i.

Letter of Transmittal

__________

May 17, 2018

Engr. __________

Faculty of Engineering

________

Dear Engr. __________

This proposal, entitled “Proposed Renewable Energy Plant on Region IV – A

(CALABARZON)” was submitted as completion for the prerequisites of the

subject Professional Elective 1. This proposal is collectively created by

________. The proponents are currently 4th Year Electrical Engineering

Students enrolled in ________.

This proposal explore the feasibility of creating a renewable energy power

plant in one of the many regions in our country. For our group in particular,

the assigned region was Region IV – A, otherwise known as CALABARZON,

composed of the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon.

Multiple types of renewable energy power plants will be considered in this

1
proposal, with considerations being taken into what is most abundant for

any particular region.

Yours Truly,

__________.

EEE41

2
ii. Acknowledgement

We would first like to express our deepest gratitude to God for guiding and

giving us wisdom and strength in the making of our case study. Without

Him, nothing would be possible. We would also like to express our deepest

gratitude to our parents for helping and supporting us in the process of

making our case study. We are forever grateful for having them as our

parents. We would also like to extend our deepest gratitude to our

professors ______ and ______ for guiding us and providing us with

feedbacks and suggestions that will further improve our case study. Lastly,

we would also like to thank our classmates and friends, for they helped us

even if we are from different groups.

3
iii. Abstract/Preface

This proposal is about the feasibility of creating a renewable energy power

plant in the 4th region of our country, Region IV – A, also known as

CALABARZON, because of the starting or ending letters of the provinces

that comprises this region, namely Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and

Quezon. Region IV – A comprises of different land and water features, which

makes it suitable for constructing different types of renewable energy

power plants. Quezon province is comprised of large hectares of agricultural

land, which, with permission from the government, into large solar panel

fields suitable for supplying electricity to those that need it. Quezon and

Cavite also has mountainous regions which is suitable for constructions of

high altitude wind farms, which, theoretically, can produce more wind

power, as higher altitudes produces higher wind speeds, and the amount

of power produced by the wind is proportional to the cube of the wind

speed. Laguna, on the other hand, has plenty of bodies of water that is

capable of producing significant amount of power.

Considerations are taken in choosing the best type of renewable energy

power plant, such as the amount of irradiance being received by a particular

place for solar power plants, the wind speed for wind farms, and the water

head and/or volumetric flow rate for the construction of hydroelectric power

plants. The proponents also take into consideration the cost estimate for

the materials needed for the construction of such plants.

4
All the data used for the sample computations for each proposed power

plant is taken from already established websites and data, such as solar

irradiance maps and wind maps, and rough estimates are taken from these

maps, as the proponents are unable to get direct measurement from the

location itself or from the Department of Energy for each particular

province. All the formulas used are taken directly from lectures, or searched

from the Internet.

5
Table of Contents

i. Letter of Transmittal ------------------------------- 1

ii. Acknowledgement --------------------------------- 3

iii. Abstract/Preface ---------------------------------- 4

iv. Table of Contents --------------------------------- 6

I. Introduction ---------------------------------------- 7

II. Potential Renewable Energy Sources ------------ 11

III. Energy Calculations ------------------------------ 13

IV. Proposed Renewable Energy --------------------- 16

V. Proposed Location & Layout/Drawing ------------ 17

VI. Cost Estimate ------------------------------------- 20

VII. Conclusion and Recommendation --------------- 21

VIII. References -------------------------------------- 22

6
I. Introduction

Renewable energy is usage is continually on the rise, not just in

abroad, but also here in the Philippines. In 2016, roughly 26% of the total

energy produced came from renewable energy sources, such as

hydropower and geothermal power. The Department of Energy laid out a

foundation that will help the country in the development and optimal usage

of the country’s renewable energy sources. This foundation is the National

Renewable Energy Program (NREP). This program outlines the policy

frameworks enshrined in Republic Act 9513, which is “An act promoting the

Development, Utilization and Commercialization of Renewable Energy

resources and for Other Purposes.” It sets the strategic building blocks that

will help the country achieve the goals set forth in the Renewable Energy

Act of 2008. The NREP signals the country's big leap from fragmented and

halting RE initiatives into a focused and sustained drive towards energy

security and improved access to clean energy. The NREP sets out indicative

interim targets for the delivery of renewable energy within the timeframe

of 2011 to 2030. Meeting the massive targets up to 2020 will be challenging

as detailed planning, financing, and building of renewable energy

infrastructure will have to be undertaken at a scale, and within a time

frame, never done before. The NREP lays down the foundation for

developing the country's renewable energy resources, stimulating

investments in the RE sector, developing technologies, and providing the

impetus for national and local renewable energy planning that will help

7
identify the most feasible and least-cost renewable energy development

options. With this in mind, NREP seeks to increase the RE – based capacity

of the country to an estimated 15,304MW by the year 20130, almost triple

its 2010 level.

