ENGINEERING DRAWING –II

(CE‐203)

LECTURE NO. 04 TO 07
INTRODUCTION TO THE MAIN PARTS OF A ONE STORIED BUILDING

Sub-Structure:
Part/Portion of the building structure below plinth level is called Sub-Structure.

Super Structure:
Part/Portion of the building structure above plinth level is called Sub-Structure.

Ground Level (GL):

The natural level of ground. It is usually the bench mark level from which other levels (like plinth
level, sill level, lintel level etc.) are measured. If the ground is levelled, then ground level is called
“Finished Ground Level (FGL).

Plinth:
Plinth is a peripheral beam (usually called plinth beam) constructed at the ground level. The void
between the foundation and plinth level is filled with compacted soil. Brick or stone masonry is
usually constructed below the plinth beam. The plinth beam needs to be strong, but need not be
made up of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) all the time.

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  Plinth Beams excavation Plinth Beams made of Stone used in “Load
Bearing Structure”

Plinth Beams made of reinforced concrete (RC) used in “RCC Structure” Plinth

Level:

The height measured from GL/FGL to the top of the plinth beam is called “Plinth Level”.

Damp Proof Course (DPC):

A damp-proof course is a layer between exterior plinth beam its above block masonry wall to
prevent moisture from rising through the wall. Why Damp Proofing is Important? Because, if a
concrete floor is laid, it requires a damp-proof membrane for damp control in a building.

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Floor: A floor is the walking surface of a room.

Ceiling: A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room. It is not
generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the
roof structure or the floor of a storey above.

  Floor Ceiling

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Lintel: A lintel is a structural horizontal (steel/reinforced concrete/ wooden) block that spans the
space or opening between two vertical supports. It can be a load-bearing building component, a
decorative architectural element, or a combined ornamented structural item.

Parapet: Parapet is a wall constructed at the periphery of the roof for safety purpose. The
recommended height of the parapet is 2’-0” to 3’-0”.

Coping: Coping stones are used to cap free standing walls. They protect the wall from weather
damage as well as giving an aesthetically pleasing finish.

Cornice: A cornice (from the Italian cornice meaning "ledge") is generally any horizontal
decorative molding that crowns a building element— the cornice over a door or window, for
instance, or the cornice around the top edge of a pedestal or along the top of an interior wall.

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 What is an ARCHITECTURAL PLAN?

An architectural floor plan is a horizontal section that is cut above sill level at the mid height of
the windows to get the plan of the building, as shown in the figure below.

This part of the section is

considered as a floor plan. The
architectural elements/features
of the above part (which is
ignored) are shown by means
of hidden/dashed line; for
View to be example, ventilator, sun shades
and roof projection etc.
considered

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 What is an ARCHITECTURAL ELEVATION?
Elevation gives an idea about the outlook of the building in a particular direction describing the
position of door, windows, ventilator, projection and/or different building materials. Elevation
could be front elevation, right/ left side elevation and rear elevation.

REAR RIGHT SIDE

ELEVATION ELEVATION

LEFT SIDE
ELEVATION
FRONT
ELEVATION

What is an ARCHITECTURAL SECTION?

Sectional view of the building is drawn in order to produce /show internal sectional elevation
detail of the building. An imaginary built up section is cut on an imaginary vertical plane and it
gives an idea about slab thickness, sunk slab (if any) detail, beam thickness and depth, internal
clear room height, location of internal building elements (like doors, windows, etc.) and their
sizes, plinth level and finished floor level, and flooring detail.
An example of sectional elevation of one storey building is given on Page
24…………..
Sheet No. 01: Architectural Drawing of Load Bearing Structure

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 Scale: 1’-0” = ¼”

3”
3” Elevation Section

3”

3”
Plan Schedule

3”

Steps for Drawing Architectural Plan

1. Leaving a space of 3” (using normal scale) from bottom and left, draw horizontal and
vertical light lines.

2. Convert these lines into 6” thick wall using Poly card scale “G” (draw light lines)

3. Locate the walls of larger room (12’-0” × 16’-0”). Using Poly card scale “G”, measure
12’0” distance (on the right side of the previously drawn 6” th. vertical walls) then draw 6”

th. vertical walls. Similarly, measure 16’-0” distance (on the up side of the previously
drawn 6” th. horizontal walls), then draw 6” th. horizontal walls. Note that 12’-0” and 16’-
0” are the inner clear dimensions of the room.

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4. Locate the walls of smaller room (12’-0” × 10’-0”). Using Poly card scale “G”, measure
12’-0” distance (on the right side from the outer wall line of the previously drawn 6” th.
vertical walls) then draw 6” th. vertical walls. Similarly, measure 10’-0” distance (on the
bottom side of the previously drawn 6” th. horizontal upper walls), then draw 6” th.

horizontal walls. Note that 12’-0” and 10’-0” are the inner clear dimensions of the room.

5. Draw 2’-0” wide chajja by measuring dimension from the outer wall line.

6. Draw 1’-0” wide steps and railing pipes.

7. Draw doors, windows and ventilator symbols of the given sizes. Also draw section line.

8. Write room sizes. Write door, window and ventilator sizes.

9. Mark and show architectural level.

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 Steps for Drawing Architectural Elevation

1. Draw light vertical lines at the location where you have to draw elevation (as shown in
sheet layout). The light lines will be drawn by extending the vertical lines from plan.

2. Draw horizontal light line by measuring 3” (using normal scale). This is finished ground
level line (FGL). (Elevation level of FGL is ± 0’-0”. It is the bench mark from where
building elevation is measured)
3. Draw horizontal light line by measuring 2’-0” (using poly card scale “G”). This is finished

floor level line (FFL). (Elevation level is ±2’-0” measured from FGL)

4. Draw steps using 1’-0” wide tread and 6” high riser.

5. Draw another horizontal light line on the upper side of the FFL by measuring 3’-0”
dimension (using poly card scale “G”). This is Sill level line. (Elevation level of sill is ±

5’-0” measured from FGL)

6. Draw another horizontal light line on the upper side of the Sill level line by measuring 4’0”

dimension (using poly card scale “G”). This is lintel level line. (Elevation level of lintel

level is ±9’-0” measured from FGL).

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7. Draw windows and the door of the given dimensions.
8. Draw 6” th. Sun Shade above the Lintel Level
9. Draw ceiling line of Roof Projection at a height of 3’-0” above the Sun Shade Line.
(Elevation level is ±12’-6” measured from FGL)
10.Draw 6” th. Roof Projection Lintel above the ceiling line.
11. Draw 2’-0” high parapet wall line above the Roof (Elevation level of parapet is ±15’-0”
measured from FGL).
12. Draw railing pipes and tile cladding,

Steps for Drawing Architectural Section

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 1. Draw light horizontal lines at the location where you have to draw section (as shown in
sheet layout). The light lines will be drawn by extending the horizontal lines from elevation.
2. Leaving a space of 3” (Normal Scale) from the left of the sheet, draw a vertical light line
at the location of roof and lintel level chajja.
3. Draw all vertical line, which are perpendicular to the section cutting line in architectural
plan.
4. Show all symbols of wall, C.C. Bed, Stone soling and Earth fill in the architectural section
and label them.
5. Show dimensions in architectural section.

  Wall symbol in architectural section Earth fill symbol in architectural section

Stone soling symbol in architectural section Plain concrete symbol in architectural section AN

ENLARGE VIEW OF THE DIFFERENT SYMBOLS IN AN ARCHITECTURAL SECTION

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