THE ASSESSMENT OF TARDINESS AMONG GRADE 12 SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS IN RIZAL INTEGRATED

HIGH SCHOOL

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the Humanities and Social Sciences Rizal High School,
Pasig City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Course

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Presented to

MISS JONALYN D. GUNGON

By:

Dublin, Rizza Mae D.

Lehao, Aira A.

Iligan, Mary Claire P.

Manuel, Cherry Mae A

Mortifero, MaryJoy N

Ruiz, Hannah B.

Salva, Erica Shane S.J.

HUMSS-A
October 2017

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 Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which the following factors between place

of residency, mode of transportation, peer pressure, sleeping habit and teacher related factor influence

the students’ tardiness. The population of this study are the students of senior high in Rizal Integrated

High School. 316 students participated in the study. The ages of the participants ranged from 16 up to 20.

The instrument used in this study is survey questionnaire, of the five variables analyzed, only two proved

to have significant differences as perceived by the two groups of students. The two variables were: (1)

family structure in terms of presence of the father at home, and (2) students attitude along with the

finding, conclusions, and implications, it was recommended that the following initiatives be developed:

(1) parenting advice for the parents of those students identified as chronically tardy; (2) school wide

strategies that encourage students to arrive at school on time; (3) communication system that will inform

the parents of tardy students on daily basis; (4) programs to enhance positive teacher-student interactions

that will improve students perceptions of teachers; and (5) rewards for students and praise parents for

maintaining good attendance records in school.

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 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Punctuality defined as the act or state of valuing the time which particularly the opposite trait

that was subjected into this study and that is tardiness.

Tardiness refers to slow-paced , sluggish or too long delayed which very often seen in students

and leads to frequent absents (Varghese, S., 2014) also it has been defined as students coming late, not

attending lecture on time, missing out initial time from the first period and primarily not being present

in the time set (Malik et al., n.d.). However, some students are late to class on a regular basis, and

students are probably displaying a sort of disobedience or impedance. Thus, students are proper to

rationalize excuse, such as, traffic jam, parents care or job responsibilities that prevent them being

punctual attending the class. (Schneider, 1998) reported that the reality of classroom life may be very

different. All faculty are confronted with students who engage in behaviors that are disruptive to

the educational process. Students may be late for class, leave early, talk inappropriately, or sleep

during class. Students who possess regular attendances to school tend to achieve higher grades

compared to those students who are frequently absent ( Jones, 2006). Self discipline is also important

on how some manages their time. Therefore, it can said that time management is the foundation of

discipline for students that largely determined quality of their learning. Supportive school environment

especially teachers may play an important role in improving punctuality and time management skills for

student’s academic success.

The importance of punctuality is not universal and varies from culture to culture. In some places

like America and Pacific Islands, life moves at a different pace and meeting times are meant to be fuzzy.

But this does not negate the value of punctuality to a man living in a culture that does define being on

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time more strictly, just as the well-rounded man of the West seeks competence in things. Being punctual

strengthens and reveals your integrity. If you tell someone that you will meet them at a certain time,

you have essentially made a promise. And if you arrived after the scheduled time you have essentially

broke the promise and being on time shows others that you are a man of your word. And punctuality is

one of the best traits that an individual must possess have a light living particularly on students.

Background and its problem

Rizal High Integrated School is an institution or organization that handles a huge volume of

students and one of the biggest schools in Asia (Castarano 2010). This institution is definitely supported

and relative to the City Government of Pasig with the coordination of the Department of education. And

it is nearly possible that the school might have face or encounter several problems based on student

behavior or characteristics, because students clearly do vary from one another or different from one

another.

Based on the researchers’ observation it is stated that one of the common and usual problems

that the school and faculty teachers have is that there were complains about the massive instances and

situations that students were arriving late on the designated time schedules of their classes. Most of the

time, students were attending almost half of the school hours rather than having the prescribed and

allotted time for them to take into school. In fact there are many students were experiencing back

subjects or even dropping of subjects because the students already exceed the maximum hours that

they can be late. And since three late attendances is equivalent to one absent we can say that the

students were profoundly having most number of absents because of tardiness.

Other factors that students were captive of the term “tardiness” is that the students were not

attending lectures on time, missing out the initial time from the first period of the class and primarily

not being present in the time set. There are also situations wherein the students were absent on the

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major routine of the week which is attending the flag raising ceremony, misheard the important

announcements about the school regarding policies, implementation programs and many other

necessary things to be considered in the school. Also having the scenarios of not having the chance to

passed their requirements, projects or assignments, not making up their activities or examinations and

even losing the opportunity to pass the subject because of too much tardiness.

The researchers’ of this study found out the reasons behind these misleading happenings in the

school organization. Making at this point, the researchers’ figured out that one of the major causes and

reasons why the students are experiencing tardiness or lateness. The following reasons are elaborated

below and these as follows:

First of that is since the world nowadays were profoundly engaged in different kinds of modern

technology and high-standard equipment such as HD Televisions, tablets, Smart and Android Phones

and Online games, the students often enjoyed and definitely going to be interested of using it. So there

is a possible tendency that the students might don’t even notice the time and the students will go to bed

late at night or even midnight. And in result is the student woke up late and has no sufficient rest and

energy for the lesson on that day. Besides, lateness is caused by the innate anxiety level of an individual.

