Gate valve is basically used in fluid pipelines for controlling the flow of fluid.

There will be
one gate or wedge in gate valve and it will control the fluid flow. Shape of gate or wedge of gate
valve will be a type of flat circular plate or rectangular plate. Sometimes, gate or wedge is also
termed as disc of gate valve.

valve which is used to open and close the gate valve. When handle wheel will be rotated, it will
move the gate or wedge in upward or downward direction across the line of fluid flow.

Working mechanism of a gate valve

When handle wheel will be rotated in clockwise direction, steam and gate will move in
downward direction across the fluid flow line and gate will be tightly located between the two
seats. Hence there will not be any leakage of fluid through the valve once valve is closed
completely.

When handle wheel will be rotated in anti-clockwise direction, steam and gate will move in
upward direction across the fluid flow line and valve will be opened from closed position and
will permit the flow of fluid through the gate valve. Once gate valve is completely opened, it
will permit no resistance or very little resistance to the flow of fluid.

We can use gate valve in semi-open condition also but there will be one issue of erosion of gate
as fluid will strike the gate if valve is partially open. Therefore gate valve should be used in
completely closed or completely open condition.
Gate valves are generally used for all types of applications and are working for both
above-ground and underground installation. Gate Valves are designed to use the flow of liquids
rather than for flow regulation. Gate Valves are installed in pipelines as isolating valves, and
should not be used as a control or regulating valves. Operation of a gate valve is performed as
the clockwise rotating motion of the stem. While the opening position, the disk of a Gate valve
is completely removed when; the disk is fully drawn up into the valve Bonnet.

This leaves an opening for flow through the valve at the same inside diameter as the pipe
system in which the valve is installed. A Gate valve can be used for a wide range of liquids and
there will not be any leakage of fluid through the valve once the valve is closed completely. If
you are looking gate valve suppliers & manufacturer in Delhi, contact SKG Pneumatics
inc offering quality assured industrial valves from best makers of the Industry.
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Volfram Systems, lives in Pune, Maharashtra, India (2000-present)

VOLFRAM make Cast Steel Flex Gate Valves are tight sealing, easy operation, isolation
valves for liquid and gaseous fluids over a wide range of line pressures and temperatures.

 Self-adjusting flexible wedge assures tight sealing and minimizes stress concentration
under varied service conditions.
 Stem-wedge thrust closer to wedge centre for accurate wedge movement.
 Long guide ribs in the body to minimize seat wear.
Gate valves are of rising stem, outside, screw and yoke (OS & Y) and with Bolted Bonnet
construction. The rising stem indicates open or close position of the valve. The outside screw
ensures easy lubrication and prevents corrosion and erosion by line fluids. On request, valves
can be supplied with special features like NACE Requirement, Radiography, Magnetic Particle
Test, LGC Test and for Oxygen Service etc.

Features of Gate Valve:

Body & Bonnet: The body is designed for strength to meet the operating conditions and
contoured to minimize erosion and resistance to flow. The bonnet is provided with renewable
seat arrangement.

Flexible Wedge: The one piece, case flexible wedge minimizes stress concentration and
assures tight sealing over a wide range of different operating temperature and pressure
conditions.

Body Seat Ring: The seat ring is welded to provide a bubble tight joint.

Back Seat Arrangement: The back seat is designed to relieve back pressure on the stem packing
when fully seated.
Seating Surface: Gate valves can be offered with stellite seat, if specified. Stellated seat ring
provides increased resistance to ware, abrasion and erosion of the sealing surface.

Gland Arrangement: The stuffing box holds an adequate packing rings to enhance gland
tightness and increases the life of packing rings.

Flanged: ASME B 16.5 Raised Face

Butt Weld: ASME B 16.5 to suit the corresponding pipe schedule.

