov 2016)

2 Define serializability. (June 2014)
3 What is meant by transaction state. (Apr/May 2012)
4 What is a schedule. (Apr/May 2012)
3 Marks
1 What are the ACID properties? Explain. (Oct/Nov 2016)
2 Explain transaction rollback. (May 2016)
3 Explain multiple granularity. (Nov/Dec 2015)
4 What is a precedence graph? What is its use in transaction management. (Nov/Dec 2015)
5 Distinguish between serial schedule and serializable schedule. (Apr/May 2012)
5 Marks
1 Explain ARIES in detail. (Oct/Nov 2016)
2 How the lock manger implements lock and unlock requests? Explain. (Oct/Nov 2016)
3 How the concurrency control is done in B+ trees? Explain. (Oct/Nov 2016)
4 What is schedule? Explain about serial and non serial schedule. (Oct/Nov 2016)
5 Explain the implementation of locking. (May 2016)
6 Explain the implementation of atomicity and durability. (May 2016)
7 Discuss about conflict serializability. (May 2016)
8 Discuss in detail about ARIES recovery method. (May 2016)
9 Describe the optimistic concurrency control. (Nov/Dec 2015)
10 Define serializability. Explain conflict serializability and view serializability in detail. (June
11 How
2014)does recovery manager ensure atomicity of transactions? How does it ensures durability.
12 Explain about log based recovery method. (June 2014)
(June 2014)
UNIT – V :

2 Marks

1 What is an index? Give an example. (Oct/Nov 2016)

2 What is B+ tree. (June 2014)
3 What is sparse index. (Apr/May 2012)
4 What is dense index. (Apr/May 2012)
3 Marks
1 What are the advantages of using tree structured indexes? (Oct/Nov 2016)
2 What is primary indexing. (June 2014)
3 What is secondary indexing. (June 2014)
 5 Marks
1 What is a composite search key? What are the pros and cons of composite search keys?
2 What are the
(Oct/Nov performance implications of disk structure/ Explain. (Oct/Nov 2016)
2016)
3 What are the different RAID levels? Explain. (Oct/Nov 2016)
4 Compare linear hashing and Extendable hashing. (Oct/Nov 2016)
Construct a B+ tree for the following set of key values. (May 2016)

(2,3,5,7,11,17,19,23,29,31)
5
assume that the tree is initially empty and values are added in ascending order.

Construct B+ tree for the cases where the number of pointers that will fit in one node is as
6 follows.
What alternatives are available for the data entries in an index? Explain. (Nov/Dec 2015)
7 Explain in detail heap file organization with indexes. (Nov/Dec 2015)
a)four
8 What is B+ tree? Explain the inserton operations in B+ tree indexing with example. (June 2014)
9 Explain about Indexed sequential access methods (ISAM) and B+ trees. (Apr/May 2012)
b)six

c)eight
*** Assignment questions must be from previous question papers and must be mentioned

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

UNIT-I

1. _____________ express the number of entities to which another entity can be associated via a
relationship set.

a) Mapping Cardinality

b) Relational Cardinality

c) Participation Constraints

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

2. An entity in A is associated with at most one entity in B, and an entity in B is associated with at most
one entity in A.This is called as

a) One-to-many
b) One-to-one

c) Many-to-many

d) Many-to-one

View Answer

3. An entity in A is associated with at most one entity in B. An entity in B, however, can be associated
with any number (zero or more) of entities in A.

a) One-to-many

b) One-to-one

c) Many-to-many

d) Many-to-one

View Answer

4. Data integrity constraints are used to:

a) Control who is allowed access to the data

b) Ensure that duplicate records are not entered into the table

c) Improve the quality of data entered for a specific property

d) Prevent users from changing the values stored in the table

View Answer

5. Establishing limits on allowable property values, and specifying a set of acceptable, predefined options
that can be assigned to a property are examples of:

a) Attributes

b) Data integrity constraints

c) Method constraints

d) Referential integrity constraints

View Answer
6. Which of the following can be addressed by enforcing a referential integrity constraint?

a) All phone numbers must include the area code

b) Certain fields are required (such as the email address, or phone number) before the record is accepted

c) Information on the customer must be known before anything can be sold to that customer

d) Then entering an order quantity, the user must input a number and not some text (i.e., 12 rather than „a
dozen‟)

View Answer

7. ______ is a special type of integrity constraint that relates two relations & maintains consistency across
the relations.

a) Entity Integrity Constraints

b) Referential Integrity Constraints

c) Domain Integrity Constraints

d) Domain Constraints

View Answer

8. Which one of the following uniquely identifies the elements in the relation?

a) Secondary Key

b) Primary key

c) Foreign key

d) Composite key

View Answer

9. Drop Table cannot be used to drop a table referenced by a _________ constraint.

a) Local Key

b) Primary Key
c) Composite Key

d) Foreign Key

View Answer

10. ____________ is preferred method for enforcing data integrity

a) Constraints

b) Stored Procedure

c) Triggers

d) Cursors

View Answer

11. Which of the following gives a logical structure of the database graphically ?

a) Entity-relationship diagram

b) Entity diagram

c) Database diagram

d) Architectural representation

View Answer

12. The entity relationship set is represented in E-R diagram as

a) Double diamonds

b) Undivided rectangles

c) Dashed lines

d) Diamond

View Answer

13. The Rectangles divided into two parts represents

a) Entity set

b) Relationship set

c) Attributes of a relationship set

d) Primary key

View Answer

14. Consider a directed line(->) from the relationship set advisor to both entity sets instructor and student.
This indicates _________ cardinality

