Factoriales
Factoriales
Exercises.
Simplify the ratios in #1-4 below:
(n + 1)! (n + 1)n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... (3)(2)(1)
1. = = (n + 1)n
(n − 1)! (n − 1)(n − 2) ... (3)(2)(1)
2.
(n + 1)! (n + 1)n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... (3)(2)(1)
= =
(2n − 1)! (2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n − 1)(n − 2) ... (3)(2)(1)
1
(2n-1)(2n-2) ... (n+2)
3.
(3n)! (3n)(3n − 1)(3n − 2) ... (2n+1)(2n)(2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n-1) ... (3)(2)(1)
=
(2n)!n! [(2n)(2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n − 1)(n − 2) ... (3)(2)(1)][(n)(n-1) ... (3)(2)(1)]
(3n)(3n − 1)(3n − 2) ... (2n+1) 3 (3n − 1) (3n − 2) (2n + 3) (2n + 2) (2n + 1)
= = ...
[(n)(n-1) ... (3)(2)(1)] 1 (n-1) (n − 2) 3 2 1
4.
(4n)! ( 4 n )( 4 n − 1) ... ( 3n + 1)( 3n )( 3n − 1)( 3n − 2 ) ... (2n+1)(2n)(2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n-1) ... ( 3)(2 )(1)
2
=
[(2n)!] [(2n)(2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n − 1)(n − 2 ) ... ( 3)(2 )(1)][(2n)(2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n − 1)(n − 2 ) ... ( 3)(2 )(1)]
n → ∞.
5. For each of the above four ratios, determine the limit, as
(n + 1)! (n + 1)n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... (3)(2)(1)
lim = lim = lim (n + 1)n = ∞
n→∞ (n − 1)! n→∞ (n − 1)(n − 2) ... (3)(2)(1) n→∞
(n + 1)! (n + 1)n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... (3)(2)(1)
lim = lim =
n→∞ (2n − 1)! n→∞ (2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n − 1)(n − 2) ... (3)(2)(1)
1
lim =0
n→∞ (2n-1)(2n-2) ... (n+2)
(4n)! ( 4 n )( 4 n − 1) ... ( 3n + 1)( 3n )( 3n − 1)( 3n − 2 ) ... (2n+1)(2n)(2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n-1) ... ( 3)(2 )(1)
lim 2
= lim
n→∞ [(2n)!] n→∞
[(2n)(2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n − 1)(n − 2 ) ... ( 3)(2 )(1)][(2n)(2n-1) ... (n+1)(n)(n − 1)(n − 2 ) ... ( 3)(2 )(1)]
4 ( 4 n − 1) ( 3 n + 1) ( 3 n ) ( 2 n + 3 ) ( 2 n + 2 ) ( 2 n + 1)
lim ... ... =∞
n→∞
2 (2n-1) ( n + 1) (n) 3 2 1