Accessories:

Valves can be supplied with accessories like extended Stem Arrangement, Gear Operation,
Pneumatic and Electric Actuators, Chain Wheel Arrangement, Drain Plug and By-pass
Arrangement.
Gate Valve

Gate Valve
What is a Gate Valve


The Gate valve is a linear actuating valve used as flow isolater in a fluid
pipeline. As the name says the gate valve, a flat circular or rectangular
plate acts as a 'gate' in a pipeline. We call this plate as disc ,gate or wedge.
When the valve actuates down the gate slice the fluid to total shut off .The disc
can moved up fully into the upper portion of the body and results no hindrance
to the fluid flow cross section area. This makes the valve full open with very
less pressure drop.


Gate valves (also known as knife valves or slide valves) are linear motion valves in which a flat
closure element slides into the flow stream to provide shut-off. They are one of the most common
valves used.

Types of Gate Valve

There are Two Type of Gate Valve


Cast Iron Gate Valve is designed with straight through bore type with rising stem, outside screw &
yoke, bolted bonnet and stainless steel trim. The open and closed position of the valve is easily
distinguished by the stem position. The Wedge is replaceable without needing to remove the valve
from the pipelines.

Cast Iron Gate Valve allows for two-way flow direction and used for closing or opening the medium
flow. This valve can be installed in horizontal and vertical positions in the piping systems. It is
widely used in process industries such as Palm Oil and Refinery Plant, Food Industries,
Petrochemical, Fire Protection System, Power Plant and Cooling System.


Non-rising Stem Gate Valve


Used in fire protection systems for on/off operation, Tyco Resilient Seated Gate Valves incorporate
high strength stainless steel stems, dezincification resistant copper alloy components, high-grade
elastomers and quality coating systems. The lightweight ductile iron body weighs less than
conventional cast iron valves, which allows for easier handling on site and reduces shipping costs. A
fully encapsulated EPDM ductile iron wedge is intended to achieve bubble-tight sealing.
Components that are not designed to be inherently corrosion resistant are coated with a thermally
applied fusion-bonded epoxy.

The gate sealing design combines wedge and compression mechanisms to achieve low torque, drop
tight sealing. The stem seal arrangement incorporates five separate O-rings designed to provide a
lifetime seal. Available end connections include flange-by-flange, flange-bygroove and
groove-by-groove configurations.

There are Two Type of Gate Valve Body

Body acts as an enclosure to stem and disc assembly and flow passage for the fluid to flow. in most
of the gate valve body construction ,the upper portion is extended to enclose the disc when the valve
is at fully open condition. This provision can also give in bonnet by changing the bonnet design ,if a
short body is prefered.


Casted Body


Casted valve bodies are mainly used for large sized valve where other fabrication process not
feasible.


 Forged Body


Forged body can use for smaller sized high pressure application of gate valves.

There are Two Type of Gate/Disc

Parallel Gate

For a parallel gate both the faces of the gate is parallel


Knife Gate


Knife gate is a parallel gate having sharp bottom edge used in slurry handling pipelines to separate
the slurry by slicing the flow.


Through Conduit Gate


A through hole is drilled in the gate.to achieve full port see more details about full port double
expanding through conduit gate valve.

Wedge Gate

The gate design is in the form of a wedge having two flat inclined surfaces.Two are inclined but
might have a slight angular mismatch. Sealing will be in tight contact with the wedge by wedge
action. Due to the inclined contact between the wedge and the seat, an immediate disengagement
without any sliding action between the wedge and the sealing ,when the gate starts to travel upward
during valve opening. This reduces the wear due rubbing action and increases the life of sealing and
gate compared to parallel gates.


Single Solid Wedge Gate


This is the most common and stronger wedge design. Due to the simple construction of the wedge,
the fabrication cost is much less compared to other wedge designs.Solid wedge design can be
assembled and operated in any orientation and can used in any fluid application even for a turbulent
flow.
Solid wedge working in high temperature applications like steam pipelines may undergo slight
expansion due to the temperature gradient and will induce more compression forces during tight
shut off condition and undergoes deflection as shown in figure. This may cause seating mismatch
and leads to leakage.This can be solved using split or double plate wedge design by inducing wedge
flexing.