There are no positive incentives to be on time as students assume that there will be no constructive

activities nor surprise examinations will happen in the first five minutes of the class period.

Lastly, the lack of functional and effective punctuality policy too causes tardiness. It means that

as there are no suitable consequences and conditions for being tardy and nothing will happen. The

students will remain and will be doing the habit of being tardy whenever possible because the students

might think that there is no such rule or domination that students might get punished or be suspended

whenever the students are not following policies and premises of the school. Many researchers

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indicated that tardiness is a serious issue. The amount of time actually spent in the classroom is crucial

element of students’ academic success.

Students who possess regular attendances to school have the tendency to achieve higher grades

because of their good and better performance as well as the students participated well in all the

activities that the teacher gave compared to those students who are frequently absent. Students are

abstaining from the chances to learn. When they are absent from school, arrive late, or cut class,

student will find it difficult to pick up what is being taught in the school in his absence unless he engages

in off campus productively.

The learning of students who go to class on time is also regularly interrupted by tardy or

frequently absent students who cause class disruptions and intervene with other student chances to

learn. And in able to overcome the trait of being tardy the answer would be simply to be punctual and to

be the one who is responsible enough to all the actions that were made in relation to our future life.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

To understand why the grade 12 students is chronically tardy, researchers must understand

what the student is experiencing or expressing by performing the tardy behaviour. According to the

theorists, the behaviour could be conditioned upon stimuli prior to or resulting from the behaviour,

while others may suggest that it is based upon a lack of sleep, anxiety, low self-esteem or even

depression. There are many theorists with several varying theories.

Of course reasons for being late to class and other factors affecting the punctuality of a

student vary. There have been many theories that pointed out that tardiness is caused by the

personality of a person. Santillano (2010) stated that psychological theorists considered some

“personality traits, including low self-esteem and anxiety” as triggering factors of tardiness. She also

mentioned that while some theorists considered tardiness as an “inborn quality” since our being early or

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late is “partially biologically determined”, which she also agreed, other experts also believed that some

people are “chronically tardy” for the reason that they consciously and unconsciously get good things

from it. In the book cited by Santillano, “Never be late again: 7 cures for the punctually challenged”, the

author Diana DeLonzor suggested that some personality traits could most likely lead to a person being

often late. Some of the traits included were “struggling with self control”, “feeling nervous or

uncomfortable with social situations” and “getting distracted easily”. Santillano also discussed about the

study conducted by DeLonzor at San Francisco State University in 1997 in which she surveyed 225

respondents about their habits that makes them late from their appointments. It was also a test on the

personalities of the respondents that affect their habits. According to the results of DeLonzor’s study,

those respondents that were often tardy apt to be anxious and gets distracted easily. In a recent article

by Michele Novotni, she writes that people with ADHD are often running late because of poor time

management. They are often distracted and scrambling at the last minute to find things like keys, cell

phones, or finishing last second tasks.

Many theories also show the different factors that affects students’ tardiness and there are

three factors associated with students’ lateness behaviour. 1. Poor organization is the most common

reason for lateness. Students wait until the last minute, and then do not allow themselves enough time

to travel. 2. Going late to bed the individual involved in watching films and home videos may till the late

night, this could result in waking up late, as could be deduced from ,the literal meaning of the saying

“early to bed early to rise” (Nakpodia & dafiagor, 2011) 3. Family background the habit to lateness

could be learned from family members. For instance the, the person who sees the father always going

late to work could also either learn the habit, thus go to lecture late also. This is supported by

Peretomode (2001) and Egbule (2004), when they elaborated the concept of nature-nature as it affects

an individual’s habits. Moreover, it could be due to lack of parental supervision, domestic violence,

poverty, and differing attitudes toward education (U.S. Department).

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 The study was guided by the following conceptual framework

Research Paradigm

Tardiness

Tardiness is defined as not arriving, occurring or settled at the due,

usual, or proper time.

STEM
G12 RHS SHS HUMSS
ABM
The Deadliner
Types of personality ICT
The Rationalizer
prone to tardiness IA
The Producer
HE
The Indulger
SPORTS
The Rebel
The Absent Minded
Professor

Place of residency
Mode of transportation
Causes
Peer pressure
Sleeping habit
Teacher related factor

Failure
Drop outs
Effects Disruption of the lecture
Impede learning
Generally erode class morale

Preposition of Program
To promote Punctuality
Figure 1. Research Paradigm

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 Figure 1 presents the research paradigm of the study. It shows that tardiness defined as not

arriving, occurring or settled at the due, usual, or proper time. It has 10 types of personality who is

prone to tardiness that will discuss on the later chapter. The different tracks of senior high students

from Rizal High School will be the respondents of the researchers that will answer the main causes and

the possible negative effects of tardiness. The researchers will make a preposition of program to

promote punctuality.

Statement of the problem

The purpose of this study is to assess the tardiness of grade 12 students of Rizal High Integrated

School.

More specifically this research seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the student respondents in terms of

1.1 Gender

1.2 Types of person who’s prone to tardiness

1.3 Strands

2. What are the main causes of tardiness among respondents?

3. What are the reasons of tardiness?

4. What are the school program that can be proposed to diminish/decrease the occurrence of

tardiness among students?