Calabarzon, formally known as Southern Tagalog Mainland, and

designated as Region IV – A, is an administrative region in the Philippines

composed of 5 provinces, namely, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and

Quezon. It is the most populous region in the Philippines, having roughly

14,417,774 inhabitants in 2015. It has a total area of 16,873.31 km2.

According to the National Grid Corporation Power Situation Outlook for April

1, 2018, the Luzon Grid has as system capacity of 10461 MW, with a

System Peak of 8481 MW, and a reserve of 1980 MW. The following are

short profiles for each province in the region:

Cavite - Cavite is a province in the Philippines located on the

southern shores of Manila Bay in the Calabarzon region on Luzon island.

Situated just 21-kilometre (13 mi) south of the capital, it is one of the most

industrialized and fastest growing provinces because of its close proximity

to Metro Manila. With a population of 3,678,301 in 2015, it is the most

populated province in the country.

Laguna - Laguna, officially known as the Province of Laguna, is

a province in the Philippines, located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its

capital is Santa Cruz and the province is situated southeast of Metro Manila,

8
south of the province of Rizal, west of Quezon, north of Batangas and east

of Cavite. Laguna hugs the southern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest

lake in the country. As of the 2015 census, the province's total population

is 3,035,081. It is also currently the seventh richest province in the country.

Batangas - Batangas, officially known as the Province of Batangas is

a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its

capital is the city of Batangas and is bordered by the provinces

of Cavite and Laguna to the north and Quezon to the east. Across

the Verde Island Passages to the south is the island of Mindoro and to the

west lies the South China Sea. Poetically, Batangas is often referred to by

its ancient name Kumintáng.

Rizal - Rizal, officially known as the Province of

Rizal (Filipino: Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a province in the Philippines located

in the Calabarzon region, just 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of Manila. The

province is named after José Rizal, one of the main national heroes of the

Philippines. Rizal is bordered by Metro Manila to the west, Bulacan to the

north, Quezon to the east and Laguna to the southeast. The province also

lies on the northern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the

country. Rizal is a mountainous province perched on the western slopes of

the southern portion of the Sierra Madre mountain range.

Quezon - Quezon is a province of the Philippines in

the Calabarzon region of Luzon island. The province was named

9
after Manuel L. Quezon, the second President of the Philippines. Lucena is

the provincial capital, seat of the provincial government and the most

populous city of the province, but is governed independently as a highly

urbanized city. Quezon is southeast of Metro Manila and is bordered by the

provinces of Aurora to the north, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna and Batangasto

the west and the provinces of Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur to the

east. Part of Quezon lies on an isthmus connecting the Bicol Peninsula to

the main part of Luzon. The province also includes the Polillo Islands in

the Philippine Sea. Some marine parts of the Verde Island Passage, the

center of the center of world's marine biodiversity, are also in the province.

For this case study, the researchers are proposing the construction

of a Renewable Power Plant within the region that will supplement the

power provided by the grid, especially to Region IV – A. The choice of

Renewable Power Plant will be narrowed down to whatever the researchers

deem is abundant for that particular region. By constructing a Renewable

Energy Plant, the load on the grid will be lessened significantly. Thus, a

greater amount of Reserve will be available whenever a power shortage

occurs.

10
II. Potential Renewable Energy Source

The researchers are looking into three types of Renewable Energy

Plant for this case study, namely: Hydroelectric Power Plant, Wind Power

Plant, and Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant.

Hydroelectric power comes to mind, because Region IV – A is home

to the largest lake in the Philippines, which is Laguna de Bay. This large

lake is a perfect reservoir to store large amounts of water that is normally

needed in hydroelectric power stations. Additionally, the lake is also a catch

basin for a major rivers, such as Pagsanjan River, which is the source of

35% of the lake’s water, and Santa Cruz River, which is the source of about

15% of the lake’s water. The excess water from the lake is discharged

naturally to the Pasig River. For these rivers, a micro – hydro power station

can be integrated, for a so – called run – of – the – river system. For the

lake, a large dam can be created to store large amount of water that will

be released into a hydroelectric turbine whenever water and power is

needed.

