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TRANSFORMATIONS
C+D C−D
1. sin C + sin D = 2sin . cos .
2 2
C+D C−D
2. sin C – sin D = 2cos . sin .
2 2
C+D C−D
3. cos C + cos D = 2cos . cos .
2 2
C+D D−C
4. cos C – cos D = 2sin . sin .
2 2
5. 2sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A – B)
6. 2cos A sin B = sin(A + B) – sin(A – B)
7. 2cos A cos B = cos(A + B) + cos(A – B)
8. 2sin A sin B = cos(A – B) – cos(A + B)
(or)
cos(A – B) – cos(A + B) = 2 sin A sin B.
sin A + sin B A+B
9. = tan( ).
sin A − sin B 2

10. If sin A + sin B = x, and cos A + cos B = y. Then

A+B x
i) tan( )=
2 y
2xy
ii) sin(A + B) =
y2 + x 2
y2 − x 2
iii) cos(A + B) =
y2 + x 2
2xy
iv) tan(A + B) =
y2 − x 2

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VSAQ’S
1. Prove that sin 500 − sin 700 + sin100 = 0
Solution:
⎛ 500 + 700 ⎞ ⎛ 500 − 700 ⎞
sin 500 − sin 700 + sin100 = 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ + sin10
0

⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
= 2 cos 60 sin ( −10 ) + sin10
0 0 0

1
=− 2 × sin100 + sin100 = − sin100 + sin100 = 0
2

sin 700 − cos 400 1

2. Prove that =
cos 50 − sin 20
0 0
3
sin 700 − cos 400 sin 700 − sin 500 2 cos 600.sin100 1
= = =
cos 50 − sin 20
0 0
cos 50 − cos 70
0 0 0
2 sin 60 .sin10 0
3

3. Prove that cos 55° + cos 65° + cos 175° = 0

Sol. cos 55° + cos 65° + cos 175°
⎛ 55° + 65° ⎞ ⎛ 55° − 65° ⎞
= 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
+ cos(180° − 5°)
= 2 cos 60° cos(−5°) − cos 5°
1
= 2 × cos 5° − cos 5° = 0
2

3 +1
4. Prove that cos 20° cos 40° − sin 5° sin 25° = .
4
Sol. cos 20° cos 40° − sin 5° sin 25°
1
= [2 cos 40° cos 20° − 2sin 25° sin 5°]
2
1
= [cos(40° + 20°) + cos(40° − 20°)
2
+ cos(25° + 5°) − cos(25° − 5°)]
1
= [cos 60° + cos 20° + cos 30° − cos 20°]
2
1
= [cos 60° + cos 30°]
2
1 ⎡1 3⎤ 3 +1
= ⎢ + ⎥=
2 ⎣2 2 ⎦ 4

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5. Prove that 4 {cos 660 + sin 840 } = 3 + 5
Solution:
{ } { }{
4 cos 660 + sin 800 = 4 cos 660 + cos 660 ∵ sin 840 = cos 660 }
⎛ 5 + 1⎞ 3
{ }
= 4 2 cos 360. cos 300 = 8 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 3 + 15
⎝ 4 ⎠ 2

3+ 5
6. Prove that cos 480 cos120 =
8
Solution:
cos 480 cos120 =
1
2
{ 1
} {
2 cos 480 + cos120 = cos 600 + cos 360
2
}
1 ⎪⎧ 1 5 + 1 ⎪⎫ 2 + 5 + 1 5+3
⎨ + ⎬= =
2 ⎪⎩ 2 4 ⎭⎪ 8 8

1
7. Prove that sin 2 (α − 45°) + sin 2 (α + 15°) − sin 2 (α − 15°) = .
2
Sol. sin 2 (α − 45°) + sin 2 (α + 15°) − sin 2 (α − 15°)
= sin 2 (α − 45°) + sin 2 (α + 15° + α − 15°) ⋅
sin(α + 15 − α + 15)
= sin 2 (α − 45°) + sin 2α ⋅ sin 30°
1 − cos(2α − 90°) sin 2α
= +
2 2
1 − sin 2α + sin 2α 1
= =
2 2

8. Prove that cos θ + cos (1200 + θ ) + cos ( 2400 + θ ) = 0

Solution:
⎛ 1200 θ + 2400 + θ ⎞
( ) ( )
cos θ + cos 1200 − θ + cos 2400 − θ = cos θ + 2 cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 120 + θ − 240 θ ⎞
0 0
cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
= cos θ + 2 cos (1800 + θ ) − cos ( 600 ) = cos θ − 2 cos θ ×
1
2
= cos θ − cos θ = 0

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1 1
9. If sin x + sin y = and cos x + cos y = , then show that
4 3
⎛x+y⎞ 3 7
(i) tan ⎜ ⎟ = , (ii) cot(x + y) = .
⎝ 2 ⎠ 4 24
1
Sol. i) sin x + sin y = …(1)
4
1
cos x + cos y = …(2)
3
⎛x+y⎞ ⎛x−y⎞ 1
(1) ⇒ 2sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ = ...(3)
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 4
⎛x+y⎞ ⎛x−y⎞ 1
(2) ⇒ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ = ...(4)
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 3
(3)
Dividing , we get
(4)
⎛x+y⎞ ⎛x−y⎞
2sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ = 1×3
⎛x+y⎞ ⎛x−y⎞ 4 1
2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛x+y⎞ 3
tan ⎜ ⎟=
⎝ 2 ⎠ 4
⎛x+y⎞ 3
ii) Let tan ⎜ ⎟= =t
⎝ 2 ⎠ 4
⎛3⎞
2⎜ ⎟
= ⎝ ⎠=
2t 4 24
tan(x + y) =
1− t 2
1−
9 7
16
1 7
∴ cot(x + y) = =
tan(x + y) 24