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Assumption

The students who are prone to tardiness are boys from ICT strands and the type of personal

behavior is the deadliner- who enjoys the rush of the last minute of time. The main cause of tardiness is

sleeping habits and the effect of this is failure in academic performance.

Significance of the study

Lateness among schools is increasing and spreading. Everywhere is a way that cannot be

controlled in our societies. A close look at the factors that are responsible for it, it’s the purpose of the

study. The importance of this can never be over liked in the process of learning experience had shown

that children who are habitual late comer never do well in their academics, this is true because before

their arrival it is very likely for them missing some steps in the teaching/learning process. This will affect

their learning adversely.

This study aims to understand and determined on how the different factors, like peer pressure,

place of residency, mode of transportation, etc. affects the students, parents, teachers, administrators,

and schools.

For students, it affects on how they can easily learn and focus. When a student is late to school,

they miss out on important instruction. Every minute that a student is in school is important to her

learning. When they are tardy, they face the challenge of trying to settle in and catch up with what other

students are doing. They are behind and have to struggle to understand material the teacher has already

explained. Being late is detrimental to her learning, especially if it occurs on a consistent basis. Other

students also suffer when their classmates are late to school. They have to wait to proceed with a lesson

because the teacher is busy trying to catch the late child up. The interruption of a door opening into a

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classroom and the teacher having to address who is coming in is distracting and can cause students to

lose their concentration as well. It wastes time to deal with and then recover from an interruption

caused by someone coming in late to class.

Parents almost always want the best for their children -- many harbour dreams of top colleges,

followed by lucrative careers within a global, competitive economy. In order for kids to meet these

expectations, though, they must perform well during the school years, so it concerns them because they

are the one who’s supporting the student financially, so if the grades of the students are low it will make

them feel bad.

It affects the teachers, because of those chronically late students, the discussion will be

interrupt. When students come to class late, it can disrupt the flow of a lecture or discussion, distract

other students, impede learning, and generally erode class morale. This study will help teachers know

the factors that affect students’ tardiness and help guide instructors to appropriate responses and

strategies. Understanding the reasons, however, does not require tolerating the behaviour.

As for administrators, it is one of the struggles they are facing all the time because they are the

one who has a record of those late students, by recommending them a solutions it will help them lessen

their job and make a program to solve this problem.

Schools stress the need for students to get to school and class on time and with good reason.

Studies conducted by the U.S. Department of Education on truancy, which is connected with tardiness,

show that school attendance is a major factor when it comes to school success and student behaviour. It

affects the image of schools if their students are always late, so by recommending them a solution it will

make the school good and well-known as a school that has a well-discipline student.

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Scope and Limitations of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to assess the tardiness among grade 12 senior high students

from Rizal High School SY: 2017-2018 and to give a solution or to lessen the problem of school about

tardiness of students.

The researchers limited the study to 315 respondents. Each of the respondents was given a

questionnaire to answer. The students selected came from six different tracks to prevent bias and get

objective perceptions.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the researchers define some of the terms:

 Accountancy Business Management - focus on the basic concepts of financial management,

business management, corporate operations, and all things that are accounted for. ABM can
also lead you to careers on management and accounting which could be sales manager, human
resources, marketing director, project officer, bookkeeper, accounting clerk, internal auditor,
and a lot more.
 Home Economics - offers various specializations that can lead to livelihood projects at home.
This strand aims to give you job-ready skills that can help you in finding the right employment.

 Humanities and Social Sciences - This is for those who are considering taking up journalism,
communication arts, liberal arts, education, and other social science-related courses in college.
If you take this strand, you could be looking forward to becoming a teacher, a psychologist, a
lawyer, a writer, a social worker, or a reporter someday. This strand focuses on improving your
communication skills.

 Industrial Arts- Industrial Arts will provide you the skills and knowledge on carpentry,
automotive servicing, driving, electronics repair, electrical installation, welding, plumbing, and
tile setting..
 Information Communication Technology - is an extended term for information technology (IT)
which stresses the role of unified communications[1] and the integration
of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as
necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable
users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.[2]

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 Mode of Transportation- is a term used to distinguish substantially different ways to perform.
The different modes of transport are air, water, and land transport, which include rail, road and
off-road transport. Other modes also exist, including pipelines, cable transport, and space
transport.
 Place of Residency- A person can have two places of residence, such as one in the city and one
in the country, but only one domicile. Residence means living in a particular locality, but
domicile means living in that locality with the intent to make it a fixed and permanent home.
 Peer Pressure- a feeling that one must do the same things as other people of one's age and
social group in order to be liked or respected by them She started drinking in high school
because of peer pressure.
 Punctuality— The quality or habit of adhering to an appointed time.
 Rizal High School- commonly known as RHS an institution of secondary education based in
Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines, has been listed as the “largest secondary school in the world
since 1993 by the Guinness Book of World Records until 2005 when City Montessori School in
Luck now, India held the title of the world's biggest school, when it had 29,212 pupils, beating
Rizal High School in Manila, Philippines, which had 19,738 pupils
 Science, technology, engineering and mathematics - is the academic
disciplines of science, technology, engineering andmathematics.[1] This term is typically used
when addressing education policy and curriculum choices in schools, to improve
competitiveness in science and technology development. It has implications for workforce
development, national security concerns and immigration policy
 Sleeping Habit - Your behaviors during the day, and especially before bedtime, can have a
major impact on your sleep. They can promote healthy sleep or contribute to sleeplessness. ...
The term “sleep hygiene” refers to a series of healthy sleep habits that can improve your ability
to fall asleep and stay asleep.
 Senior High School-A secondary school typically comprising the three highest grades.
 Senior High School Students-Is a secondary school that students attend in the three or four
highest grades before college. A high school where someone is a freshman, sophomore, junior
and senior in 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades is an example of a senior high school.
 Tardiness— The quality or habit of not adhering to a correct or usual or expected time.
 Teacher Related Factor- Research shows that effective teachers are the most important factor
contributing to student achievement. It is clear that the common denominator in school
improvement and student achievement is the teacher.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents studies and observations made by local and foreign writers and