Split Flexible Wedge gate


The solid wedge is stilted all round the perimeter.This makes the single piece wedge into two piece
which can flex to correct any angular miss match between the wedge and seating and more tight
seating as shown in figure without loosing much strength of the wedge.


Double plate Wedge Design


Double plate design having two plates assembled using ball and socket to adjust any
mismatch/alignment problems or any solid entrapment like dirt between the wedge and
seating. This types of wedges mainly used for non condensing gas and liquid applications.

Gate valves and knife valves are advantageous in applications involving slurries, as their “gates”
can cut right through the slurry. They are also used in applications that involve viscous liquids such
as heavy oils, light grease, varnish, molasses, honey, cream and other non-flammable viscous
liquids. They are available in large sizes to better handle thick flow. However, gate valves do have
low-pressure limitations, and are not optimal in applications that require cleanliness or sanitary
conditions. They are excellent for use anywhere a shutoff valve is needed. When needed, they can
also be used where throttling capabilities are desired, although this is not generally recommended as
erosion of the seat and disc occurs due to the vibrations of the disk in throttling applications.

Gate valves and knife valves are designed to minimize pressure drop across the valve in the fully
opened position and stop the flow of fluid completely. The direction of fluid flow does not change,
and the diameter through which the process fluid passes is essentially equal to that of the pipe.
Hence, they tend to have minimal pressure drop when opened fully.

Gate valves are used in many industrial applications including the oil and gas industry,
pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, automotive, and marine.

Non-rising stem gate valves are very popular on ships, in underground applications, or where
vertical space is limited because they don't take up extra space. Gate valves can be used in
demanding environments such as high temperature and high pressure environments. They are often
seen in power plants, water treatments, mining, and offshore applications.

Valve Applications
Valves serve a variety of purposes in the industrial, engineering, manufacturing and scientific
communities. Selecting the right valve can determine the success or failure of the system or process.

The main purpose of a valve is to control media flow through a system. The valve may be used to
start, stop, or throttle the flow to ensure safe and efficient operation of the process. To learn more
about the mechanisms that valves use to control flow, please read Valve Types.

Industries

Valves play a large role in most industries. They are used in many parts of daily mechanical devices,
including in HVAC and water systems in an office and the gasoline mechanism for an automobile.
Below are a few examples of the many industries in which valves play a major role in proper
operation.


Pipelines


This use is an essential aspect of many industries, but there are hundreds of thousands of miles of
crucial pipelines that transport media from its source to the place where it will be transformed into
its final product. This media could include piping for crude oil and gas, both onshore and offshore.
Valves are used to optimize the pipeline operating conditions, and can be found in the upstream,
midstream and downstream section of the piping. Upstream starts at the bottom of the hole in the
ground and covers everything on the wellhead up to the choke. In this case, the choke is a
specialized globe valve that is mounted on the wellhead to regulate the output of the well.
Midstream starts at the output of the choke and ends at the fence of the final destination (usually a
refinery). Downstream is everything inside the area of the destination. The most important factor to
consider when selecting a valve for a pipeline application is whether the valve is piggable – that is,
the inside is designed to be cleaned or inspected.


Oil and Gas


The oil and gas industry is a subset of the pipelines category. Due to the high demand for oil and gas,
deeper wells, longer pipelines, and lower production costs have become necessary. Along with the
need for an inexpensive valve, the device must also be tougher, last longer, and perform better to
meet the demands of the industry. Valve service environments and operating conditions are often
extreme with high temperatures (greater than 1,500°F) and high pressure (greater than 25,000 psig)
or cryogenic and very low pressure applications. Another feature important to valves used in the oil
and gas industry is the capacity for remote control.


