BCP

SP-2007 Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

SOURCE DOCUMENTS iv

CHAPTER 1: SCOPE

1.1 Objective and General Principles 1-1

1.2 Scope 1-1

CHAPTER 2: SEISMIC HAZARD

2.1 Scope 2-1

2.2 Design Basis Ground Motion 2-1
2.3 Seismic Zones 2-1
2.4 Site-specific Hazard Analysis 2-1
2.5 Modeling of Ground Motion 2-1

CHAPTER 3: SITE CONSIDERATIONS

3.1 Scope 3-1

3.2 Potential Fault Rupture Hazard 3-1
3.3 Potential Liquefaction 3-1
3.4 Potential Landslide and Slope Instability 3-1
3.5 Sensitive Clays 3-1

CHAPTER 4: SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS

4.1 Symbols and Notations 4-1

4.2 Scope 4-1
4.3 Determination of Soil Conditions 4-1
4.3.1 Site Geology and Soil Characteristics 4-1
4.4 Soil Profile types 4-1
4.4.1 Scope 4-1
4.4.2 Definitions 4-1
4.5 Foundations Construction in Seismic Zones 3 and 4 4-3
4.5.1 General 4-3
4.5.2 Soil Capacity 4-3
4.5.3 Superstructure to Foundation Connection 4-4
4.5.4 Foundation Soil Interface 4-4
4.5.5 Special Requirements for Piles and Caissons 4-4

CHAPTER 5: STRUCTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

DIVISION-I General Design Requirements

5.1 Symbols and Notations 5-1

5.2 Scope 5-1
5.3 Definitions 5-1
5.4 Standards 5-2
5.5 Design 5-2

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5.5.1 General 5-2

5.5.2 Rationality 5-2
5.5.3 Erection of Structural Framing 5-3
5.6 Dead Loads 5-3
5.6.1 General 5-3
5.6.2 Partition Loads 5-3
5.7 Live Loads 5-3
5.7.1 General 5-3
5.7.2 Critical Distribution of Live Loads 5-3
5.7.3 Floor Live Loads 5-3
5.7.4 Roof Live Loads 5-4
5.7.5 Reduction of Live Loads 5-5
5.7.6 Alternate Floor Live Load Reduction 5-6
5.8 Snow Loads 5-6
5.9 Wind Loads 5-6
5.10 Earthquake Loads 5-6
5.11 Other Minimum Loads 5-6
5.11.1 General 5-6
5.11.2 Other Loads 5-6
5.11.3 Impact Loads 5-7
5.11.4 Anchorage of Concrete and Masonry Walls 5-7
5.11.5 Interior Wall Loads 5-7
5.11.6 Retaining Walls 5-7
5.11.7 Water Accumulation 5-7
5.11.8 Hydrostatic Uplift 5-7
5.11.9 Flood-resistant Construction 5-7
5.11.10 Heliport and Helistop Landing Areas 5-7
5.11.11 Prefabricated Construction 5-8
5.12 Combinations of Loads 5-8
5.12.1 General 5-8
5.12.2 Load Combinations Using Strength Design or Load and 5-8
Resistance Factor Design
5.12.3 Load Combinations Using Allowable Stress Design 5-9
5.12.4 Special Seismic Load Combinations 5-9
5.13 Deflection 5-9

DIVISION-II Snow Loads

5.14 Snow Loads 5-10

DIVISION-III Wind Design

5.15 Symbols and Notations 5-11

5.16 General 5-11
5.17 Definitions 5-11
5.18 Basic Wind Speed 5-12
5.19 Exposure 5-12
5.20 Design Wind Pressures 5-12
5.21 Primary Frames and Systems 5-12
5.21.1 General 5-12
5.21.2 Method 1 (Normal Force Method) 5-12
5.21.3 Method 2 (Projected Area Method) 5-13
5.22 Elements and Components of Structure 5-13
5.23 Open Frame Towers 5-13
5.24 Miscellaneous Structures 5-13

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5.25 Occupancy Categories 5-13