researchers on the assessment of tardiness gathered by the researchers from books, journals including

theses and other printed materials related to the present study which are reviewed in this chapter.

Theoretical and Conceptual Literature

Tardiness is the quality of being late. When people don't show up on time, they're guilty of

tardiness. When you're late for something, you're tardy, so tardiness refers to the habit of being late.

What are the definitions, types, cause and effects of it?

 Definitions— Tardiness is an act of being late or not being on an expected time.

 Types— Diana DeLonzor, author of “Never Be Late Again: 7 Cures for the Punctually

Challenged,” classifies these personality types as prone to lateness. The Deadliner— Enjoys the

rush of the last minute, The Rationalizer— Has difficulty with self-motivation in general, The

Producer— Puts an emphasis on getting as much done in as little time as possible, The Rebel—

Feels compelled to break the little everyday rules that most people take in stride, The Absent-

minded Professor— Is easily distracted. People who are easily distracted also tend to have

difficulty with other attention matters — they lose track of time, misplace keys, and forget

appointments, and lastly, The Evader— This type of late person subconsciously feels that if they

can make themselves and her surroundings perfect, they will feel less anxious.

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  Effects— causes of tardiness will lead to serious effects. According to the national

initiative Attendance Works, missing just 10 percent of the school year in the early grades causes

many students to struggle in primary school, and lateness in later grades is associated with

increased failure and dropout rates. A nonprofit’ policy research and educational organization,

reports that frequent tardiness is associated with lower grades and lower scores on standardized

tests. It is also linked to low graduation rates. In addition, students who are routinely late at the

primary and middle school levels are more likely to fail in senior school -- or even drop out. In many

classrooms, particularly at the primary level, morning routines are critical to daily lessons.

 Causes— these are the common causes on why students are being late in school. Also, the flag

ceremony is done during Monday to Friday and is usually followed by announcement and updates.

And as a result of being tardy, many of the students miss the announcements. When a student comes

to school late, it causes him/her to get off to bad start and disrupts the classroom. Going late to bed

and waking up late next morning are the most common. The distance between the student’s home

and school or solely the school’s location is also considered by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor as a possible

cause for tardiness. Not just because it takes more time to get to school, but according to the

authors, the student is susceptible to more distractions and hindrances along the way.

Synthesis

It is clear from literature that tardiness is a major problem. Not only do students lose valuable

educational instruction when they arrive late, but they disrupt the educational environment and distract

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others who are in the class. Excessive student tardiness has a negative impact upon a student's future

(Ried, 2000).

Students who are frequently tardy have lower grades, scores on standardized assessments, and

graduation rates. Chronic tardiness in elementary and middle school is associated with failure in high

school. A national study reported higher rates of absenteeism and tardiness for dropouts (Ekstrom,

Goertz, Pollack, and Rock, 1986).

Studies:

Foreign

 A study by Hammill Institute on Disabilities (Caldarella, Christensen, Young & Densley,

2011), looked at decreasing tardiness in primary school-aged students using teacher-written praise

notes. The researcher discussed on how tardiness affects the academic performance of the

students, as to these effects, authors suggest using praise as a specific positive reinforcement

strategy, as it has proved to be effective for addressing problem behaviour. ‘Praise has been

recognized as perhaps the easiest modification teachers can make to address students’ problem

behaviours,’ the study notes. When implementing this strategy, the authors point out that there

are several things to consider. Firstly, they suggest using recent school data to identify which

students show a consistent pattern of being late. ‘For example, it makes little sense to intervene

with a student who had a pattern of tardiness at the beginning of the school year but is currently

tardy only occasionally.’

In relationship in this study, at a secondary school level, chronic tardiness can significantly reduce

the minutes of instruction for all students enrolled in the class, not just the tardy student. a system-level

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intervention is required to combat student tardiness, to ensure guidelines are current and consequences

for tardy behaviour is implemented and effective.

The report recommends a preventative school wide plan include the following:

 First and second offense is warning.

 Third offense, Phone call home by teacher

 Fourth offense, administrators/guidance office.

 Phone call home to parents by Attendance Counsellor after teacher’s call

 Referral to the Vice-Principal

 Call parents

 Assign time in the office

 Potential suspension/in-school suspension from school

 Parental meeting in office

 In Nigeria, more than in many other country is education, most necessary and suited as

an effective instrument for National Development. This is because, Nigeria, being an African

country, previously colonized by the British, and a third world country, is still bedevilled with

political, social and economic problems which can be resolved only through sound education.