a) One to many

b) One to one

c) Many to many

d) Many to one

View Answer

15. We indicate roles in E-R diagrams by labeling the lines that connect ___________ to __________

a) Diamond , diamond

b) Rectangle, diamond

c) Rectangle, rectangle

d) Diamond, rectangle

View Answer

16. An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is termed a __________

a) Strong entity set

b) Variant set

c) Weak entity set

d) Variable set

View Answer
17. For a weak entity set to be meaningful, it must be associated with another entity set, called the

a) Identifying set

b) Owner set

c) Neighbour set

d) Strong entity set

View Answer

18. Weak entity set is represented as

a) Underline

b) Double line

c) Double diamond

d) Double rectangle

View Answer

19. If you were collecting and storing information about your music collection, an album would be
considered a(n) _____

a) Relation

b) Entity

c) Instance

d) Attribute

View Answer

20. What term is used to refer to a specific record in your music database; for instance; information stored
about a specific album?

a) Relation

b) Instance
c) Table

c) Column

View Answer

21. A relational database consists of a collection of

a) Tables

b) Fields

c) Records

d) Keys

View Answer

22. A ________ in a table represents a relationship among a set of values.

a) Column

b) Key

c) Row

d) Entry

View Answer

23. The term _______ is used to refer to a row.

a) Attribute

b) Tuple

c) Field

d) Instance

View Answer

24. The term attribute refers to a ___________ of a table.

a) Record

b) Column

c) Tuple

d) Key

View Answer

25. For each attribute of a relation, there is a set of permitted values, called the ________ of that attribute.

a) Domain

b) Relation

c) Set

d) Schema

View Answer

26. Database __________ which is the logical design of the database, and the database _______ which is
a snapshot of the data in the database at a given instant in time.

a) Instance, Schema

b) Relation, Schema

c) Relation, Domain

d) Schema, Instance

View Answer

27.Course(course_id,sec_id,semester)

Here the course_id,sec_id and semester are __________ and course is a _________

a) Relations, Attribute

b) Attributes, Relation

c) Tuple, Relation

d) Tuple, Attributes
View Answer

28. Department (dept name, building, budget) and Employee (employee_id , name, dept name,salary)

Here the dept_name attribute appears in both the relations .Here using common attributes in relation
schema is one way of relating ___________ relations.

a) Attributes of common

b) Tuple of common

c) Tuple of distinct

d) Attributes of distinct

View Answer

29. A domain is atomic if elements of the domain are considered to be ____________ units.

a) Different

b) Indivisbile

c) Constant

d) Divisible

View Answer

30. The tuples of the relations can be of ________ order.

a) Any

b) Same

c) Sorted

d) Constant

View Answer

31. Using which language can a user request information from a database ?

a) Query
b) Relational

c) Structural

d) Compiler

View Answer

32. Student(ID, name, dept name, tot_cred)

In this query which attribute form the primary key?

a) Name

b) Dept

c) Tot_cred

d) ID

View Answer

33. Which one of the following is a procedural language ?

a) Domain relational calculus

b) Tuple relational calculus

c) Relational algebra

d) Query language

View Answer

34. The_____ operation allows the combining of two relations by merging pairs of tuples, one from each
relation, into a single tuple.

a) Select

b) Join

c) Union

d) Intersection

View Answer
35. The result which operation contains all pairs of tuples from the two relations, regardless of whether
their attribute values match.

a) Join

b) Cartesian product

c) Intersection

d) Set difference

View Answer

36. The _______operation performs a set union of two “similarly structured” tables

a) Union

b) Join

c) Product

d) Intersect

View Answer

37. The most commonly used operation in relational algebra for projecting a set of tuple from a relation is

a) Join

b) Projection

c) Select

d) Union

View Answer

38. The _______ operator takes the results of two queries and returns only rows that appear in both result
sets.

a) Union

b) Intersect
c) Difference

d) Projection

View Answer

39. A ________ is a pictorial depiction of the schema of a database that shows the relations in the
database, their attributes, and primary keys and foreign keys.

a) Schema diagram

b) Relational algebra

c) Database diagram

d) Schema flow

View Answer

40. The _________ provides a set of operations that take one or more relations as input and return a
relation as an output.

a) Schematic representation

b) Relational algebra

c) Scheme diagram

d) Relation flow

View Answer

UNIT-II

1. Relational Algebra is a __________ query language that takes two relation as input and produces
another relation as output of the query.

a) Relational

b) Structural

c) Procedural

d) Fundamental
View Answer

2. Which of the following is a fundamental operation in relational algebra ?

a) Set intersection

b) Natural join

c) Assignment

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

3. ##Which of the following is used to denote the selection operation in relational algebra ?

a) Pi (Greek)

b) Sigma (Greek)

c) Lambda (Greek)

d) Omega (Greek)

View Answer

4. For select operation the ________ appear in the subscript and the ___________ argument appears in
the paranthesis after the sigma.