DIVISION-IV Earthquake Design

5.26 Symbols and Notations 5-14

5.27 General 5-15
5.27.1 Purpose 5-15
5.27.2 Minimum Seismic Design 5-15
5.27.3 Seismic and Wind Design 5-15
5.28 Definitions 5-15
5.29 Criteria Selection 5-18
5.29.1 Basis for Design 5-18
5.29.2 Occupancy Categories 5-19
5.29.3 Site Geology and Soil Characteristics 5-19
5.29.4 Site Seismic Hazard Characteristics 5-19
5.29.5 Configuration Requirements 5-20
5.29.6 Structural Systems 5-20
5.29.7 Height Limits 5-21
5.29.8 Selection of Lateral-Force Procedure 5-21
5.29.9 System Limitations 5-22
5.29.10 Alternative Procedures 5-22
5.30 Minimum Design Lateral Forces and Related Effects 5-22
5.30.1 Earthquake Loads and Modeling Requirements 5-22
5.30.2 Static Force Procedure 5-24
5.30.3 Determination of Seismic Factors 5-26
5.30.4 Combinations of Structural Systems 5-26
5.30.5 Vertical Distribution of Force 5-27
5.30.6 Horizontal Distribution of Shear 5-28
5.30.7 Horizontal Torsional Moments 5-28
5.30.8 Overturning 5-29
5.30.9 Drift 5-29
5.30.10 Storey Drift Limitation 5-30
5.30.11 Vertical Component 5-30
5.31 Dynamic Analysis Procedure 5-31
5.31.1 General 5-31
5.31.2 Ground Motion 5-31
5.31.3 Mathematical Model 5-31
5.31.4 Description of Analysis Procedures 5-32
5.31.5 Response Spectrum Analysis 5-32
5.31.6 Time-history Analysis 5-33
5.32 Lateral Force on Elements of Structures, Nonstructural Components
and Equipment Supported by Structures 5-34
5.32.1 General 5-34
5.32.2 Design for Total Lateral Force 5-34
5.32.3 Specifying Lateral Forces 5-35
5.32.4 Relative Motion of Equipment Attachments 5-35
5.32.5 Alternative Designs 5-35
5.33 Detailed Systems Design Requirements 5-35
5.33.1 General 5-35
5.33.2 Structural Framing Systems 5-36
5.34 Nonbuilding Structures 5-40
5.34.1 General 5-40
5.34.2 Lateral Force 5-41
5.34.3 Rigid Structures 5-41
5.34.4 Tanks with Supported Bottoms 5-41

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5.34.5 Other Nonbuilding Structures 5-41

5.35 Earthquake-Recording Instrumentations 5-42
5.35.1 General 5-42
5.35.2 Location 5-42
5.35.3 Maintenance 5-42
5.35.4 Instrumentation of Existing Buildings 5-42

CHAPTER 6: STRUCTURAL TESTS AND INSPECTIONS

6.1 Special Inspections 6-1

6.1.1 General 6-1
6.1.2 Special Inspector 6-1
6.1.3 Duties and Responsibilities of the Special Inspector 6-1
6.1.4 Standards of Quality 6-1
6.1.5 Types of Work 6-2
6.1.6 Continuous and Periodic Special Inspection 6-5
6.1.7 Approved Fabricators 6-5
6.2 Structural Observation 6-5
6.3 Nondestructive Testing 6-6
6.4 Prefabricated Construction 6-7
6.4.1 General 6-7
6.4.2 Tests of Materials 6-7
6.4.3 Tests of Assemblies 6-7
6.4.4 Connections 6-7
6.4.5 Pipes and Conduits 6-7
6.4.6 Certificate and Inspection 6-8