Nigeria’s situation is further compounded by its multilingual and multiethnic situation which calls

for an astute sensitivity as well as precarious balancing which is possible only by virtue of sound

minds obtained from sound education. The Nigerian National Policy on Education, a document first

published in 1977 is the foundational document on any aspect or issues relating to education in

Nigeria. The document specifies “Government’s way of realizing those parts of the national goals

which can be achieved using education as a tool.” (P.6) Lateness to school by pupils is one of the

observable problems bedevilling the education system in Nigeria. Lateness to school relates simply

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to the failure to be present at appropriate times for school activities/lesson – leading to certain

deficiencies in the attainment of the goals and objectives of the institution. The subject of lateness

to school, though not specifically mentioned in the National Policy on Education, may however be

related to ascertain elements in every aspects of the policy. For example, the principles of

‘harmony’ and ‘equality’ mentioned in the overall philosophy of Nigeria (P.6 paragraph. 2a) may be

fundamentally derailed by lateness of pupils to school. A pupil who was not in the school during

morning assembly may miss out on some important information and may thus be subject to some

acts that could cause disharmony in the institution. Also, where a pupil is punished for lateness and

another is not, for the same offence, may lead to the undermining of the principle of ‘equality’ in

the country.

For Filipinos, being late and starting things late has always been part of our culture.

Many Filipinos seems to either practice it or accept it, so much that we’ve been given a term for

it — Filipino Time. And it seems that the students here Philippines are applying this thought all the

time. Tardy to school makes a student ineligible for all sports and intramural participation, music

exchanges, drama productions and field trips for that entire day. If a student is late for any part of a

school day, the student may be behind in a practice, team or extracurricular group on that day

 A blogger, J. Kent Gervasini discussed in his blog on how tardiness’ affects in Workplace,

Staff Morale and Business Operations. When we think about how much time and energy goes

into managing this type of behaviour by the Denver employer, one could certainly conclude in a

frustrated moment, that workplace tardiness is not in the best interest of any organization, and

in the business world, is not considered normal or expected behaviour. Workplace Tardiness

Affects Staff Morale, Lowers Respect and Negatively Impacts Business Operations. Workplace

tardiness has serious consequences for the employee and employer alike. Tardy employees affect

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 the morale and motivation of others. Furthermore, if the tardy employee's behaviour is not

managed immediately by your firm’s supervisory or management staff, employees' respect for

your organization is lowered. On the other hand, tolerance of workplace tardiness by company

management also affects your company’s loss of productivity to include interruption of work

flow, employee efficiencies, loss of team participation, on-time delivery of services and customer

service issues, etc.

And as to schools, there’s no difference between the tardiness of students and the

tardiness of employee, tardiness in both aspects has a big effects. As to students, it will affect

their academic performance while in employees, their salary will decrease and there’s a

possibility that they will not be promoted or demote.

Local

 Based on the essay of the students in Tandag National Science High School in Tabon

Tabon Quezon Tandag City, A tardy student presents lack of responsibility. Also being tardy all

the time in class shows carelessness and waste of time. For them being on time is not only a duty

for students, but also a part of good manners, respect and reputation. In their first paragraph

they also said that students should know how to value their time and do their best not to be

tardy at all times. After the first paragraph they also mention that there are many problems in

their school caused by tardiness.

What then is tardiness? Tardiness is an instance of being late, not only for school but

also for work and for the Rizal High School students their opinion was tardiness in much an issue

for students nowadays to them it seems to be a normal thing. Most of them come to school,

attend their classes and scheduled appointments non on time. They all have their own reasons;

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 traffic, working slow etc. Many teachers get disappointed, but up to now, the students are still

unaware of what they are doing. Tardiness is one of the nearly common causes that affect the

lives of the high school students. But, how can tardiness affect our lives as a student?

 The Philippines is a country where traffic is notorious. It takes literally hours to get from

point A to point B. Over the years, the Filipinos have acquired an attitude that we will get there

when we get there. The Filipinos are inherently self-effacing that they have unintentionally given

new meaning to the term "fashionably late." Filipinos are not encouraged to look further than

today, or even this very hour. What is encouraged is the laid back attitude bordering on apathy. In

more recent years of democracy, the disease has still gone undiagnosed. However, there is a logical

and scientific explanation behind most things. Some sociology experts and psychologists are merely

piecing together some general observations to explain this astounding phenomenon. To set the

record straight; Filipinos are not late because they are flagrantly inconsiderate or thoughtless. For

the most part, we know what time we need to be there, the intention is to be there, but for some

reason, we still get there 15 minutes late, half an hour late, even an hour late. Most of us will shrug

it off. We were late and that was that. Very few will take a moment to step back and think there

must be a root cause, some psychological reason why this is so.

Filipino students as to 21st generations are more likely apply the thought of Filipino time in

schools and in any extracurricular activities. Many studies show that being late in this school and

without good attendance. Students will not achieve their potential and benefit fully from the

excellent quality of teaching and learning experiences the school provides. Irregular attendance

leads to educational disadvantage and puts young people at risk of limited life chances.