10. If sin x + sin y = a and cos x + cos y = b find the values of

⎛x+ y⎞ ⎛x− y⎞
(i) tan ⎜ ⎟ (ii) sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
Solution:
⎛x+ y⎞ ⎛ x− y ⎞
2sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
sin x + sin y a ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠=a
= ⇒
cos x + cos y b ⎛x+ y⎞ ⎛x− y⎞ b
2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛x+ y⎞ a
tan ⎜ ⎟=
⎝ 2 ⎠ b
( sin x + sin y ) + ( cos x + cos y ) = a 2 + b 2
2 2

sin 2 x + sin 2 y + 2sin x sin y + cos2 x + cos2 y + 2cos x cos y = a 2 + b2

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( sin 2 x + cos2 x ) + ( sin 2 y + cos2 y ) + 2 {cos x cos y + sin x + sin y} = a 2 + b2
a 2 + b2 − 2
1 + 1 + 2 cos ( x − y ) = a 2 + b 2 ⇒ cos ( x − y ) =
2
⎛x− y⎞ − cos ( x − y )
sin 2 ⎜
⎝ 2
⎟= 1
⎠ 2
=± (4 − a − b ) / 4
2 2

1 − cos A + cos B − cos ( A + B ) A B

11. Prove that = tan cot
1 + cos A − cos B− cos ( A+ B ) 2 2
Solution:
1 − cos A + cos B − cos ( A +B ) {1 − cos ( A + B ) − {cos A − cos B}}
=
1 + cos A − cos B − cos ( A + B ) {1 − cos ( A +B ) + {cos A − cos B}}

⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A − B ⎞ 2sin ⎛ A + B ⎞ ⎧sin ⎛ A + B ⎞ + sin 2 ⎛ A + B ⎞ ⎫

2sin 2 ⎜ ⎟ + 2sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟⎨ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟⎬
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠= ⎝ ⎠⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎭
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A −B ⎞ ⎛ A + B ⎞ ⎧ ⎛ A +B ⎞ ⎛ A − B ⎞⎫
2sin 2 ⎜ ⎟ − 2 sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ 2sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎨sin ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎜ ⎟⎬
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎭
A B
2sin cos
2 2 = tan A cot B
A B 2 2
2 cos sin
2 2

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SAQ’S

12. If neither (A – 15°) nor (A – 75°) is an integral multiple of 180°, prove that
4 cos 2A
cot(15° – A) + tan(15° + A) = .
1 − 2sin 2A
cos(15° − A) sin(15° + A)
Sol. cot(15° – A) + tan(15° + A) = +
sin(15° − A) cos(15° + A)
cos(15° − A) cos(15° + A) + sin(15° + A) sin(15° − A)
=
sin(15° − A) cos(15° + A)
2 ⎡⎣(cos 2 A − sin 2 15°) + sin 2 (15° − sin 2 A) ⎤⎦
=
[ 2 cos(15° + A) sin(15° − A)]
2(cos 2 A − sin 2 A)
=
sin(15° + A + 15° − A) − sin(15° + A − 15° + A)
2(cos 2 A − sin 2 A)
=
sin 30° − sin 2A
2 cos 2A 4 cos 2A
= =
− sin 2A 1 − 2sin 2A
1
2

13. Prove that 4 cos12° cos 48° cos 72° = cos 36° .
Sol. 4 cos12° cos 48° cos 72°
= (2 cos 48° cos12°)(2 cos 72°)
= [cos(48 + 12) + cos(48 − 12)]2 cos 72°
= [cos 60° + cos 36°]2 cos 72°
= 2 cos 60° cos 72° + 2 cos 36° cos 72°
1
= 2 × cos 72° + cos(72° + 36°) + cos(72° − 36°)
2
= cos 72° + cos108° + cos 36°
= cos(90° − 18°) + cos(90° + 18°) + cos 36°
= sin18° − sin18° + cos 36°
= cos 36°

14. Prove that sin10° + sin 20° + sin 40° + sin 50° = sin 70° + sin 80°
Sol. sin10° + sin 20° + sin 40° + sin 50°
⎛ 10° + 20° ⎞ ⎛ 10° − 20° ⎞ ⎛ 40° + 50° ⎞ ⎛ 40° − 50° ⎞
= 2sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ + 2sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
= 2sin15° cos 5° + 2sin 45° cos 5°
= 2 cos 5°[sin15° + cos 45°]
⎡ ⎛ 15° + 45° ⎞ ⎛ 15° − 45° ⎞ ⎤
= 2 cos 5° ⎢ 2sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦

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= 2 cos 5°[2sin 30° cos15°]
1
= 4 cos 5° ⋅ cos15° = 2 cos15° cos 5°
2
= cos(15 + 5) + cos(15 − 5) = cos 20° + cos10°
= cos(90° − 70°) + cos(90° − 10°)
= sin 70° + sin 80°