a) Predicates, relation

b) Relation, Predicates

c) Operation, Predicates

d) Relation, Operation

View Answer

5. The ___________ operation, denoted by −, allows us to find tuples that are in one relation but are not
in another.

a) Union
b) Set-difference

c) Difference

d) Intersection

View Answer

6. Which is a unary operation:

a) Selection operation

b) Primitive operation

c) Projection operation

d) Generalized selection

View Answer

7. Which is a join condition contains an equality operator:

a) Equijoins

b) Cartesian

c) Natural

d) Left

View Answer

8. In precedence of set operators the expression is evaluated from

a) Left to left

b) Left to right

c) Right to left

d) From user specification

View Answer
9. Which of the following is not outer join ?

a) Left outer join

b) Right outer join

c) Full outer join

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

10. The assignment operator is denoted by

a) ->

b) <-

c) =

d) ==

View Answer

11. Find the ID, name, dept name, salary for instructors whose salary is greater than $80,000 .

a) {t | t ε instructor ∧ t[salary] > 80000}

b) Э t ∈ r (Q(t))

c) {t | Э s ε instructor (t[ID] = s[ID]∧ s[salary] > 80000)}

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

12. A query in the tuple relational calculus is expressed as:

a) {t | P() | t}

b) {P(t) | t }

c) {t | P(t)}

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

13.

{t | &#x42D; s &#x3B5; instructor (t[name] = s[name]

∧ &#x42D; u &#x3B5; department (u[dept name] = s[dept name]

∧ u[building] = “Watson”))}

Which of the following best describes the query ?

a) Finds the names of all instructors whose department is in the Watson building.

b) Finds the names of all department is in the Watson building.

c) Finds the name of the dapartment whose instructor and building is Watson.

d) Returns the building name of all the departments.

View Answer

14. Which of the following symbol is used in the place of except ?

a) ^

b) V

c) ¬

d) ~

View Answer

15. “Find all students who have taken all courses offered in the Biology department.” The expressions
that matches this sentence is :

a) Э t ε r (Q(t))

b) ∀ t ε r (Q(t))

c) ¬ t ε r (Q(t))

d) ~ t ε r (Q(t))
View Answer

16. Which of the following is the comparison operator in tuple relational calculus

a) ⇒

b) =

c) ε

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

17. An expression in the domain relational calculus is of the form

a) {P(x1, x2, . . . , xn) | < x1, x2, . . . , xn > }

b) {x1, x2, . . . , xn | < x1, x2, . . . , xn > }

c) { x1, x2, . . . , xn | x1, x2, . . . , xn}

d) {< x1, x2, . . . , xn > | P(x1, x2, . . . , xn)}

View Answer

18. Find the names of all instructors in the Physics department together with the course id of all courses
they teach:

a) {< c > | Э s (< c, a, s, y, b, r, t >ε section

∧s = “Fall” ∧ y = “2009”

∨Эu (< c, a, s, y, b, r, t >ε section

∧s = “Spring” ∧ y = “2010”

b) {< n, c > | Э i, a (< i, c, a, s, y > ε teaches

∧ Э d, s (< i, n, d, s > ε instructor ∧ d = “Physics”))}

c) {< n > | Э i, d, s (< i, n, d, s > ε instructor ∧ s > 80000)}

d) {< i, n, d, s > | < i, n, d, s > ε instructor ∧ s > 80000}

View Answer
19. In domain relaional calculus “there exist” can be expressed as

a) (P1(x))

b) (P1(x)) Э x

c) V x (P1(x))

d) Э x (P1(x))

View Answer

20. _________ joins are SQL server default

a) Outer

b) Inner

c) Equi

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

21. A _____ indicates an absent value that may exist but be unknown or that may not exist at all.

a) Empty tuple

b) New value

c) Null value

d) Old value

View Answer

22. If the attribute phone number is included in the relation all the values need not be entered into the
phone number column . This type of entry is given as

a) 0

b) –

c) Null
d) Empty space

View Answer

23. The predicate in a where clause can involve Boolean operations such as and.The result of true and
unknown is_______ false and unknown is _____ while unknown and unknown is _____

a) Unknown, unknown, false

b) True, false, unknown

c) True, unknown, unknown

d) Unknown, false, unknown

View Answer

24.

SELECT name

FROM instructor

WHERE salary IS NOT NULL;

Selects

a) Tuples with null value

b) Tuples with no null values

c) Tuples with any salary

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

25. In a employee table to include the attributes whose value always have some value which of the
following constraint must be used ?

a) Null

b) Not null
c) Unique

d) Distinct

View Answer

26. Using the ______ clause retains only one copy of such identical tuples.

a) Null

b) Unique

c) Not null

d) Distinct

View Answer

27.

CREATE TABLE employee (id INTEGER,name VARCHAR(20),salary NOT NULL);

INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1005,Rach,0);

INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1007,Ross, );

INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1002,Joey,335);

Some of these insert statements will produce an error. Identify the statement.

a) Insert into employee values (1005,Rach,0);

b) Insert into employee values (1002,Joey,335);

c) Insert into employee values (1007,Ross, );

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

28. The primary key must be

a) Unique
b) Not null

c) Both Unique and Not null

d) Either Unique or Not null

View Answer

29. You attempt to query the database with this command:

SELECT nvl (100 / quantity, NONE)

FROM inventory;

Why does this statement cause an error when QUANTITY values are null?