Food and Beverage


The food and beverage industry is a large and growing industry with an increasing need for parts
and products that keep plants running smoothly .The industry’s many challenges, including safety
concerns, have prompted strict material requirements for the valves used in these plants. There are
two classifications for valves in the food and beverage industry: those in direct contact with food
materials and those handling utility services (i.e. steam, water). For valves which come into direct
contact with food, there are regulations in place (issued by such organizations as the FDA) which
require that the inside of the valve be smooth enough to avoid trapping particles or bacterial
accumulation. Valves made of a soft material must not absorb or hold any product going through the
valve. These standards also specify that there should not be dead volume in the valve or crevices
where material can be trapped to avoid decay or stagnate. Valves in the food and beverage industry
do not face the high pressures or highly corrosive materials that are present in other industries.


Biopharm Industry


The biopharm industry is part of the larger chemical processing industry. The most important
feature of valves used in this industry is their ability to be cleaned and sterilized. The chemical
processing industry is responsible for processing raw materials into products. Since chemical
processing often involves reactions using pressure and/or heat, and could cause toxic by-products,
the media in this industry tends to be highly corrosive and abrasive. The valves need to be able to
tolerate the nature of the media, as well as offer precise flow control and high leakage protection to
protect against spills and cross-contamination.


Marine Industry
 
Valves play a critical role in the marine industry. As ships become larger and are used more
frequently, they require the ability to generate power, treat and manage wastewater and control
HVAC, as well as perform their required tasks. The size and application of the ship will determine
the different types and number of valves on board. Valves are used to regulate the loading and
storage of a ship’s power supply, provide water for fire-fighting capabilities, handle and processes
wastewater and store any liquid cargo, among many other applications. Any valve that processes sea
water must be durable, and all marine valves must be reliable due to lack of resources once out at
sea.

The closure element of a gate valve is a replaceable disk. To open the valve, the disk is completely
removed from the stream and offers virtually no resistance. Therefore, there is little pressure drop
across the open gate valve. A fully closed gate valve provides good sealing due to the 360°
disk-to-seal ring contact surface. Proper mating of a disk to the seal ring ensures there is very little
or no leakage across the disk when the gate valve is closed.

They are used to start or stop a flow completely. They should not be used to control flow rate. Using
a gate valve in a partially open position can damage the valve. Fluid flow across the gate causes
erosion to the gate making it impossible to seal well against its seat.
Fluid can flow through most gate valves in either direction.
The closing element in a gate valve is a wedge-shaped disc or gate attached to the end of the stem, as
shown in Figure. The gate fits into a wedge-shaped seat in the valve body to stop flow through the
valve, as shown in Figure.
They are used to start or stop a flow completely. They should not be used to control flow rate. Using
a gate valve in a partially open position can damage the valve. Fluid flow across the gate causes
erosion to the gate making it impossible to seal well against its seat.
Fluid can flow through most gate valves in either direction.
The closing element in a gate valve is a wedge-shaped disc or gate attached to the end of the stem, as
shown in Figure. The gate fits into a wedge-shaped seat in the valve body to stop flow through the
valve, as shown in Figure.

Turning the handwheel raises and lowers the gate. When the gate valve is fully closed, the gate fills
the passage and stops the flow through the valve completely.
When the valve is fully opened, the gate is positioned above the passage in the valve body. This
allows full flow through the valve, with little or no obstruction. There is very little pressure drop
across the valve.
Gate valves are classed as linear-motion valves as the closing element moves in a straight line (e.g.
down and up) to close and open the valve.
Gate valves can have rising or non-rising stems. The valve shown in Figure has a rising stem. The
stem moves up and down with the gate. A rising stem is fixed to the gate and can not turn in it. The
upper part of the stem is threaded and screws into a mating thread in a bushing. The bushing is held
in a yoke located at the top of the
bonnet as shown in Figure . The actuator turns the bushing in the yoke, screwing the stem into or out
of the valve body.