 According to Anthony Raymundo a professor of Kidapawan City National High School, he

states about the wide variation in the classroom styles of instructors. For example, some instructors

are bothered if students arrive a few minutes late; others are not. There is also a wide variation in

20
 departmental cultures, some of which may tolerate lateness more than others. Students in

kidapawan, moreover, may come from cultures with a less strict emphasis on timeliness. Because of

this variability, students’ expectations regarding being on time may be substantially different from

those of a particular instructor. Moreover, students may have an incorrect set of expectations

regarding lateness in certain kinds of courses, such as courses that meet in the evening, are large,

meet for 3 to 4 hours or more, or have relatively informal formats (e.g., studios, labs).

In relation to this study, researchers studied and observe the Rizal high students and the

staff that is working in a named school, and it seems that the guards or the one who has the

authority to secure the school are less strict when it comes to the tardiness of the senior high

students. The securities of school hold the tardy students in gate and ask the students to get a ¼

sheet of paper then write their name, section and adviser in it. Then just that, they will let the

students go to their respective rooms.

Synthesis

 Many studies and theories are shown, the importance of this is to assess on why the

students are chronically late especially in their first subject. It doesn’t matter what time you get up,

start getting ready or leave the house, you’ll still be late. Your lateness is rarely a reflection on your

enthusiasm or commitment. Punctuality means commitment. If you are committed then you are

responsible to go to school early. Being late is not something people tend to have a lot of sympathy

for, but as tardy types have been saying for years, it’s not our fault. It is hoped that this study will

add to the body of knowledge on student tardiness in the field of education, specifically, educational

leadership.

21
 Chapter III

METHODS AND PROCEDURE

This chapter deals with the methods used in the study: design, locale, instrument, sampling

techniques/procedure; data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The study uses the qualitative research design and adopts the descriptive method in eliciting data

for analysis because the study seeks to answer the questions about the assessment of tardiness among

grade 12 senior students in Rizal integrated high school.

Research Instrument

The researcher will utilize a qualitative research questionnaire.

The first part of the questionnaire is about the profile of the respondents, second part is about

the personality that describe the behaviour of the respondents when they experience tardiness, the third

part is determine the main reason of the respondent’s tardiness, the last part will tell us the negative

effects of tardiness that they encountered when they come to school late.

Sampling Procedures

The respondents of the study are selected by the researchers according to their strand. The researchers

choose the random sampling techniques. G12 senior high students are chosen to be not particular with

the set of standards and to avoid bias on part of students. We used the slovins formula to determine the

number of respondents.

22
Data Gathering Procedure

This section contains all the steps done by the researchers in gathering the data needed which includes

three phases namely – the pre-data gathering phase, the data gathering phase and the post data gathering

phase.

Figure 2 follows with a presentation of the paradigm of the data gathering procedures.

Pre Data Gathering Data Gathering Post Data Gathering

• Observing for topic •Distributing the survey •Interpreting the data

• Analyzing the problem questionnaire and to •Categorizing the assessment of

• Determining the importance of respondents tardiness among grade 12

the study •Collecting the survey students of rizal integrated high

•Deciding the method of questionnaire school of the respondents.

research to use • Checking and recording of data •Summarizing the data

•Identifying the respondents •Making conclusion

and locale •Formulating recommendations

• Constructing of instrument

•Validating and revising the

instruments

•Submitting a letter to conduct

survey

23
Pre-data Gathering Phase

To decide what topic to be made, the researchers do observe the outstanding issue with regards

to the conflict among the academic performance of the students’ nowadays. They come to a decision to

do a research about the assessment of tardiness among grade 12 students of rizal integrated high school.

After this, the researchers will come to a program proposal to eliminate the tardiness of the students in

Rizal High School.

The researchers then analyze what method of research to use. Since the topic is about

determining the answer the questions about the current status of subject of the study which is the

assessment of tardiness among grade 12 student as respondents, they use descriptive analytical method

under qualitative research design.

To be able to finalize the study, the researchers then consider who will be their respondents and

where the research will be conducted.

The researchers also decide what instruments to use in the study. Before administering the

survey, the researchers submit a letter of request to conduct the study to their research teacher, Ms

Jonalyn Gungon and to their research adviser, Ms kennette Jean Aguilar.

Data Gathering Phase

Upon the approval of the letter to conduct the study, the survey is administered to respondents.

The researchers distribute the survey questionnaire. The data are tallied and recorded.

Post-data Gathering Phase

After administering the survey questionnaire to the respondents, the researchers interpret the

data gathered. They classify the based on the result appeared on the survey questionnaire.

24
 Based on the result, researchers summarize the study, make conclusion and provide list of

recommendations supported by the result of the data.

Treatment of the Data

After the data gathering instruments are retrieved and the frequency count is done, tallied and

tabulated, these are then statistically treated using the following statistical tools.

1. Slovins Formula. The formula used for slovins is as follows:

n= N

1+Ne^2

Where:

N = population

n = sample size

e = margin of error

2. Percentage. The formula used for percentage is as follows:

Percentage = ∑X

x 100

Where :

X = frequency N = total number of respondents

25
 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results and discussions which further show the presentation

of the analyses and interpretation of the data derived in the study using methods and

procedures described in Chapter 3.

What is the profile of the student respondents in terms of:

Table 1.

I. Frequency & Percentage distribution of respondents according to Gender:

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

MALE 144 45.57%

FEMALE 172 54.43%

TOTAL 316 100%

Table 1 shows that 172 of the respondents are female with a percentage of 54.43 and 144 of the

respondents are male with a percentage of 45.57. Therefore, majority of the respondents are female.