a) The expression attempts to divide by a null value

b) The data types in the conversion function are incompatible

c) The character string none should be enclosed in single quotes („ „)

d) A null value used in an expression cannot be converted to an actual value

View Answer

30. The result of _____unknown is unknown.

a) Xor

b) Or

c) And

d) Not

View Answer

31. Which one of the following is used to define the structure of the relation ,deleting relations and
relating schemas ?

a) DML(Data Manipulation Langauge)

b) DDL(Data Definition Langauge)

c) Query

d) Relational Schema

View Answer

32. Which one of the following provides the ability to query information from the database and to insert
tuples into, delete tuples from, and modify tuples in the database ?

a) DML(Data Manipulation Langauge)

b) DDL(Data Definition Langauge)

c) Query

d) Relational Schema

View Answer

33. Create table employee (name varchar ,id integer)

What type of statement is this ?

a) DML

b) DDL

c) View

d) Integrity constraint

View Answer

34. Select * from employee

What type of statement is this?

a) DML

b) DDL

c) View

d) Integrity constraint

View Answer
35. The basic data type char(n) is a _____ length character string and varchar(n) is _____ length
character.

a) Fixed, equal

b) Equal, variable

c) Fixed, variable

d) Variable, equal

View Answer

36. An attribute A of datatype varchar(20) has the value “Avi” . The attribute B of datatype char(20) has
value ”Reed” .Here attribute A has ____ spaces and attribute B has ____ spaces.

a) 3, 20

b) 20, 4

c) 20 , 20

d) 3, 4

View Answer

37. To remove a relation from an SQL database, we use the ______ command.

a) Delete

b) Purge

c) Remove

d) Drop table

View Answer

38. Delete from r; r – relation

This command performs which of the following action ?

a) Remove relation
b) Clear relation entries

c) Delete fields

d) Delete rows

View Answer

39. Insert into instructor values (10211, ‟Smith‟, ‟Biology‟, 66000);

What type of statement is this ?

a) Query

b) DML

c) Relational

d) DDL

View Answer

40. Updates that violate __________ are disallowed.

a) Integrity constraints

b) Transaction control

c) Authorization

d) DDL constraints

View Answer

UNIT-III

1. In the __________ normal form, a composite attribute is converted to individual attributes.

A) First

B) Second
C) Third

D) Fourth

View Answer

2. A table on the many side of a one to many or many to many relationship must:

a) Be in Second Normal Form (2NF)

b) Be in Third Normal Form (3NF)

c) Have a single attribute key

d) Have a composite key

View Answer

3. Tables in second normal form (2NF):

a) Eliminate all hidden dependencies

b) Eliminate the possibility of a insertion anomalies

c) Have a composite key

d) Have all non key fields depend on the whole primary key

View Answer

4. Which-one ofthe following statements about normal forms is FALSE?

a) BCNF is stricter than 3 NF

b) Lossless, dependency -preserving decomposition into 3 NF is always possible

c) Loss less, dependency – preserving decomposition into BCNF is always possible

d) Any relation with two attributes is BCNF

View Answer

5. Functional Dependencies are the types of constraints that are based on______
a) Key

b) Key revisited

c) Superset key

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

6. Which is a bottom-up approach to database design that design by examining the relationship between
attributes:

a) Functional dependency

b) Database modeling

c) Normalization

d) Decomposition

View Answer

7. Which forms simplifies and ensures that there is minimal data aggregates and repetitive groups:

a) 1NF

b) 2NF

c) 3NF

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

8. Which forms has a relation that possesses data about an individual entity:

a) 2NF

b) 3NF

c) 4NF

d) 5NF

View Answer
9. Which forms are based on the concept of functional dependency:

a) 1NF

b) 2NF

c) 3NF

d) 4NF

View Answer

10. Empdt1(empcode, name, street, city, state,pincode).

For any pincode, there is only one city and state. Also, for given street, city and state, there is just one
pincode. In normalization terms, empdt1 is a relation in

a) 1 NF only

b) 2 NF and hence also in 1 NF

c) 3NF and hence also in 2NF and 1NF

d) BCNF and hence also in 3NF, 2NF and 1NF

View Answer

11. The normal form which satisfies multivalued dependencies and which is in BCNF is

a) 4 NF

b) 3 NF

c) 2 NF

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

12. Which of the following is a tuple-generating dependencies ?

a) Functional dependency

b) Equality-generating dependencies
c) Multivalued dependencies

d) Non-functional dependency

View Answer

13. The main task carried out in the __________ is to remove repeating attributes to separate tables.

a) First Normal Form

b) Second Normal Form

c) Third Normal Form

d) Fourth Normal Form

View Answer

14. Which of the normal form is based on multivalued dependencies ?

a) First

b) Second

c) Third

d) Fourth

View Answer

15. Which forms has a relation that possesses data about an individual entity?

a) 2NF

b) 3NF

c) 4NF

d) 5NF

View Answer

16. If a multivalued dependency holds and is not implied by the corresponding functional dependency, it
usually arises from one of the following sources.
a) A many-to-many relationship set

b) A multivalued attribute of an entity set

c) A one-to-many relationship set

d) Both A many-to-many relationship set and A multivalued attribute of an entity set

View Answer

17. Which of the following has each related entity set has its own schema and there is an additional
schema for the relationship set?

a) A many-to-many relationship set

b) A multivalued attribute of an entity set

c) A one-to-many relationship set

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

18. In which of the following , a separate schema is created consisting of that attribute and the primary
key of the entity set.

