Assingment HTTP, Dns

The document discusses the Domain Name System (DNS) and how it works. DNS automatically translates between domain names that are typed in web browsers and the IP addresses of websites. It does this by maintaining a distributed database on servers around the world called name servers that contain records mapping domain names to IP addresses. DNS is essential for navigating the internet as it translates the familiar domain names to the numeric IP addresses needed for computers to communicate.

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Assingment HTTP, Dns

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HTTP

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images,
sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. As soon as a Web user opens
their Web browser, the user is indirectly making use of HTTP. HTTP is an
application protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP suite of protocols (the foundation protocols
for the Internet).
The Domain Name System (DNS) translates Internet domain and host names to IP addresses and
vice versa.
DNS
On the Internet, DNS automatically converts between the names we type in our Web browser
address bar to the IP addresses of Web servers hosting those sites. Larger corporations also use
DNS to manage their own company intranet. Home networks use DNS when accessing the
Internet but do not use it for managing the names of home computers.
( ডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডড (DNS) ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডডড IP ডডডডডড ডডড
ডডডডডডডডডড
ডডডডডডডডডড, ডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডড
ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডড
ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডড
ডডডড DNS ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডড DNS
ডডডডডডড ডডড ডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডড ডডড
ডডড)

Clare Concept of DNS

DNS ডড?
Domain Name System (DNS) ডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড, ডডডড
ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডড
ডডড ডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড,
ডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডড
ডডডড ডড ডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডড-ড ডডড ডডডডড ডডডড ডডডড
ডডডডডড ডড ডডডড- ডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডড
ডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডড-ডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডড
ডডডডডডডড ড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডডড
ডডড ডড ডডড ডডড ডডড Domain Name System (DNS)ড ডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডডড ডড ডডড ডডডডডডড
ডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডড ডডড ডড ডডডড ডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডড-
ডডডডডড ড ডডডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড
ডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডড (Domain Name) ডডড ডডড ডডডড, ডড ডডডড Domain Name
System (DNS) ডডড ডডডডড ডডড ডডড ডডডড, ডডডডডড ডডডড (Domain Name) ডড ডডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডড-
ডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডড ডডডডড ডডড ডডডড-ডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড
ডডডড (Domain Name) ডডডড ডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডড ডডড ডডড ডডডডড
DNS ডডডডডডডডডডড
ডড DNS Resolverঃ
ডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডড ডডড ডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডড
ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডড DNS ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডড DNS Resolver ডডড ডডডড-ডডডডডড
ডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডড (NS) ডড ডডডড DNS ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডড
ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডড
ডড Name Servers (NS)ঃ
ডডডড ডডডডডড ডড Informations ডড ডডডডডডড ড store ডডড ডডডড ডডডড ডড ডডডডডড ডড Name Server ডডড
ডডড ডডডড ডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডড Informations ডডড Name Serverড store ডডড ডডডডড
ডড Resource Records (RR)ঃ
Name Serverড store ডডড ডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড (web, mail, smtp etc.) ডড Informations ডডড
Resource Records (RR) ডডডড
DNS ডডডডডড ডডড ডডড?
ডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডড Domain Name System (DNS) ডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডডড
ডডডডডডড, ডডডডডড ডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডড
ডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডড
ডডড-ডড ডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডড ডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড URL (ডডডডডড ডডডড)
ডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড, ডডডডডডডডড ডড ডডডড ডডডডডড (ডডডড, ডডডডডডড,
ডডডডডড ডডডডডড) ডড DNS Resolver ডড ডডডড ডডডড-ডডডডডড ডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডড ডডডডড
ডডড-ডড DNS Resolver ডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডড ডডডড
(ড)ড ডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডড (.com, .org, .net, .edu, .bd etc.) ডড ডডডডডড ডডড DNS Resolver ডড
ডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডড Top Level Domain Name Server (TLD NS) ডড ডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডড (ড)ড
ডডড-ডড DNS Resolver ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডড ডড Top Level Domain Name Server (TLD NS) ডডডডডডড ডড
ডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডড ডডডডড (ড)ড Top Level Domain Name Server (TLD
NS) ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডড ডড ডডড ডডডডডডড (NS) ডড ডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডড (ড)ড
ডডড-ডড DNS Resolver ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড (web, mail, smtp etc.) ডড
ডডডডড ডড ডডডডডড ডড ডডড ডডডডডডড (NS) ডড ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড (ড)ড ডডড ডডডডডডড (NS) ডড
ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডড ডডডড-ডডডডডড (www.google.com IP:172.217.26.206) ডডডডডড ডডডড (ড)ড
ডডড-ডড ডডডড DNS Resolver ডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডড ডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডড-
ডডডডডড (www.google.com IP:172.217.26.206) ডডডডডড ডডডড (ড)ড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডড
ডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডড-ডডডডডড (www.google.com IP:172.217.26.206) ড ডডডডডডড ডডডড (ড)ড
ডডডডড DNS Resolving ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডড
DNS ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডডড
ডডডডডডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডড
ডড Authoritative-Only DNS Serversঃ ডড DNS ডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডড ড ডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডড Informations
ডডডডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড Accept ডডডডড ডডডড Authoritative-Only DNS
Servers ডডড ডডড ডডড ডডডডডড ডড Name Server ড ডড ডডডডডড ডড Authoritative DNS Server ডড ডডড ডডড
ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড Accept ডড ডডড ডডড ডডডডড Authoritative-Only DNS
Servers ডডড ডডডড
ডড Caching-Only or Caching DNS Serverঃ DNS Resolver ডডডডডডড ডডড Caching-Only or Caching DNS Server ডডড
ডডড Caching DNS Server ড ডডড ডডডডডড ডড Informations ডডডডডডড ডডড DNS ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডড
ডডডডডডড Name Server ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডড Informations ডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডড
ডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড resolve ডড ডডডড Frequent ডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডড
ডডডডড ডডডড Cache ডডডডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড
ডড Forwarding DNS Serverঃ ডডডড Caching-Only or Caching DNS Server ডডড ডডড ডডড, ডডড ডডড Name Server
ডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডডডড ডড ডডড ডডডডড DNS ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডড ডডডড
ডডডডডডডডড DNS Resolver ডডডডডডড ড ডডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড resolve ডড
ডডডড Frequent ডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডডড ডডডড Cache ডডডডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডডডডডডড
ডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড
ডড Hybrid DNS Serverঃ Caching DNS ডডড Authoritative DNS Server ডডড ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডডডডডড ডডড
ডডডড ডডডড Hybrid DNS Server ডডডড ডডডডড
ডডডডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডড
ডড Primary or Master DNS Serverঃ ডডড ডডডড Authoritative DNS Serverড ডডডড ডডডডডড ডড Informations ডড
Master ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডড ড ডডডডডডড ডডড ডড ডডড Resource Records (RR) ডডডড ডড ডডডডডডড
ডডডডড ডডডডডডড ড ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডডডড
ডড Secondary or Slave Serversঃ ডডডড ডডডড Authoritative DNS Serverড ডডডড ডডডডডড ডড Informations ডড
Replicate (Slave) ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডড ড ডডডডডডড ডডড ডডড ডড ডডডডডডড ড ডডড Resource Records
(RR) ডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডডড, Master ডড Primaryডডডডডডড ডডডড ডডড ডডড ডডডডড
ডড Public vs. Private Serversঃ ডডডডডডডডড ড ডড ডডড ডড ডডডডডডড ডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডড ডডডড
Public Server ডডডড 4.2.2.2, 8.8.8.8 ডডডড ডডডডডডড Public DNS Server ডডডডডড Public DNS Resolver ডডডডডড
ডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডড Private Server ডডড ডডডডডড ডডডডডডডডডডডড ডড ডডড ডডডডড ডডডডডড
ডডড ডডডড ডড, ডড ডড ডড DNS ডড ডডডডডডডডড ডডড ডডডডডড
How DNS Works
DNS is a client/server network communication systems: DNS clients send requests to and receive responses from DNS servers.
Requests containing a name, that result in an IP address being returned from the server, are called forward DNS lookups.
Requests containing an IP address and resulting in a name, called reverse DNS lookups, are also supported. DNS implements a
distributed database to store this name and last-known address information for all public hosts on the Internet.

