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APL 102

Defects in Crystals – Line defects

Concepts: Burger’s circuit, screw dislocations, sign & movement of dislocations

Lecture 17
 Recap
IIT Delhi Edge dislocation
 Line defects: Dislocations
(defects not in thermodynamic equilibrium, tendency to leave crystal)

 Dislocation is a boundary between slipped and un-slipped part of the

crystal lying over the slip plane
 
 Slip plane contain both dislocation line t vector and b

Insertion of an extra half plane


D F
C Direction of tt vector
D F dislocation line vector
C
A E B

A E B

Direction of Burgers b
b vector
 Recap
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 Direction and magnitude of slip is called Burgers vector of dislocation

 The Burgers vector is determined by the Burgers Circuit – Closure failure is bb

 Right hand screw (finish to start) convention is used for determining the b direction
Crystal with edge dislocation
 Burgers circuit in perfect crystal
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
Start and finish points same, Burgers circuit is closed, so b0
 Finish Start
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Q P
of dislocation

Closure failure is
the Burgers vector


b  a (inter - atomic spacing)
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A F A F
D D

t t

b b
B C B C
E E

F
b x t will always be pointing in the same direction.
D C
The result is self consistent
A E B

Always use RHS notation

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Question for thought?

Is there any other configuration that is possible of edge dislocation?

 Another configuration of Edge dislocation
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 Edge dislocation - Characteristics
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Positive edge dislocation

Negative edge dislocation

ATTRACTION Can come together and cancel

one another

REPULSION
 Symbols
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b
t t
Positive edge dislocation
b

b
Negative edge dislocation t
t
b
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Question for thought?

What is the configuration of the vectors (t and b) associated with

edge dislocation ?
 Symbols
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b
t
Positive edge dislocation t
b

Perpendicular to each other

b
Negative edge dislocation
t t
b
 Edge dislocation motion – Characteristics
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Conservative Motion of dislocations
(Glide) on the slip plane

Motion of
Edge
dislocation
Non-conservative Motion of dislocation
(Climb)  to the slip plane

 For edge dislocation: as b  t → they define a plane → the slip plane

 Climb involves addition or subtraction of a row of atoms below the half plane
► +ve climb = climb up → removal of a plane of atoms
► ve climb = climb down → addition of a plane of atoms
 Edge dislocation motion – Characteristics
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As the dislocation moves through the crystal, bond breakage across the slip plane
occurs consecutively rather than simultaneously as was the case in perfect crystal

Edge Dislocation Glide

Shear stress
Surface step

Energy required to break one bond as opposed to energy required to break all bonds at once!!!
 Edge dislocation motion – Characteristics
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Edge Climb

Positive climb Negative climb

Removal of a row of atoms Addition of a row of atoms
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Question for thought?

What is the other line defect (dislocation configuration) that is

possible in crystals?
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Screw dislocation
 Perfect crystal
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Defect arises when one part of crystal (with few

set of planes) behave different (twist) to the other
part of crystal (with another set of planes)
 Screw dislocation
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 Screw dislocation - Configuration
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D
C
E
F
A E B

1 2 3 4 5 6
 Screw dislocation - Configuration
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F
Movement enclosing the defect:
Screw path

EF
 Some kind of shear has taken place in the crystal

 Strains are visible only around the dislocation

 Screw dislocation - Characteristics
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Stress field around dislocation

Shear
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Question for thought?

Where is the dislocation line and Burgers vector in screw

dislocation?
 Screw dislocation – Burgers circuit & Burgers vector
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t
b ` `
` ` `
` ` `
` ` `
What do you observe here? `
` `
` `
` `
` `
` `
` `
An important characteristics
` `
of screw dislocation ` `
` ` Q
` P `
` ` `
` ` `
` ` `
` `
` `
` ` `
`
 Screw dislocation – Burgers circuit & Burgers vector
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 Screw dislocation – Notations/symbols
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t
Negative Screw 180°
b

t
Positive Screw 0°
b

Note that the example shown one slide ago was for negative screw &
in previous slide it was positive screw
 Screw dislocation motion - Characteristics
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Screw dislocation cross-slip

Slip plane 2

b
Slip plane 1

The dislocation is shown cross-slipping from the blue plane to the green plane
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Comparing Edge and Screw dislocation

characteristics
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Motion of an edge dislocation
1

3
2

Motion of a screw dislocation

 Strain fields around dislocation
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Edge dislocation Screw dislocation

Tensile/compressive strains: Shear strains
Principal strains
 Dislocation – Notations/Symbols
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Right hand screw (finish to start) convention is used for determining the Burgers vector direction

Positive edge dislocation t

Negative edge dislocation t

b
t
Positive Screw 0°
b

t
Negative Screw 180°
b
 Edge & Screw dislocations – Properties (geometric)
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Type of dislocation
Dislocation Property
Edge Screw
Relation between dislocation
 ||
line (t) and b
Slip direction || to b || to b
Direction of dislocation line
|| 
movement relative to b
Process by which dislocation
climb Cross-slip
may leave slip plane