a) A many-to-many relationship set

b) A multivalued attribute of an entity set

c) A one-to-many relationship set

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

19. Fifth Normal form is concerned with

a) Functional dependency

b) Multivalued dependency

c) Join dependency

d) Domain-key
View Answer

20. In 2NF

a) No functional dependencies (FDs) exist

b) No multivalued dependencies (MVDs) exist

c) No partial FDs exist

d) No partial MVDs exist

View Answer

21. We can use the following three rules to find logically implied functional dependencies. This collection
of rules is called

a) Axioms

b) Armstrong‟s axioms

c) Armstrong

d) Closure

View Answer

22. Which of the following is not a Armstrong‟s Axiom ?

a) Reflexivity rule

b) Transitivity rule

c) Pseudotransitivity rule

d) Augmentation rule

View Answer

23. The relation employee(ID,name,street,Credit,street,city,salary) is decomposed into

employee1 (ID, name)

employee2 (name, street, city, salary)

This type of decomposition is called

a) Lossless decomposition

b) Lossless-join decomposition

c) Both a and b

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

24. Inst_dept (ID, name, salary, dept name, building, budget) is decomposed into

instructor (ID, name, dept name, salary)

department (dept name, building, budget)

This comes under

a) Lossy-join decomposition

b) Lossy decomposition

c) Lossless-join decomposition

d) Both a and b

View Answer

25. There are two functional dependencies with the same set of attributes on the left side of the arrow:

A->BC

A->B

This can be combined as

a) A->BC

b) A->B

c) B->C
d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

26. Consider a relation R(A,B,C,D,E) with the following functional dependencies:

ABC -> DE and

D -> AB

The number of superkeys of R is:

a) 2

b) 7

c) 10

d) 12

View Answer

27. Suppose we wish to find the ID‟s of the employees that are managed by people who are managed by
the employee with ID 123. Here are two possible queries:

I.SELECT ee.empID

FROM Emps ee, Emps ff

WHERE ee.mgrID = ff.empID AND ff.mgrID = 123;

II.SELECT empID

FROM Emps

WHERE mgrID IN

(SELECT empID FROM Emps WHERE mgrID = 123);

Which, if any, of the two queries above will correctly (in SQL2) get the desired set of employee ID‟s?

a) Both I and II

b) I only
c) II only

d) Neither I nor I

View Answer

28. Suppose relation R(A,B) currently has tuples {(1,2), (1,3), (3,4)} and relation S(B,C) currently has
{(2,5), (4,6), (7,8)}. Then the number of tuples in the result of the SQL query:

<i>SELECT *

FROM R NATURAL OUTER JOIN S; </i>IS:

a) 2

b) 4

c) 6

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

29. Suppose now that R(A,B) and S(A,B) are two relations with r and s tuples, respectively (again, not
necessarily distinct). If m is the number of (not necessarily distinct) tuples in the result of the SQL query:

R intersect S;

Then which of the following is the most restrictive, correct condition on the value of m?

(a) m = min(r,s)

(b) 0 <= m <= r + s

(c) min(r,s) <= m <= max(r,s)

(d) 0 <= m <= min(r,s)

View Answer
30. Suppose relation R(A,B,C,D,E) has the following functional dependencies:

A -> B

B -> C

BC -> A

A -> D

E -> A

D -> E

Which of the following is not a key?

a) A

b) E

c) B,C

d) D

View Answer

31. A relation is in ____________ if an attribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of other

composite key.

a) 2NF

b) 3NF

c) BCNF

d) 1NF

View Answer

32. What are the desirable properties of a decomposition

a) Partition constraint

b) Dependency preservation

c) Redundancy
d) Security

View Answer

33. R (A,B,C,D) is a relation. Which of the following does not have a lossless join dependency preserving
BCNF decomposition.

a) A->#B, B->#CD

b) A->B, B->C, C->D

c) AB->C, C->AD

d) A->BCD

View Answer

Class (course id, title, dept name, credits, sec id, semester, YEAR, building, room NUMBER, capacity,
TIME slot id)

The SET OF functional dependencies that we require TO hold ON class are:

course id->title, dept name, credits

building, room number->capacity

course id, sec id, semester, year->building, room NUMBER, TIME slot id

A candidate KEY FOR this schema IS {course id, sec id, semester, YEAR}

34. Consider the above conditions. Which of the following relation holds ?

a) Course id-> title, dept name, credits

b) Title-> dept name, credits

c) Dept name-> credits

d) Cannot be determined

View Answer

35. The algorithm that takes a set of dependencies and adds one schema at a time, instead of decomposing
the initial schema repeatedly is

a) BCNF algorithm
b) 2NF algorithm

c) 3NF synthesis algorithm

d) 1NF algorithm

View Answer

36. The functional dependency can be tested easily on the materialized view, using the constraints
____________.

a) Primary key

b) Null

c) Unique

d) Both Null and Unique

View Answer

37. Which normal form is considered adequate for normal relational database design?

a) 2NF

b) 5NF

c) 4NF

d) 3NF

View Answer

38. Relation R with an associated set of functional dependencies, F, is decomposed into BCNF. The
redundancy (arising out of functional dependencies) in the resulting set of relations is

a) Zero

b) More than zero but less than that of an equivalent 3NF decomposition

c) Proportional to the size of F+

d) Indeterminate

View Answer
39. A table has fields F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5, with the following functional dependencies:

F1->F3

F2->F4

(F1,F2)->F5

in terms of normalization, this table is in

a) 1NF

b) 2NF

c) 3NF

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

40. Let R(A,B,C,D,E,P,G) be a relational schema in which the following FDs are known to hold:

AB->CD

DE->P

C->E

P->C

B->G

The relation schema R is

a) in BCNF

b) in 3NF, but not in BCNF

c) in 2NF, but not in 3NF

d) not in 2NF

View Answer
 UNIT-IV

1. Consider money is transferred from (1)account-A to account-B and (2) account-B to account-A. Which
of the following form a transaction ?