Based on the findings female is the most frequent numbers who are prone to tardiness with the

frequency of 172 and a percentage of 54.43%

26
Table 2.

II. Frequency & Percentage distribution of respondents according to Strands:

FREQUENCY PERENTAGE RANK

STEM 46 14.56% 4

ABM 70 22.15% 2

HUMSS 26 8.23% 5

ICT 86 27.22% 1

IA 12 3.80% 7

HE3 55 17.41% 3

HE4 14 4.43% 6

SPORTS 7 2.2% 8

TOTAL 316 100

Table 2 shows that out of 316 86 or 27.22% are from ICT, 70 0r 22.15% from ABM, 55 or 17.41%

from HE3, 46 or 14.56% from STEM, 26 or 8.23% from HUMSS, 14 or 4.43% from HE4, 12 or 3.80% from

IA and lastly, 7 or 2.2% from SPORTS.

Based on the findings ICT got the most frequent numbers of respondents with the frequency of

86 and a percentage of 27.22% while, Sports have only 7 respondents with a percentage of 2.2%

27
Table 3.

III. Frequency & Percentage distribution according to the respondents types of prone to

tardiness.

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
The rationalizer. 77 24.37%
The Producer 68 21.52%
The deadliner 61 19.30%
The Indulger 65 20.57%
The Rebel 22 6.96%
The Absent-minded professor 14 4.43%
The Evader 9 2.85%
TOTAL 316 100

Table 3 shows that out of 316 respondents, 77 or 24.37% said that they are the type of person

who enjoys the rush of last minute (The rationalizer), 68 or 21.52% said that they are the type of person

who’s always late because of certain reasons, like traffic jams, school works, and busy schedules(The

Producer). and 65 or 20.57% said that, they are the type of person who plans and estimate how much

they’ll be able to accomplish things in a specific period of time(The Indulger), and 61 or 19.30% said that

they are the type of person who’s always late because they don’t feel like going to school early(The

deadliner). And 22 or 6.96% said that they are being late because they want to and they resist going to

school early(The Rebel). They love defying rules. 14 or 4.43% are the type of respondents who’s always

distracted by things, which makes them late all the time(The absent-minded professor), and lastly 9 or

2.85% of respondents said that they are the type of person who makes their surroundings perfect before

leaving their house(The Evader).

28
 Based on the findings Rationalizer got the frequency of 77 and the percentage of 24.37% while

the evader got the lowest frequency of 9 with the percentage of 2.85

What are the main causes of tardiness among respondents?

Table 4.

I. Frequency & Percentage distribution on the main reasons for tardiness.

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Diffficulty in coming to school 69 21.84
early
Mode of transportation 170 53.80
Peer pressure 62 19.62
Teacher-related factore 15 4.74
TOTAL 316 100

Table 4 shows that out of 316 respondents, 170 or 53.80% said that the main reason/cause of

their tardiness is the mode of transportation, 69 or 21.84% said that they are having difficulties in coming

to school early, 62 or 19.62% said that they come late to school because they are waiting for their friends,

while 15 or 4.74% said that they come to school late because they don’t like their subject teacher.

Based on the findings, the main reason of the students’ tardiness is the mode of transportation

with the frequency of 170 and a percentage of 53.80 while only a few said that the main reason is the

teacher-related factor with the frequency of 15 and a percentage of 4.74

29
 What are the reasons of tardiness?

Table 5.

I. Frequency & Percentage distribution on the effects of tardiness.

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Failure in subjects 81 25.63%
Lecture was disrupted 147 46.52%
Generally destroy class morale 56 17.72%
kick out of my previous school 7 2.22%
Slow learning 25 7.91%
TOTAL 316 100

Table 5 shows that out of 316 respondents, 147 or 46.52% said that the possible effects of their

tardiness is disrupting the lesson of their teacher, 81 or 25.63% said having failure in subjects and 56 or

17.72% said they generally destroy class morale and 25 or 7.91% said having slow learning while 7 or

2.22% said that because of their consistency in tardiness they are kick out of previous school.

Based on the findings the possible negative effects of their tardiness is disrupting teacher’s lecture

with a frequency of 147 and a percentage of 46.52, while only a few said that they kick out on their

previous school with the frequency of 7 and a percentage of 2.22

Chapter V

30
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter includes the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study.

Summary of Findings

This study is conducted to find out the assessment of tardiness among senior high school during

school year 2017-2018. The research instrument used is a researcher made questionnaires.

The data are tallied, tabulated, and statistically treated using frequency count, percentage and

mean.

The study reveals the following findings:

Problem 1. What is the profile of the student respondents in terms of gender?

172 of the respondents are female with a percentage of 54.43 and 144 of the respondents are

male with a percentage of 45.57. therefore, majority of the respondents are female.

Problem 2. What is the profile of the student respondents in terms of strands?

Out of 316 86 or 87.22% are from ICT, 70 0r 22.15% from ABM, 55 or 17.41% from HE3, 46 or

14.56% from STEM, 26 or 8.23% from HUMSS, 14 or 4.43% from HE4, 12 or 3.80% from IA and lastly, 7 or

2.2% from SPORTS.

Problem 3. What is the profile of the student respondents in terms of types of personality prone to

tardiness?