For Wind power, the elevation of the province comes into play. It is

a known fact that wind speed increases as the altitude increases. A quick

look at a topographical map of CALABARZON shows that there are plenty

of mountainous regions around the province, some of which exceed 1000m

in elevation above sea level. A look at a wind map of the region shows that

some of the wind at the lower portions of the region reach speeds of up to

10 knots, or roughly 5.14m/s, which is within the minimum of 2m/s

11
required for a small wind turbine to start operating. With greater height

comes more wind speed, and a greater wind speed will translate into more

power produced, as stated by the formula P = ½ ρAv3, which states that

the power produced is proportional to the cubed of the wind speed.

Lastly, solar power also comes to mind because it is easily the most

abundant energy source available for us to take advantage of. The region

consists of vast amounts of flat lands that can be utilized for use as solar

farms. Quezon province, in particular, has about 141,976 hectares of land

that is nearly flat. Also, this province is the leading producer of coconut in

the country. They also produce other crops such as rice, corn, banana, and

coffee, so it is safe to assume that a fair amount of sunlight falls on this

province. Furthermore, the potential for solar energy in the Philippines is

greater that what is outlined in the NREP, and also, solar energy provides

a quick solution to the power needs of the country.

12
III. Energy Calculations

For Hydroelectric Power Plant:

Available Power

Power = Head x Flow x Gravity

For Pagsanjan Falls

Longest Drop = 120m

Flow = 20L/sec

Gravity = 9.81m/s2

Power = (120)(20)(9.81)

Power = 23,544 W

For Wind Power Plant:

Small scale turbine

Diameter – 3.5m

Area of Windmill – ϖd2/4 = (ϖ(3.5)2/4) = 9.62m2

Density of Air (at sea level) – 1.225kg/m3

Wind Speed – 5.14m/s

Theoretical Power Output

P = ½ ρAv3 = ½ (1.225kg/m3) (9.62m2) (5.14m/s)3

13
 P = 800.15 ≈ 800W/turbine

Actual Power Output

P = ½ ξρAv3

Where ξ is the efficiency of the wind turbine

ξ = 40%

P = ½ (0.4)(1.225kg/m3)(9.62m2)(5.14m/s)3

P = 320.05 ≈ 320W/turbine

For Solar Power Plant:

kWp = (n x Wp)/1000

where kWp = Power Produced (in kW)

n = Number of Modules

Wp = Power/module (in W)

Ep = Ema x kWp x η

where Ep = Average Energy Produced/yr

Ema = Available Annual Solar Radiation

kWp = Power Produced (in kW)

η = Efficiency of Solar Panel

14
Sample Computation

N = 120

Wp = 250 W

kWp = (120 x 250)/1000

kWp = 30kW

Ema = 1461 kWh/m2 (in Quezon according to irradiance map)

η = 75%

Ep = 1461 x 30 x 0.75

Ep = 32,872.5 kWh

15
IV. Proposed Renewable Energy

The proponents have chosen hydroelectric power plant, since its

performance and effectivity is already well established compared to the

other proposed power plants. Moreover, between the three proposed

renewable energy sources, it can be seen that solar power and hydropower

has the most possibility of producing significant amounts of power.

However, when cost is taken into consideration, hydropower is less

expensive than solar power. According to sciencing.com, “In terms of

production costs, hydropower holds a strong advantage over solar power.

The U.S. Department of Energy calls hydropower the most common and

least expensive form of renewable energy in the United States.”

Furthermore, according to technologyreview.com, utility scale solar PV is

about 100 euros (Php 6,221.76) per megawatt – hr, while hydropower is

as cheap as 10 euros (Php 622.18) per megawatt – hr. One other thing

taken into consideration when choosing between solar and hydropower is

the location on where it will be constructed. The proposed solar farm is to

be constructed into flat lands in the province of Quezon. However, this lands

are usually used for agricultural purposed, which is one of the primary

source of income for the people living there, whereas the proposed

hydroelectric power plants are going to be constructed in Laguna, which is

composed of many bodies of water, so one of these can be chosen without

affecting the people of the province too much.

16
V. Proposed Location & Layout/Drawings

The location proposed for the hydropower plant is a river in Laguna called

“Balanac River.” Balanac River is next to Dahpi River and is located in

Province of Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines. Balanac River has a length of

18.45 kilometres. Balanac is part of the famous Whitewater Rafting and

Water Tubing Adventure in Laguna. Whitewater rafting is only possible

when the speed of the river is sufficient enough. Some of the parts of the

river also has an elevation of not exceeding 2m, which is sufficient enough

water head to provide considerable amounts of power.