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2 individually

d) Either 1 or 2

View Answer

2. A transaction is delimited by statements (or function calls) of the form __________

a) Begin transaction and end transaction

b) Start transaction and stop transaction

c) Get transaction and post transaction

d) Read transaction and write transaction

View Answer

3. Identify the characteristics of transactions

a) Atomicity

b) Durability

c) Isolation

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

4. Which of the following has “all-or-none” property ?

a) Atomicity

b) Durability
c) Isolation

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

5. The database system must take special actions to ensure that transactions operate properly without
interference from concurrently executing database statements. This property is referred to as

a) Atomicity

b) Durability

c) Isolation

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

6. The property of transaction that persists all the crashes is

a) Atomicity

b) Durability

c) Isolation

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

7. __________ states that only valid data will be written to the database.

a) Consistency

b) Atomicity

c) Durability

d) Isolation

View Answer

8. Transaction processing is associated with everything below except

a) Producing detail summary or exception reports

b) Recording a business activity

c) Confirming a action or triggering a response

d) Maintaining a data

View Answer

9. The Oracle RDBMS uses the ____ statement to declare a new transaction start and its properties.

a) BEGIN

b) SET TRANSACTION

c) BEGIN TRANSACTION

d) COMMIT

View Answer

10. ____ means that the data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second
transaction until the first one is completed.

a) Consistency

b) Atomicity

c) Durability

d) Isolation

View Answer

11. A transaction may not always complete its execution successfully. Such a transaction is termed

a) Aborted

b) Terminated

c) Closed

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer
12. If an transaction is performed in a database and committed, the changes are taken to the previous state
of transaction by

a) Flashback

b) Rollback

c) Both Flashback and Rollback

d) Cannot be done

View Answer

13. Each modification done in database transaction are first recorded into the

a) Harddrive

b) Log

c) Disk

d) Datamart

View Answer

14. When the transaction finishes the final statement the transaction enters into

a) Active state

b) Committed state

c) Partially committed state

d) Abort state

View Answer

15. The name of the transaction file shall be provided by the operator and the file that contains the edited
transactions ready for execution shall be called

a) Batch. Exe

b) Trans. Exe
c) Opt. Exe

d) Edit.Exe

View Answer

16. Which of the following is an atomic sequence of database actions?

a) Transaction

b) Concurrency

c) Relations

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

17. If the state of the database no longer reflects a real state of the world that the database is supposed to
capture, then such a state is called

a) Consistent state

b) Parallel state

c) Atomic state

d) Inconsistent state

View Answer

18. _______ means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second
transaction until the first one is completed.

a) Serializability

b) Atomicity

c) Isolation

d) Time stamping

View Answer
19. DBMS periodically suspends all processing and synchronizes its files and journals through the use of

a) Checkpoint facility

b) Backup facility

c) Recovery manager

d) Database change log

View Answer

20. Which of the following is not a state in transaction ?

a) Active

b) Terminated

c) Aborted

d) Partially committed

View Answer

21. In order to maintain transactional integrity and database consistency, what technology does a DBMS
deploy?

a) Triggers

b) Pointers

c) Locks

d) Cursors

View Answer

22. A lock that allows concurrent transactions to access different rows of the same table is known as a

a) Database-level lock

b) Table-level lock

c) Page-level lock

d) Row-level lock
View Answer

23. Which of the following are introduced to reduce the overheads caused by the log-based recovery?

a) Checkpoints

b) Indices

c) Deadlocks

d) Locks

View Answer

24. Which of the following protocols ensures conflict serializability and safety from deadlocks?

a) Two-phase locking protocol

b) Time-stamp ordering protocol

c) Graph based protocol

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

25. Which of the following is the block that is not permitted to be written back to the disk?

a) Dead code

b) Read only

c) Pinned

d) Zapped

View Answer

26. If transaction Ti gets an explicit lock on the file Fc in exclusive mode, then it has an __________ on
all the records belonging to that file.

a) Explicit lock in exclusive mode

b) Implicit lock in shared mode

c) Explicit lock in shared mode

d) Implicit lock in exclusive mode

View Answer

27. Which refers to a property of computer to run several operation simultaneously and possible as
computers await response of each other

a) Concurrency

b) Deadlock

c) Backup

d) Recovery

View Answer

28. All lock information is managed by a __________ which is responsible for assigning and policing the
locks used by the transactions.

a) Scheduler

b) DBMS

c) Lock manager

d) Locking agent

View Answer

29. The ____ lock allows concurrent transactions to access the same row as long as they require the use of
different fields within that row.

a) Table-level

b) Page-level

c) Row-level

d) Field-level

View Answer
30. Which of the following is a procedure for acquiring the necessary locks for a transaction where all
necessary locks are acquired before any are released?