The DNS database resides on a hierarchy of special database servers. When clients like Web browsers issue requests involving
Internet host names, a piece of software (usually built into the network operating system) called the DNS resolver first contacts a
DNS server to determine the server's IP address. If the DNS server does not contain the needed mapping, it will, in turn, forward
the request to a different DNS server at the next higher level in the hierarchy.
After potentially several forwarding and delegation messages are sent within the DNS hierarchy, the IP address for the given host
eventually arrives at the resolver, that in turn completes the request over Internet Protocol.

DNS additionally includes support for caching requests and for redundancy. Most network operating systems support
configuration of primary, secondary, and tertiary DNS servers, each of which can service initial requests from clients.

For more information: Introduction to the Domain Name System (DNS)

Setting Up DNS on Personal Devices and Home Networks

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) maintain their own DNS servers and use DHCP to automatically configure their customer's
networks, Automatic DNS server assignment relieves households of the burden of DNS configuration. Home network
administrators are not required to keep their ISPs settings, however. Some prefer to use one of the available public Internet DNS
services instead. Public DNS services are designed to offer better performance and reliability over what a typical ISP can
reasonably offer.

Home broadband routers and other network gateway devices store primary, secondary and tertiary DNS server IP addresses for
the network and assign them to client devices as needed. Administrators can choose to enter addresses manually or obtain them
from DHCP. Addresses can also be updated on a client device via its operating system configuration menus.

For more information: How to Change DNS Server Settings on Home Computer Networks

Issues with DNS can be intermittent and difficult to troubleshoot given its geographically-distributed nature. Clients can still
connect to their local network when DNS is broken, but they will be unable to reach remote devices by their name.

When the network settings of a client device show DNS server addresses of 0.0.0.0, it indicates a failure with DNS or with its
configuration on the local network.

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Clare Concept of DNS

For more information: Introduction to the Domain Name System (DNS)

Setting Up DNS on Personal Devices and Home Networks

See also: Troubleshooting Home Network Router Problems

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