15. If none of the denominators is zero, prove that

⎧ n ⎛A−B⎞
⎪2 ⋅ cot ⎜
n n
⎡ cos A + cos B ⎤ ⎡ sin A + sin B ⎤ ⎟ , if n is even .
⎢⎣ sin A − sin B ⎥⎦ + ⎢⎣ cos A − cos B ⎥⎦ = ⎨ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎪0, if n is odd
⎩
n n n
⎡ cos A + cos B ⎤ ⎡ sin A + sin B ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ A+B⎞ ⎛ A − B ⎞⎤ ⎡ ⎛ A+B⎞ ⎛ A−B⎞ ⎤
⎢⎣ sin A − sin B ⎥⎦ + ⎢⎣ cos A − cos B ⎥⎦
Sol. ⎢ 2 cos ⎜ 2 ⎟ cos ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎥ ⎢ 2sin ⎜ 2 ⎟ cos ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎥
=⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥ +⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎥
⎢ 2 cos ⎛ A + B ⎞ sin ⎛ A − B ⎞ ⎥ ⎢ −2sin ⎛ A + B ⎞ sin ⎛ A − B ⎞ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦

⎛ A−B⎞ n ⎛A−B⎞
= cot n ⎜ ⎟ + (−1) cot ⎜
n
⎟=0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
if n is odd, since (–1)n = –1
⎛A−B⎞
= 2 cot n ⎜ n
⎟ if n is even, since (–1) =1
⎝ 2 ⎠
4 2
16. If cos x + cos y = and cos x − cos y = then find the value of
5 7
⎛ x − y ⎞ ⎛ x + y ⎞
14 tan ⎜ ⎟ + 5 cot ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Solution:
⎛4⎞ ⎛ x+ y ⎞ ⎛x− y⎞
⎜ ⎟ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
cos x + cos y ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
2
⎝ 2 ⎠ = 4 × 7
= ⇒
cos x − cos y ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛x+ y⎞ ⎛x− y⎞ 5 2
⎜ ⎟ −2sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝5⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛x+ y⎞
− cot ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ = 14 ⇒ − 5cot ⎛ x − y ⎞ = 14 tan ⎛ x− y ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎛x− y⎞ 5 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
tan ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛x− y⎞ ⎛x+ y⎞
14 tan ⎜ ⎟ + 5 cot ⎜ ⎟=0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

17. If sec (θ + α ) + sec (θ − α ) = 2sec θ and cos α ≠ 1 then show that

α
cos θ = ± 2cos
2
Solution:
sec (θ + α ) + sec (θ − α ) = 2sec θ
1 1 2 cos (θ − α ) + cos (θ + α ) 2
+ = ⇒ =
cos (θ + α ) cos (θ − α ) cos θ cos (θ − α ) cos (θ + α ) cos θ

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( 2 cos θ cos α ) cos θ = 2 {cos 2 θ − sin 2 α }
cos 2 θ cos α = cos 2 θ − sin 2 α ⇒ sin 2 α = cos 2 θ (1 − cos α )
(1 − cos α ) (1 + cos α ) α
cos 2 θ = ⇒ cos θ = ± 2 cos
(1 − cos α ) 2

18. If sin A = sin B and cos A = cos B, then prove that A = 2nπ + B for some
integer n.
Sol. sin A = sin B and cos A = cos B
⇒ sin A − sin B = 0 and cos A − cos B = 0
⎛A+B⎞ ⎛A−B⎞
⇒ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ = 0 and
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛A+B⎞ ⎛A−B⎞
−2sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟=0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛A−B⎞ ⎛A−B⎞
⇒ sin ⎜ ⎟ = 0 and sin ⎜ ⎟=0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
A−B
⇒ = nπ
2
⇒ A − B = 2nπ ⇒ A = 2nπ + B (n ∈ Z)

α
19. If cos nα ≠ 0 and cos ≠ 0 , then show that
2
sin(n + 1)α − sin(n − 1)α α
= tan
cos(n + 1)α + 2 cos nα + cos(n − 1)α 2
α
Sol. Let cos nα ≠ 0 and cos ≠ 0 then
2
cos(n + 1)α + 2 cos nα + cos(n − 1)α = cos(nα + α) + cos(nα − α) + 2 cos nα
= 2 cos nα cos α + 2 cos nα
= 2 cos nα[1 + cos α]
α
= 4 cos 2 cos nα ≠ 0
2
sin(n + 1)α − sin(n − 1)α = sin(nα + α) − sin(nα − α)
= 2 cos nα sin α
α α
= 4 cos nα sin cos
2 2
sin(n + 1)α − sin(n − 1)α
∴
cos(n + 1)α + 2 cos nα + cos(n − 1)α
α α α
4 cos nα sin cos sin
= 2 2 = 2 = tan α
α α 2
4 cos 2 cos nα cos
2 2
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20. If none of x, y, z is an odd multiple of π/2 and if sin(y + z – x), sin(z + x – y),
sin(x + y – z) are in A.P., then prove that tan x, tan y, tan z are also in A.P.
Sol. sin(y + z – x), sin(z + x – y), sin(x + y – z) are in A.P.
⇒ sin(z + x − y) − sin(y + z − x) = sin(x + y − z) − sin(z + x − y)
⎛z+x−y+y+z−x ⎞ ⎛z+x−y−y−z+x ⎞
⇒ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ x+y−z+z+x−y⎞ ⎛ x+y−z−z−x+y⎞
= 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⇒ 2 cos z sin(x − y) = 2 cos x sin(y − z)
⇒ 2 cos z[sin x cos y − cos x sin y] = 2 cos x[sin y cos z − cos y sin z]

Dividing with cosx cosy cosz, we get

2 cos z[sin x cos y − cos x sin y] 2 cos x[sin y cos z − cos y sin z]
⇒ =
cos x cos y cos z cos x cos y cos z
sin x cos y cos x sin y sin y cos z cos y sin z
⇒ − = −
cos x cos y cos x cos y cos y cos z cos y cos z
sin x sin y sin y sin z
⇒ − = −
cos x cos y cos y cos z
⇒ tan x − tan y = tan y − tan z
⇒ tan x + tan z = 2 tan y

⇒ tan x, tan y, tan z are in A.P.

⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎛ 4π ⎞
21. If x cos θ = y cos ⎜ θ + ⎟ = z cos ⎜ θ + ⎟ for some θ ∈ R then show that
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
xy + yz + zx = 0
Solution:
⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎛ 4π ⎞
Let x cos θ = y cos ⎜ θ + ⎟ = z cos ⎜ θ + ⎟= k
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
k ⎛ 2π ⎞ k ⎛ 4π ⎞ k
cos θ = cos ⎜ θ + ⎟= : cos ⎜ θ + ⎟=
x ⎝ 3 ⎠ y ⎝ 3 ⎠ z
k k k ⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎛ 4π ⎞
+ + = cos θ + cos ⎜ θ + ⎟ + cos ⎜ θ + ⎟
x y 2 ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
k k k
+ + = 0 { Refer the problem (1) in short answer question)
x 4 2
xy + yz + zx = 0

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22. If neither A or A + B is an odd multiple of π/2 and if m sin B = n sin(2A + B)
then prove that (m+n) tan A = (m–n) tan (A+B).
Sol. Given m sin B = n sin(2A + B)
m sin(2A + B)
=
n sin B
By componendo and dividendo, we get
m + n sin(2A + B) + sin B
=
m − n sin(2A + B) − sin B
2sin(A + B) cos A
=
2 cos(A + B) sin A
m+n
= tan(A + B) cot A
m−n
(m + n)
= (m − n) tan(A + B)
cot A
(m + n) tan A = (m − n) tan(A + B)

23. If tan ( A + B ) = λ tan ( A − B ) then show that

( λ + 1) sin 2 B = ( λ − 1) sin 2 A
Solution:
tan ( A + B ) λ sin ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) λ
= ⇒ × =
tan ( A − B ) 1 cos ( A + B ) sin ( A + B ) 1
Using componedo and dividendo
sin ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + cos ( A + B ) . sin ( A − B ) λ +1
=
sin ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B ) sin ( A − B ) λ −1
sin 2 A λ + 1
= ⇒ ( λ − 1) sin 2 A = ( λ + 1) sin 2 B
sin 2 B λ− 1
LAQ’S

24. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle then prove that

(i) sin 2 A − sin 2 B + sin 2C = 4 cos A sin B cos C
(ii) cos 2 A − cos 2 B + cos 2C = 1 − 4 sin A cos B sin C
Solution :
(i) A + B + C = 1800 ⇒ A + B = 1800 − C sin ( A + B ) = sin C
C = 1800 − ( A + B ) sin C = sin ( A + B )
cos ( A + B ) = − cos C
sin 2 A − sin 2 B + sin 2C = 2 cos ( A + B ) sin ( A − B ) + 2sin C cos C
= − 2 cos C sin ( A + B ) + 2sin C cos C
= + 2 cos C ⎡⎣ − sin ( A − B ) + sin ( A + B ) ⎤⎦
= 2 cos C [ 2 cos A sin B ] = 4 cos A sin B cos C
(ii) cos 2 A − cos 2 B + cos 2C = − 2 sin ( A + B ) . sin ( A − B ) + 1 − 2sin 2 C
= 1 − 2sin C . sin ( A − B ) − 2sin 2 C

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= 1 − 2sin C {sin ( A − B ) + sin C}
= 1 − 2sin C {sin ( A + B ) + sin ( A + B )}
= 1 − 2sin C {2sin A cos B} = 1 − 2sin A cos B sin C
25. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle then prove that
(i) sin A + sin B − sin C = 4sin A / 2 sin B / 2 cos C / 2
A B C
(ii) cos A + cos B − cos C = − 1 + 4cos cos sin
2 2 2
Solution :
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A −B ⎞ C C
(i) sin A + sin B − sin C = 2 sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ − 2 sin cos
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 2
⎛ C⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞ C C
= sin ⎜ 900 − ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ − 2 sin cos
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 2
C ⎧ ⎛ A− B⎞ C⎫
= 2 cos ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎬
2 ⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2⎭
C ⎧ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎛ A + B ⎞⎫
= 2 cos ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ − cos ⎜ ⎟⎬
2 ⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎭
C ⎧ A B⎫
= 2 cos ⎨ 2 sin sin ⎬
2 ⎩ 2 2⎭
= 4sin A / 2 sin B / 2 cos C / 2
Solution
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞
(ii) cos A + cos B − coC = 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ − cos C
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ C⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎧ C⎫
= 2 cos ⎜ 900 − ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ − ⎨1 − 2 sin 2 ⎬
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎩ 2⎭
C ⎛ A− B⎞ C
= 2 sin cos ⎜ ⎟ − 1 + 2 sin 2
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
C ⎧ ⎛ A− B⎞ C⎫
−1 + 2sin ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ + sin ⎬
2 ⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2⎭
C ⎧ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎛ A + B ⎞⎫
= − 1 + 2sin ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ + sin ⎜ 900 − ⎬
2 ⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎭
C ⎧ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎛ A + B ⎞⎫
= − 1 + 2sin ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟⎬
2 ⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎭
C ⎧ A B⎫
= − 1 + 2 sin ⎨ 2 cos cos ⎬
2 ⎩ 2 2⎭
A B C
= − 1 + 4 cos cos sin
2 2 2