a) Record controller

b) Exclusive lock

c) Authorization rule

d) Two phase lock

View Answer

31. The log is a sequence of _________ recording all the update activities in the database.

a) Log records

b) Records

c) Entries

d) Redo

View Answer

32. In the ___________ scheme, a transaction that wants to update the database first creates a complete
copy of the database.

a) Shadow copy

b) Shadow Paging

c) Update log records

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

33. The ____________ scheme uses a page table containing pointers to all pages; the page table itself and
all updated pages are copied to a new location.

a) Shadow copy

b) Shadow Paging

c) Update log records

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

34. The current copy of the database is identified by a pointer, called ____________ which is stored on
disk.

a) Db-pointer

b) Update log

c) Update log records

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

35. If a transaction does not modify the database until it has committed, it is said to use the ___________
technique.

a) Deferred-modification

b) Late-modification

c) Immediate-modification

d) Undo

View Answer

36. If database modifications occur while the transaction is still active, the transaction is said to use the
___________technique.

a) Deferred-modification

b) Late-modification

c) Immediate-modification

d) Undo

View Answer

37. ____________ using a log record sets the data item specified in the log record to the old value.
a) Deferred-modification

b) Late-modification

c) Immediate-modification

d) Undo

View Answer

38. In the __________ phase, the system replays updates of all transactions by scanning the log forward
from the last checkpoint.

a) Repeating

b) Redo

c) Replay

d) Undo

View Answer

39. The actions which are played in the order while recording it is called ______________ history.

a) Repeating

b) Redo

c) Replay

d) Undo

View Answer

40. A special redo-only log record <Ti , Xj , V1> is written to the log, where V1 is the value being
restored to data item Xj during the rollback. These log records are sometimes called

a) Log records

b) Records

c) Compensation log records

d) Compensation redo records

View Answer

UNIT-V

1. Which level of RAID refers to disk mirroring with block striping?

a) RAID level 1

b) RAID level 2

c) RAID level 0

d) RAID level 3

View Answer

2. Optical disk technology uses

a) Helical scanning

b) DAT

c) A laser beam

d) RAID

View Answer

3. With multiple disks, we can improve the transfer rate as well by ___________ data across multiple
disks.

a) Striping

b) Dividing

c) Mirroring

d) Dividing

View Answer

4. Which one of the following is a Stripping technique ?

a) Byte level stripping

b) Raid level stripping

c) Disk level stripping

d) Block level stripping

View Answer

5. The RAID level which mirroring is done along with stripping is

a) RAID 1+0

b) RAID 0

c) RAID 2

d) Both RAID 1+0 and RAID 0

View Answer

6. Where performance and reliability are both important, RAID level ____ is used.

a) 0

b) 1

c) 2

d) 0+1

View Answer

7. ______________ partitiones data and parity among all N+1 disks, instead of storing data in N-disks
and parity in one disk.

a) Block interleaved parity

b) Block interleaved distributed parity

c) Bit parity

d) Bit interleaved parity

View Answer
8. Hardware RAID implementations permit _________ that is, faulty disks can be removed and replaced
by new ones without turning power off.

a) Scrapping

b) Swapping

c) Hot swapping

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

9. ___________ is popular for applications such as storage of log files in a database system, since it offers
the best write performance.

a) RAID level 1

b) RAID level 2

c) RAID level 0

d) RAID level 3

View Answer

10. ______________ which increases the number of I/O operations needed to write a single logical block,
pays a significant time penalty in terms of write performance.

a) RAID level 1

b) RAID level 2

c) RAID level 5

d) RAID level 3

View Answer

11. A(n) _________ can be used to preserve the integrity of a document or a message.

a) Message digest

b) Message summary

c) Encrypted message
d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

12. A hash function must meet ________ criteria.

a) Two

b) Three

c) Four

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

13. What is the main limitation of Hierarchical Databases?

a) Limited capacity (unable to hold much data)

b) Limited flexibility in accessing data

c) Overhead associated with maintaining indexes

d) The performance of the database is poor

View Answer

14. The property (or set of properties) that uniquely defines each row in a table is called the:

a) Identifier

b) Index

c) Primary key

d) Symmetric key

View Answer

15. The separation of the data definition from the program is known as:

a) Data dictionary
b) Data independence

c) Data integrity

d) Referential integrity

View Answer

16. In the client / server model, the database:

a) Is downloaded to the client upon request

b) Is shared by both the client and server

c) Resides on the client side

d) Resides on the server side

View Answer

17. The traditional storage of data that is organized by customer, stored in separate folders in filing
cabinets is an example of what type of „database‟ system?

