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Elements of Calcculus

This course introduces students to concepts of calculus including limits, derivatives, integrals and their applications. Topics covered are the slope of a curve, rates of change, properties of limits, derivatives of basic functions, extrema, integration, area and volume. The course aims to familiarize students with the AP exam format and appropriate calculator use for problem solving. Students will learn through lectures, group work, homework and projects assessed with tests, quizzes and exams.

Uploaded by

Mark Williams
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Elements of Calcculus

This course introduces students to concepts of calculus including limits, derivatives, integrals and their applications. Topics covered are the slope of a curve, rates of change, properties of limits, derivatives of basic functions, extrema, integration, area and volume. The course aims to familiarize students with the AP exam format and appropriate calculator use for problem solving. Students will learn through lectures, group work, homework and projects assessed with tests, quizzes and exams.

Uploaded by

Mark Williams
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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El Calc

ELEMENTS OF CALCULUS

DESCRIPTION
This course is designed to introduce students to selected concepts of calculus and is
not as rigorous as the Advanced Placement courses. It introduces the basics of limits,
differential and integral calculus, and their applications. Topics include the slope of a
curve, the rate of change of a function, properties of limits, derivatives of algebraic and
trigonometric functions, extrema, the Mean Value Theorem, integration, area and
volume.

I. Functions, Graphs and Limits


A. Analysis of graphs.
B. Limits of functions, including one-sided limits
1. Calculating limits using algebra.
2. Estimating limits from graphs or tables of data.
C. Asymptotic and unbounded behavior.
1. Understanding asymptotes in terms of graphical behavior.
2. Describing asymptotic behavior in terms of limits involving infinity.
3. Comparing relative magnitudes of functions and their rates of
change.
D. Continuity as a property of functions.
1. Understanding continuity in terms of limits.
2. Geometric understanding of graphs of continuous functions
(Intermediate Value Theorem and Extreme Value Theorem).

II. Derivatives
A. Concept of the derivative.
1. Derivative defined as the limit of the difference quotient.
2. Relationship between differentiability and continuity.
B. Derivative at a point.
1. Slope of a curve at a point.
2. Tangent line to a curve at a point and local linear approximation.
3. Instantaneous rate of change as the limit of average rate of change.
4. Approximate rate of change from graphs and tables of values.
C. Derivative as a function.
1. Corresponding characteristics of graphs of f and f '.
2. Relationship between the increasing and decreasing behavior of f
and the sign of f '.
3. The Mean Value Theorem and its geometric consequences.
4. Equations involving derivatives.
D. Second derivatives.
1. Corresponding characteristics of the graphs of f, f ', and f ''.
2. Relationship between the concavity of f and the sign of f ''.
3. Points of inflection as places where concavity changes.
El Calc

E. Applications of derivatives.
1. Analysis of curves, including the notion of
concavity.
b

a z
f '( x )dx = f (b) − f (a )

2. Optimization, both absolute (global) and relative (local) extrema.


3. Modeling rates of change, including related rates problems.
4. Use of implicit differentiation to find the derivative of an inverse
function.
5. Interpretation of the derivative as a rate of change in varied applied
contexts, including velocity, speed and acceleration.
F. Computation of derivatives.
1. Knowledge of derivatives of basic functions, including xr,
exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and inverse trigonometric
functions.
2. Basic rules for the derivative of sums, products and quotients of
functions.
3. Chain rule and implicit differentiation.

III. Integrals
A. Riemann sums
1. Concept of a Riemann sum over equal subdivisions.
2. Computation of a Riemann sum using left, right and midpoint
evaluation points.
B. Interpretations and properties of definite integral
1. Definite integral as a limit of Riemann sums.
2. Definite integral of the rate of change of a quantity over an interval
interpreted as the change of the quantity over the integral:

3. Basic properties of definite integrals.


C. Applications of integrals.
1. Area of a region.
2. Average value of a function

D. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

E. Techniques of antidifferentiation.
1. Antiderivatives following directly form derivatives of basic functions.
2. Antiderivatives by substitution of variables.
F. Applications of antiderivatives.
1. Finding specific antiderivatives using initial conditions, including
applications to motion along a line.
2. Solving separable differential equations and using them in
modeling. In particular, studying y ' = ky and exponential growth.
G. Numerical approximation to definite integrals.
1. Use of Riemann sums.
2. Use of Trapezoidal Rule.
El Calc

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To gain an understanding of the concepts of calculus and experience with its


methods and applications.
2. To familiarize the student with the format of the AP examination.
3. To give the student an understanding of the appropriate use of scientific
calculators in solving problems.

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

1. Reading of text and resource material.


2. Lectures.
3. Teacher directed small and large group instruction.
4. Homework assignments.
5. Cooperative learning groups.
6. Student projects.
7. Use of overhead projector and other audio-visual materials as appropriate.

METHODS OF EVALUATION

1. Attendance in accordance with school policy.


2. Assessment of homework and class assignments.
3. Assessment of group labs and /or projects.
4. Results of tests and quizzes.
5. Results of departmental examinations.
6. Appropriate keeping of a student journal (optional)

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Textbook: Calculus, Single Variable, 7th ed. by Larson, Hostetler, and Edwards,
Houghton Mifflin, 2002
2. Supplementary materials
3. Previous AP examinations
4. TI-83 Graphing Calculators
Rev 1998

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