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26. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle then prove that
(i) sin A + sin 2 B − sin 2 C = 2sin A sin B cos C
2

(ii) cos 2 A + cos 2 B − cos2 C = 1 − 2 sin A sin B cos C

Solution:
(i) A + B + C = 1800
sin 2 A + sin 2 B − sin 2 C = sin 2 A + sin ( B + C ) sin ( B − C )
{∵ sin 2
B − sin 2 C = sin ( B + C ) sin ( B − C ) }
( )
= sin 2 A + sin 1800 − A sin ( B − C )
= sin A + sin A sin ( B − C )
2

= sin A {sin A + sin ( B − C )}

{ ( )
= sin A sin 1800 − B + C + sin ( B − C ) }
= sin A {sin ( B + C ) + sin ( B − C )}
= sin A{2sin B cos C} = 2sin A sin B cos C
Solution :
(ii) cos 2 A + cos 2 B − cos 2 C = cos 2 A = {cos 2 C − cos 2 B}
= cos 2 A − sin ( B + C ) sin ( B − C )
( )
= 1 − sin 2 A − sin 1800 − A sin ( B − C )
= 1 −sin 2 A − sin A sin ( B − C )
= 1 − sin A {sin A + sin ( B − C )}

{ ( )
= 1 − sin A sin 1800 − B + C + sin ( B − C ) }
= 1 − sin A {sin ( B + C ) + sin ( B − C )}
= 1 − sin A {2sin B cos C}
= 1 − 2sin A sin B cos C

27. If A + B + C = 1800 then prove that

A B C ⎧ A B C⎫
(i) cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 2 ⎨1 + sin sin sin ⎬
2 2 2 ⎩ 2 2 2⎭
A B C A B C
(ii) cos 2 + cos 2 − cos 2 = 2 cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
Here A + B + C = 180 = A / 2 + B / 2 + C / 2 = 90
0 0

Solution:
A B C A
(i) cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = cos 2 + 1 − sin 2 B / 2 + cos 2 C / 2
2 2 2 2
⎧ A B⎫ C
= 1 + ⎨cos 2 −sin 2 ⎬ + cos 2
⎩ 2 2⎭ 2
⎛ A B⎞ ⎛ A B⎞ C
= 1 + cos ⎜ + ⎟ cos ⎜ − ⎟ + cos 2
⎝2 2⎠ ⎝2 2⎠ 2

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⎛ C⎞ ⎛ A B⎞ C
= 1 + cos ⎜ 900 − ⎟ cos ⎜ − ⎟ + 1 − sin 2
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2 2⎠ 2
C ⎛ A− B⎞ C
= 2+ sin cos ⎜ ⎟ − sin 2
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
C⎧ ⎛ A− B⎞ C⎫
= 2 + sin ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎬
2⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2⎭
C ⎧ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎛ A + B ⎞⎫
= 2 + sin ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎜ 900 _ ⎬
2⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎭
C ⎧ ⎛ A− B ⎞ ⎛ A + B ⎞⎫
= 2 + sin ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ − cos ⎜ ⎟⎬
2⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎭
A B C
2 + 2sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C
= 2 + 2 cos cos cos
2 2 2

A B C A ⎧ C B⎫
(ii) cos 2 + cos 2 − cos 2 = cos 2 − ⎨cos 2 − cos 2 ⎬
2 2 2 2 ⎩ 2 2⎭
A ⎛B+C⎞ ⎛B−C⎞
= cos 2 − sin ⎜ ⎟ . sin ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
A ⎛ A⎞ ⎛ B − C ⎞
= cos 2 − sin ⎜ 900 − ⎟sin ⎜
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
A A ⎛B−C⎞
= cos 2 − cos sin 2 ⎜ ⎟
2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
A⎧ A B −C⎫
= cos ⎨cos − sin ⎬
2 ⎩ 2 2 ⎭
A⎧ ⎛ B+C⎞ ⎛ B − C ⎞⎫
= cos ⎨cos ⎜ 900 − ⎟ − sin ⎜ ⎟⎬
2 ⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎭
A⎧ ⎛ B+C ⎞ ⎛ B − C ⎞⎫ A B C
= cos ⎨sin ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ = 2 cos sin sin
2⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎭ 2 2 2

28. In a triangle ABC prove that

A B C ⎛π − A⎞ ⎛π − B ⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞
(i) cos + cos + cos = 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
2 2 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
A B C ⎛π + A⎞ ⎛π + B ⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞
(ii) cos + cos − cos = 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
2 2 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
A B C ⎛π − A⎞ ⎛π − B ⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞
(iii) sin + sin − sin = − 1 + 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟
2 2 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
Solution:
(i) Given A + B + C = π
⎛π − A⎞ ⎛π − B ⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞ ⎧ ⎛π − A⎞ ⎛ π − B ⎞⎫ ⎧ ⎛ π − C ⎞⎫
R.H..S 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ = 2 ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ ⎨2 cos ⎜ ⎟⎬
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎩ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭ ⎩ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭

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⎧ ⎛π − A+π − B ⎞ ⎛ π − A − π + B ⎞⎫ ⎧ ⎛ π − C ⎞⎫
= ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ ⎨2 cos ⎜ ⎟⎬
⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭ ⎩ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭
{∵ 2 cos A cos B = cos ( A + B ) + cos ( A + B )}
⎧ ⎧π ⎛ A + B ⎞⎫ ⎛ A − B ⎞⎫ ⎛π − C ⎞
= ⎨cos ⎨ − ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ + cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟
⎩ ⎩ 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭ ⎝ 4 ⎠

π −C ⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎛π A + B ⎞ ⎛ A+ B⎞
= 2 cos sin ⎜ ⎟ + 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ ∵ cos ⎜ − ⎟ = sin ⎜ ⎟
4 ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝2 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠

⎛π − C + A + B ⎞ ⎛π − C − A − B ⎞ ⎛π − C + A − B ⎞ ⎛π − C − A + B ⎞
= sin ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎧⎪∵ 2 cos A sin B = sin ( A + B ) − sin ( A − B ) ⎫⎪
⎨ ⎬
⎩⎪ 2 cos A cos B = cos ( A + B ) + cos ( A − B ) ⎭⎪
⎛π − C + π − C ⎞ ⎧ A + B + C− C− A − B ⎫ ⎛ A + B + C − C + A− B⎞
∴ sin ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎨ ⎬ + cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎩ 4 ⎭ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎧ A + B + C − C − A + B ⎫ ⎧∵ π = A + B + C ⎫
+ cos ⎨ ⎬⎨ ⎬
⎩ 4 ⎭ ⎩ ad A + B = π − C ⎭
⎛π C ⎞ A B
= sin ⎜ − ⎟ + cos + cos
⎝2 2⎠ 2 2
A B C
= cos + cos + cos
2 2 2
Solution :
⎛π + A⎞ ⎛π + B ⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞
(ii) R.H.S = 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎧ ⎛π + A⎞ ⎛ π + B ⎞⎫ ⎛π − C ⎞
= ⎨2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟
⎩ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎡ ⎛π + A + π + B ⎞ ⎛ π + A − π − B ⎞⎤ ⎛π − C ⎞
= ⎢ cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟
⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎡ ⎛π A + B ⎞ ⎛ A − B ⎞⎤ ⎛π − C ⎞
= ⎢cos ⎜ + ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟
⎣ ⎝2 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎛ π − C ⎞ ⎛ A+ B ⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞
= − 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ + 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎛π − C ⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞ ⎛π − C + A − B ⎞ ⎛ π − C −A + B ⎞
= − 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟+ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎛π − C ⎞ ⎛ A + B + C − A− B ⎞ ⎛ A + B + C − C − A+ B ⎞
= − sin 2 ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎛π C ⎞ A B
= − sin ⎜ − ⎟ + cos + cos
⎝2 2⎠ 2 2
A B C
= cos + cos − cos
2 2 2

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Solution :
⎛π − A⎞ ⎛π − B ⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞
(iii) R.H.S = − 1 + 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ . sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎧ ⎛π − A⎞ ⎛ π − B ⎞⎫ ⎛π − C ⎞
= − 1 + ⎨2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ 2sin ⎜ ⎟
⎩ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎧ ⎛ π ⎛ A + B ⎞⎞ A − B⎫ ⎛π − C ⎞
= − 1 + ⎨cos ⎜ − ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ + cos ⎬ 2sin ⎜ ⎟
⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠⎠ 4 ⎭ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞ ⎛π − C ⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞
= − 1 + 2 sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ + 2 sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠

⎛π − C ⎞ ⎛ A + B +C − C + A − B ⎞ ⎧ A + B + C − C − A + B⎫
= − 1 + 2sin ⎜ ⎟ + sin ⎜ ⎟+ sin ⎨ ⎬
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎩ 4 ⎭

⎧ π −C⎫ A B
= − ⎨1 − 2 sin 2 ⎬ + sin + sin
⎩ 4 ⎭ 2 2
⎛π − C ⎞ A B
= − cos ⎜ ⎟ + sin + sin
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 2
A B C
= sin + sin − sin
2 2 2

29. If A + B + C = 900 then prove that

cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C = 1 + 4sin A sin B sin C
Solution :
cos 2 A + cos 3B + cos 2C = 2 cos ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + cos 2C
( ) {
= 2 cos 900 − C cos ( A − B ) + cos 2C ∵ A + B = 900 − C }
= 2sin C cos ( A − B ) + 1 − 2sin 2 C
= 1 + 2 sin C {cos ( A − B ) − sin C}

{ (
= 1 + 2sin cos ( A − B ) − sin 900 − A+ B )}
= 1 + 2 sin C {cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B )}
= 1 + 2sin C {2sin A sin B}
= 1 + 4sin A sin B sin C

30. If A + B + C= 2700 then prove that

(i) cos 2 A + cos 2 B − cos 2 C= − 2cos A cos B sin C
(ii) sin 2 A+ sin 2 B − sin 2C = − 4sin A sin B cos C
Solution:
(i) cos 2 A + cos 2 B − cos 2 C = cos 2 A − {cos 2 C− cos 2 B}
= cos 2 A − sin ( B + C ) sin ( B − C )
= cos 2 A − sin ( 2700 − A) sin ( B − C )
= cos 2 A + cos A sin ( B − C )