a) Hierarchical

b) Network

c) Object oriented

d) Relational

View Answer

18. The database design that consists of multiple tables that are linked together through matching data
stored in each table is called

a) Hierarchical database

b) Network database

c) Object oriented database

d) Relational database

View Answer
19. The association role defines:

a) How tables are related in the database

b) The relationship between the class diagram and the tables in the database

c) The tables that each attribute is contained

d) Which attribute is the table‟s primary key

View Answer

20. The purpose of an N-Ary association is:

a) To capture a parent-child relationship

b) To deal with one to many relationships

c) To deal with relationships that involve more than two tables

d) To represent an inheritance relationship

View Answer

21. If h is any hashing function and is used to hash n keys in to a table of size m, where n<=m, the
expected number of collisions involving a particular key x is :

a) Less than 1

b) Less than n

c) Less than m

d) Less than n/2

View Answer

22. A technique for direct search is

a) Binary Search

b) Linear Search

c) Tree Search

d) Hashing
View Answer

23. The searching technique that takes O (1) time to find a data is

a) Linear Search

b) Binary Search

c) Hashing

d) Tree Search

View Answer

24. The goal of hashing is to produce a search that takes

a) O(1) time

b) O(n2 )time

c) O(log n ) time

d) O(n log n ) time

View Answer

25. Consider a hash table of size seven, with starting index zero, and a hash function (3x + 4)mod7.
Assuming the hash table is initially empty, which of the following is the contents of the table when the
sequence 1, 3, 8, 10 is inserted into the table using closed hashing? Note that „_‟ denotes an empty
location in the table.

a) 8, _, _, _, _, _, 10

b) 1, 8, 10, _, _, _, 3

c) 1, _, _, _, _, _,3

d) 1, 10, 8, _, _, _, 3

View Answer
26. A hash table can store a maximum of 10 records, currently there are records in location 1,
3,4,7,8,9,10. The probability of a new record going into location 2, with hash functions resolving
collisions by linear probing is

a) 0.1

b) 0.6

c) 0.2

d) 0.5

View Answer

27. Key value pairs is usually seen in

a) Hash tables

b) Heaps

c) Both Hash tables and Heaps

d) Skip list

View Answer

28. What is the best definition of a collision in a hash table?

a) Two entries are identical except for their keys

b) Two entries with different data have the exact same key

c) Two entries with different keys have the same exact hash value

d) Two entries with the exact same key have different hash values

View Answer

29. Which of the following scenarios leads to linear running time for a random search hit in a linear-
probing hash table?

a) All keys hash to same index

B) All keys hash to different indices

c) All keys hash to an even-numbered index

d) All keys hash to different even-numbered indices

View Answer

30. Breadth First Search is used in

a) Binary trees

b) Stacks

c) Graphs

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

31. ARIES uses a ___________ to identify log records, and stores it in database pages.

a) Log sequence number

b) Log number

c) Lock number

d) Sequence

View Answer

32. ARIES supports ___________ operations, which are physical in that the affected page is physically
identified, but can be logical within the page.

a) Physiological redo

b) Physiological undo

c) Logical redo

d) Logical undo

View Answer

33. ______________ is used to minimize unnecessary redos during recovery.

a) Dirty page table

b) Page table

c) Dirty redo

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

34. __________ scheme that records only information about dirty pages and associated information and
does not even require of writing dirty pages to disk.

a) Fuzzy logic

b) Checkpoints

c) Fuzzy-checkpoint

d) Logical checkpoint

View Answer

35. Whenever an update operation occurs on a page, the operation stores the LSN of its log record in the
_______ field of the page.

a) LSN

b) ReadLSN

c) PageLSN

d) RedoLSN

View Answer

36. There are special redo-only log records generated during transaction rollback, called _________ in
ARIES.

a) Compensation log records

b) Read log records

c) Page log records

d) Redo log records

View Answer
37. The __________________ contains a list of pages that have been updated in the database buffer.

a) Dirty page table

b) Page table

c) Dirty redo

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

38. ___________ determines which transactions to undo,which pages were dirty at the time of the crash,
and the LSN from which the redo pass should start.

a) Analysis pass

b) Redo pass

c) Undo pass

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

39. __________ starts from a position determined during analysis, and performs a redo, repeating history,
to bring the database to a state it was in before the crash.

a) Analysis pass

b) Redo pass

c) Undo pass

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

40. ______________ rolls back all transactions that were incomplete at the time of crash.

a) Analysis pass

b) Redo pass
c) Undo pass

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

41. If a piece of data is stored in two places in the database, then

a) Storage space is wasted

b) Changing the data in one spot will cause data inconsistency

c) In can be more easily accessed

d) Storage space is wasted & Changing the data in one spot will cause data inconsistency

View Answer

42. An audit trail ___________

a) Is used to make backup copies

b) Is the recorded history of operations performed on a file

c) Can be used to restore lost information

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

43. Large collection of files are called ____________

a) Fields

b) Records

c) Database

d) Sectors

View Answer

44. Which of the following hardware component is the most important to the operation of database
management system?
a) High resolution video display

b) Printer

c) High speed, large capacity disk

d) Mouse

View Answer

45. Which of the following is not true of the traditional approach to information processing

a) There is common sharing of data among the various applications

b) It is file oriented

c) Programs are dependent on the file

d) It is inflexible

View Answer

46. Which of these is not a feature of Hierarchical model?

a) Organizes the data in tree-like structure

b) Parent node can have any number of child nodes

c) Root node does not have any parent

d) Child node can have any number of parent nodes

View Answer

47. Which of these data models is an extension of relational data model?

a) Object-oriented data model

b) Object-relational data model

c) Semi structured data model

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
48. The information about data in a database is called _______

a) Metadata

b) Hyper data

c) Tera data

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

49. A data dictionary is a special file that contains?

a) The names of all fields in all files

b) The data types of all fields in all files

c) The widths of all fields in all files

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

50. The DBMS acts as an interface between what two components of an enterprise-class database system?

a) Database application and the database

b) Data and the database

c) The user and the database application

d) Database application and SQL

View Ans