The type of turbine and construction used is inspired from the concepts of

Turbulent Hydro. It is a micro – hydro device that makes use of the concept

of a run – of – the – river hydropower plant. For their method, a small part

of the riverside is going to be excavated, to divert a small portion of the

river flow, and this excavation is where the turbine/generator unit is going

to be installed. Because of the way the turbine is installed, the flow of the

river is not greatly affected, and it will not produce a noticeable effect on

the tourists enjoying the whitewater rapids downstream. Additionally, the

turbine can act as a sort of tourist spot, and will also educate other people

on the usefulness and effectiveness of hydropower, thus promoting the use

of renewable energy.

17
18
19
VI. Cost Estimate

Cost of Turbine

- Turbine/Generator costs around Php 21,000 for 200W models, up to

Php 64,000 for 1kW models. (Assume that the 1kW model is

selected; Total Price = Php 64,000)

Infrastructure

- Cement is around Php 220 – Php 240 per 40kg bags (Assume

Php240, and assume number of bags needed to be 25; Total Price =

Php 6000 )

- 10mm rebar is around Php 110 – Php 125 for 6m (Assume Php 125,

and length of rebar needed to be 30m; Total Price = Php 625)

Wiring

- Royal Cord #10 is around Php 89.10 per meter (Assume needed

length to be 50m; Total Price = Php 4455)

- House wiring costs around Php 3,000 to Php 5,000 (Assume Php

5,000; Total Cost = Php 5,000)

Cost = 64,000 + 6,000 + 625 + 4,455 + 5,000 = Php 80,080

Labor Cost

- Labor cost is around 25% to 35% of Project Cost (Assume 35%;

Total Cost = 80,800 x 0.35 = Php 28,280

TOTAL COST = 80,800 + 28,280 = Php 109,080 ≈ Php 110k

Conclusion

Hydropower is an effective way of supplying the power needs of the people,

especially in places where there are plenty of bodies of water, such as in

the province of Laguna in region IV – A, as it is effective, relatively cheaper

compared to other types of renewable energy, and it is always almost

available for consumption. If utilized properly, then it has the possibility of

completely supplying electricity to far out places that are out of reach of

the national grid. Having a small, decentralized power station will be good

for them, as it will enable their place to develop independently of their

surrounding places.

Recommendation

It is recommended that the government put more attention to the further

development of hydroelectric power, particularly those in the range of micro

– hydro or pico – hydro power plants, as these types of plants are easier to

scatter around places that need electricity, and has accessible, flowing

bodies of water. It is also recommended that the government put more

funding for renewable energy in general, as there are still a lot of places

where electricity has not yet reached people. Electricity is an important

element of everyday life, and providing people with electricity will help them

further improve their lives.

21
VIII. References

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energy. Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

http://business.inquirer.net/211490/new-growth-areas-for-

renewable-energy

- NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM. (n.d.). Retrieved April

1, 2018, from https://www.doe.gov.ph/national-renewable-energy-

program

- Calabarzon. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabarzon

- (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from https://www.ngcp.ph/power-

situation.asp

- Cavite. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavite

- Laguna (province). (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_(province)

- Batangas. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batangas

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon

- Laguna de Bay. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_de_Bay

22
- Calabarzon. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from http://en-

ph.topographic-map.com/places/Calabarzon-6695608/

- (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

https://www.windfinder.com/#9/14.3096/121.0913

- Wind turbine system. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

http://www.level.org.nz/energy/renewable-electricity-

generation/wind-turbine-systems/

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http://calabarzon.denr.gov.ph/index.php/component/content/article

/87-regional-articles-default/143-physical-socio-eco-profile

- Quezon Province. (n.d.). Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

http://www.islandsproperties.com/places/quezon.htm

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power/

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsanjan_Falls

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Calculations. Retrieved April 1, 2018, from

23
 http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/225/photovoltaic-pv-

electrical-calculations

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from https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/philippines

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Advantages. Retrieved May 15, 2018, from

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6513.html

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Advantages. Retrieved May 15, 2018, from

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6513.html

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbungan_River

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https://www.turbulent.be/

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from http://www.matec.com.ph/documents/Pico Hydro

Presentation.pdf

- (n.d.). Retrieved May 15, 2018, from

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24
- (n.d.). Retrieved May 15, 2018, from

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BETWEEN LABOUR, MATERIALS AND CONTRACTOR PROFIT IN

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construction/

25