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= cos A {cos A + sin ( B −C )}

{ ( )
= cos A cos 2700 − B + C + sin ( B − C ) }
cos A {− sin ( B − C ) + sin ( B − C )}
− cos A ( 2 cos Bsin C ) = − 2 cos A cos B sin C
(ii) sin 2 A+ sin 2 B − sin 2C = − 4sin A sin B cos C
2sin ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) − sin 2C
( )
2sin 2700 − C cos ( A− B ) − sin 2C
−2cos C cos( A − B) − 2sin C cos C
−2cos ⎡⎣cos ( A − B) + sin (2200 − A + B) ⎤⎦
−2 cos C [ cos( A − B ) − cos ( A + B ) ]
−4sin A sin B cos C

31. If A + B + C= 00 then prove that

(i) sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2C = − 4sin A sin B sin C

A B C
(ii) sin A + sin B − sin C = − 4 cos cos sin
2 2 2
Solution :
A B C A B C
(i) A + B + C = 00 ⇒ + + = 00 ⇒ + = −
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin 2 A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 2sin( A + B)cos( A − B) + sin 2C
= 2sin ( −C ) cos ( A − B ) + sin 2C
= − 2sin C cos ( A − B ) + 2sin C cos C
= −2 sin C [ cos( A − B ) − cos C ]
⎡∵ C = − ( A + B ) ⎤
= − 2sin C ⎡⎣ cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B ) ⎤⎦ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ cos C= cos ( A + B ) ⎥⎦
= − 2sin C {2sin A sin B}
= −4sin A sin B sin C
Solution :
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞
(ii) sin A + sin B − sin C = 2 sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ = sin C
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ C⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞ C C
= 2 sin ⎜ − ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ − 2 sin cos
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 2
C ⎡ ⎛ A− B⎞ C⎤
= − 2sin ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎥
2 ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2⎦
C ⎡ ⎛ A −B ⎞ ⎛ A+ B ⎞ ⎤
= − 2sin ⎢ cos ⎜ ⎟ +cos ⎜ ⎟⎥
2⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
C ⎡ A B⎤
= − 2 sin ⎢ 2 cos cos ⎥
2 ⎣ 2 2⎦

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A B C
= − 4 cos cos sin
2 2 2

32. If A + B + C + D = 3600 then prove that

⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A+ C ⎞ ⎛ A+ D ⎞
(i) sin A − sin B + sin C −sin D = − 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
(ii) cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C + cos 2 D = 4 cos ( A+ B ) cos ( A+ C ) cos ( A+ D )
Solution:
A B C D
(i) A + B + C+ D = 3600 ⇒ + + + = 1800
2 2 2 2
A+ B ⎛ C +D ⎞
∴ = 1800 − ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎛C + D⎞ ⎛C − D⎞
sin A − sin B + sin C − sin D = 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟+ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎪⎧ A + B ⎪⎫ ⎛C − D⎞
= 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ + 2 cos ⎨1800 + ⎬ sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎩⎪ 2 ⎭⎪ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛C − D⎞
= 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ − 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ A+ B⎞⎧ ⎛ A− B⎞ ⎛ C − D ⎞⎫
2 cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎨sin ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎜ ⎟⎬
⎝ 2 ⎠⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎭
⎛ A+ B⎞⎧ ⎛ A + B + C− D ⎞ ⎛ A − B − C + D ⎞⎫
2 cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎨2 cos ⎜ ⎟ . sin ⎜ ⎟⎬
⎝ 2 ⎠⎩ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎧ A + C − 3600 + A+ C ⎫ ⎧ A + D − 3600 + A + D ⎫
4cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎨ ⎬ sin ⎨ ⎬
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎩ 4 ⎭ ⎩ 4 ⎭
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎧A+ C ⎫ ⎧A+ D ⎫
4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎨ − 900 ⎬ sin ⎨ − 900 ⎬
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎩ 2 ⎭ ⎩ 2 ⎭
⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎧A+ C ⎫ ⎧A+ D ⎫
4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎨ − 900 ⎬ sin ⎨ − 900 ⎬
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎩ 2 ⎭ ⎩ 2 ⎭
⎛ A +B ⎞ ⎛A+C⎞ ⎛ A+ D⎞
− 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
(ii) cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C + cos 2 D = 2cos ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + 2cos ( C + D ) . cos ( C − D )

( )
= 2 cos ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + 2 cos 3600 − A + B . cos ( C− D )
= 2 cos ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + 2 cos ( A+ B ) cos ( C−D )
= 2 cos ( A + B ) {cos ( A − B ) + cos ( C − D )}
⎧ ⎛ A+ B +C − D⎞ ⎛ A − B − C + D ⎞⎫
= 2 cos ( A + B ) ⎨+2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟⎬
⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎭
⎪⎧ ( B + D ) − ( A+ C ) ⎪⎫ ⎪⎧ ( B + C )− ( A + D ) ⎪⎫
4 cos ( A + B ) cos ⎨ ⎬ cos ⎨ ⎬
⎩⎪ 2 ⎭⎪ ⎩⎪ 2 ⎭⎪
⎧⎪ 3600 − 2 ( A + C ) ⎫⎪ ⎧⎪ 3600 − 2 ( A + D ) ⎫⎪
4 cos ( A + B ) cos ⎨ ⎬ cos ⎨ ⎬
⎩⎪ 2 ⎭⎪ ⎩⎪ 2 ⎪⎭