31
 Out of 316 respondents, 77 or 24.37% said that they are the type of person who enjoys the rush

of last minute, 68 or 21.52% said that they are the type of person who’s always late because of certain

reasons…and 65 or 20.57% said that, they are the type of person who plans and estimate how much they’ll

be able to accomplish things in a specific period of time, and 61 or 19.30% said that they are the type of

person who’s always late because they don’t feel like going to school early. And 22 or 6.96% said that they

are being late because they want to and they resist going to school early. They love defying rules. 14 or

4.43% are the type of respondents who’s always distracted by things, which makes them late all the time,

and lastly 9 or 2.85% of respondents said that they are the type of person who makes their surroundings

perfect before leaving their house.

Problem 4. What are the main cause of tardiness among respondents?

Out of 316 respondents, 170 or 53.80% said that the main reason/cause of their tardiness is the

mode of transportation, 69 or 21.84% said that they are having difficulties in coming to school early, 62

or 19.62% said that they come late to school because they are waiting for their friends, while 15 or 4.74%

said that they come to school late because they don’t like their subject teacher.

Problem 5. What are the reasons of tardiness?

Out of 316 respondents, 147 or 46.52% said that the possible effects of their tardiness is disrupting

the lesson of their teacher, 81 or 25.63% said having failure in subjects and 56 or 17.72% said they

generally destroy class morale and 25 or 7.91% said having slow learning while 7 2.22% said that because

of their consistency in tardiness they are kick out of previous school.

32
Conclusions

Based on the findings on this study, the following conclusions are drawn from the researchers.

 Majority of the respondents are female.

 The study was dominant by ICT students.

 Majority of the respondents said that they are the type of person who enjoys the rush of last

minute.

 Majority of the respondents said that the main reason/cause of their tardiness is the mode of

transportation.

 Majority of the respondents said that the possible effects of their tardiness is disrupting the

lesson of their teacher.

33
Recommendation

The following measures are the recommended based on conclusions drawn from this study.

 Make the first subject of the class interesting, motivate the students, especially those female

students whose majority of the respondents, use a few motivational strategies to have the desired

impact on student’s tardiness’ and attendance problems. And at the same time, set a rule for

them to be able to attend school early.

 To most effectively build on time behavior, identify and address the source of the lateness. The

problem of the ICT students may be modified by giving them skills to plan a wake-up-and-get-

ready schedule for arriving on time.

 Majority of the respondents are the deadliner which is the type of person who enjoys the rush of

last minute by Delonzor’s article. Since the source of their lateness has been identified, offer a

step-by-step help. Plan to teach a student some skills in a manner that is a systematic and

organized as the approach that would use to teach them in coming on time to their class.

 Majority of the respondents said that the main reason/cause of their tardiness is the mode of

transportation. To help the students improved their attendance the pace of change may be more

rapid in students whose tardiness is primarily due to transportation problems. Mastering new

skills requires time and practice to hold reasonable expectations.

 Majority of the respondents said that the possible effect of their tardiness is disrupting the lesson

of their teacher. To help the teachers and the students not to disrupt the lesson. Make strategies

that will make the students help the teachers not to disrupt their lessons, especially the first

subject teacher.

34
Bibliography

Abernathy T. (1989, April). Adapting learning contexts to develop desirable personal and
vocational traits. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Council for
Exceptional Children, San Francisco, CA.

Bergman J. (1978). Helping the habitually late student. Independent School, 38(2), 45–46.

Burnett P. C. (2002). Teacher praise and feedback and students’ perceptions of the classroom
environment. Educational Psychology, 22(1), 5–16.

Paren, R. (2015, June). Education in the Philippines. Time, 167(15), retrieved from
http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/apa/magazine

Russel, A. (1990, May 3). Factors affecting chronically tardy students in a selected elementary
school of Dekalb Country School System. Retrieved from
http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3834&context=dissertati
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Shocker,L.(2013,November 7).This is why you’re Late All theTime (And What To About It).
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lateness_n_4229057.html

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Vukovic,R.(2017,February).The effect of student tardiness on learning. New York Time,103(11)

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35
 APPENDICES

Grade 12 Senior High Population in Rizal High School

STEM ABM HE 3

Section A - 44 Section A - 43 Section A - 44

Section B - 43 Section B - 42 Section B - 43

Section C - 44 Section C - 42 Section C - 44

Section D - 42 Section D - 41 Section D - 44

Section E – 43 Section E - 42 Section E - 41

Total : 216 Section F - 40 Section F - 43

Section G - 41 Total : 259

HUMSS Section H - 41

Section A - 42 Total : 332 SPORTS

Section B - 42 Section A - 32

Section C - 39 ICT Total : 32

Total : 123 Section A – 41

Section B - 42

IA Section C - 41

Section A - 25 Section D - 41

Section B - 30 Section E – 42

Total : 55 Section F - 42

HE 4 Section G - 40

Section A – 29 Section H - 42

Section B - 36 Section I - 43

Total : 65 Section J - 44

Total : 418

36
Slovins Formula : n=N

1+Ne^2

Where :

n = sample size

N = population

e = margin of error

n = 1500

1+ 1500 (0.05)^2

n = 1500

4.75

n = 316 respondents

Number of respondents in every strand

STEM - 46

ABM - 70

HUMSS - 26

ICT - 86

IA - 12

HE 3 - 55

HE 4 - 14

SPORTS - 7

37