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(
4 cos ( A +B ) cos ⎡⎣1800 − A + C ⎤⎦ cos 1800 − A + D )
{4 cos ( A + B )} {− cos ( A + D )} {− cos ( A + D )}
4 cos ( A + B ) cos ( A + C ) cos ( A + D )

33. If A + B + C = 2 S then prove that

⎛ S− A ⎞ ⎛S − B⎞ C
(i) sin ( s − A ) + sin ( s − B ) + sin C = 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ sin
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
⎛ s −A ⎞ ⎛s− B⎞ C
(ii) cos ( s − A ) + cos ( s − B )+ cos C= − 1 + 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ cos
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
Solution :
(i) sin ( s − A ) + sin ( s − B )+ sin C
⎛ 2 s− A − B ⎞ ⎛ B − A⎞
= 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ + sin C
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
C ⎛ A− B⎞ C C
= 2 sin cos ⎜ ⎟ + 2 sin cos
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 2
⎧ ⎛ A− B⎞
C C⎫
= 2sin ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎬
⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠
2 2⎭
C ⎧ ⎛ A−B+C⎞ ⎛ A − B − C ⎞⎫
= 2sin ⎨2 cos ⎜ ⎟ . cos ⎜ ⎟⎬
2 ⎩ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭
C ⎧ ⎛ 2s − B − B ⎞ ⎛ 2s − A − A ⎞ ⎫
= 4sin ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟⎬
2 ⎩ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎭
⎛ s − A⎞ ⎛s − B⎞ C
4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ sin
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
Solution (ii)
cos ( s − A ) + cos ( s − B ) + cos C
= 2 cos ⎛⎜ 2s − A − B ⎞⎟ cos ⎛⎜ B − A ⎞⎟ + cos C
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
= 2 cos C cos ⎛⎜ B − A ⎞⎟ + 2 cos 2 C − 1
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
C ⎡ ⎛ B − A⎞ C⎤
= −1 + 2 cos ⎢cos ⎜ 2 ⎟ + cos 2 ⎥
2 ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
C ⎡ ⎛B− A+C⎞ ⎛ B − A −C ⎞ ⎤
= −1 + 2 cos ⎢ 2 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟⎥
2 ⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦
= −1 + 4 cos C cos ⎛⎜ B + C − A ⎞⎟ cos ⎛⎜ A + C − B ⎞⎟
2 ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
2s − A − A ⎫ ⎛ 2s − B − B ⎞
= −1 + 4 cos cos ⎧⎨
C
⎬ cos ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎩ 4 ⎭ ⎝ 4 ⎠
C ⎛ S − A⎞ ⎛s − B⎞
−1 + 4 cos cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟
= 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ S − A⎞ ⎛S−B⎞ ⎛S−B⎞ C
−1 + 4 cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ cos
= ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2

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34. If A,B,C are angles of a triangle then prove that

A B C A B C
sin 2 + sin 2 − sin 2 = 1 − 2 cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
SOL.
A+B+C = 1800
A B C
LHS = sin 2 + sin 2 − sin 2
2 2 2
A ⎛B C⎞ ⎛B C⎞
= sin 2 + sin ⎜ + ⎟ .sin ⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝2 2⎠ ⎝2 2⎠
A ⎛ A⎞ ⎛B C⎞
= sin 2 + sin ⎜ 90 − ⎟ .sin ⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2 2⎠
A A ⎛B C⎞
=1-cos 2 + cos .sin ⎜ − ⎟
2 2 ⎝2 2⎠
A⎛ A ⎛ B C ⎞⎞
= 1 − cos ⎜ cos − sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎟
2⎝ 2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎠
A⎛ ⎛ ⎛ B C ⎞⎞ ⎛ B C ⎞⎞
=1 − cos ⎜ cos ⎜ 90 − ⎜ + ⎟ ⎟ − sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎟
2⎝ ⎝ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎠
A⎛ ⎛ B C ⎞ ⎛ B C ⎞⎞
= 1 − cos ⎜ sin ⎜ + ⎟ − sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎟
2⎝ ⎝2 2⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎠
A⎛ B C⎞
= 1 − cos ⎜ 2 cos sin ⎟
2⎝ 2 2⎠
A B C
= 1 − 2 cos cos sin = RHS
2 2 2

35. If A+B+C =3π/2 , prove that cos2A+cos2B+cos2C =1- 4sinA.sinB.sinC

36. 13. If A,B,C are angles of a triangle, then prove that
A B C π−A π −B π −C
sin + sin + sin = 1 + 4sin + sin + sin
2 2 2 4 4 4
Try your self.

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37. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle then prove that

cos2A+cos2B+cos2C = -4cosAcosBcosC-1

cos2A+cos2B+cos2C =
2 A + 2B 2 A − 2B
= 2 cos cos + cos 2C
2 2
= 2 cos ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + 2 cos 2 C − 1
= 2 cos (π − c ) cos ( A − B ) + 2 cos 2 C − 1
= −2 cos C cos ( A − B ) + 2 cos 2 C − 1
= 2 cos C ( − cos ( A − B ) + cos C ) − 1

(
= 2 cos C − cos ( A − B ) + cos (π − ( A + B ) ) − 1)
= 2 cos C ( − cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B ) ) − 1
= 2 cos C ( −2 cos A cos B ) − 1
= −4 cos A cos B cos C − 1

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