CHAPTER 7: STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

7.1 Symbols and Notations 7-1

7.2 Definitions 7-3
7.3 General Requirements 7-5
7.3.1 Scope 7-5
7.3.2 Analysis and Proportioning of Structural Members 7-5
7.3.3 Strength Reduction Factors 7-6
7.3.4 Concrete in Members Resisting Earthquake Induced Forces 7-6
7.3.5 Reinforcement in Members Resisting Earthquake-
Induced Forces 7-6
7.3.6 Welded Splices 7-6
7.3.7 Anchoring to Concrete 7-6
7.4 Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames 7-6
7.4.1 Scope 7-6
7.4.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement 7-7
7.4.3 Transverse Reinforcement 7-7
7.4.4 Shear Strength Requirements 7-8
7.5 Special Moment Frame Members Subjected to Bending and Axial Load 7-8
7.5.1 Scope 7-8
7.5.2 Minimum Flexural Strength of Columns 7-8
7.5.3 Longitudinal Reinforcement 7-9
7.5.4 Transverse Reinforcement 7-9
7.5.5 Shear Strength Requirements 7-11
7.6 Joints of Special Moment Frames 7-11
7.6.1 General Requirements 7-11
7.6.2 Transverse Reinforcement 7-11

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7.6.3 Shear Strength 7-12

7.6.4 Development Length of Bars in Tension 7-12
7.7 Special Moment Frames constructed using Precast Concrete 7-13
7.8 Special Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls and Coupling Beams 7-13
7.8.1 Scope 7-13
7.8.2 Reinforcement 7-14
7.8.3 Design Forces 7-14
7.8.4 Shear Strength 7-14
7.8.5 Design for Flexure and Axial Loads 7-15
7.8.6 Boundary Elements of Special Reinforced Concrete 7-15
Structural Walls
7.8.7 Coupling Beams 7-16
7.8.8 Construction Joints 7-17
7.8.9 Discontinuous Walls 7-17
7.9 Special Structural Walls Constructed using Precast Concrete 7-17
7.9.1 Cast-in-place Composite-topping Slab Diaphragms 7-17
7.10 Structural Diaphragms and Trusses 7-17
7.10.1 Scope 7-17
7.10.2 Cast-in-place Composite-topping Slab Diaphragms 7-17
7.10.3 Cast-in-place Topping Slab Diaphragms 7-17
7.10.4 Minimum Thickness of Diaphragms 7-17
7.10.5 Reinforcement 7-18
7.10.6 Design Forces 7-18
7.10.7 Shear Strength 7-18
7.10.8 Boundary Elements of Structural Diaphragms 7-19
7.11 Foundations 7-19
7.11.1 Scope 7-19
7.11.2 Footings, Foundation Mats, and Pile Caps 7-19
7.11.3 Grade Beams and Slabs on Grade 7-20
7.11.4 Piles, Piers and Caissons 7-20
7.12 Members not Designated as Part of the Lateral-force-resisting System 7-20
7.13 Requirements for Intermediate Moment Frames 7-21
7.14 Intermediate Precast Structural Walls 7-23

CHAPTER 8: STRUCTURAL STEEL

8.1 Symbols & Notations 8-1

DIVISION-I Structural Steel Buildings

8.2 Definitions 8-5

8.3. Scope 8-9
8.4. Loads, Load Combinations, and Nominal Strengths 8-9
8.4.1. Loads and Load Combinations 8-9
8.4.2. Nominal Strength 8-9
8.5. Structural Design Drawings and Specifications, Shop Drawings,
and Erection Drawings 8-10
8.5.1. Structural Design Drawings and Specifications 8-10
8.5.2. Shop Drawings 8-10
8.5.3. Erection Drawings 8-10
8.6. Materials 8-10
8.6.1. Material Specifications 8-10
8.6.2. Material Properties for Determination of Required
Strength of Members and Connections 8-11
8.6.3. Heavy Section CVN Requirements 8-11

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8.7. Connections, Joints, and Fasteners 8-12

8.7.1. Scope 8-12
8.7.2. Bolted Joints 8-12
8.7.3. Welded Joints 8-12
8.7.4. Protected Zone 8-13
8.7.5. Continuity Plates and Stiffeners 8-13
8.8. Members 8-14
8.8.1. Scope 8-14
8.8.2. Classification of Sections for Local Buckling 8-14
8.8.3. Column Strength 8-14
8.8.4. Column Splices 8-14
8.8.5. Column Bases 8-15
8.8.6. H-Piles 8-16
8.9. Special Moment Frames (SMF) 8-17
8.9.1. Scope 8-17
8.9.2. Beam-to-Column Connections 8-17
8.9.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections
(beam web parallel to column web) 8-18
8.9.4. Beam and Column Limitations 8-19
8.9.5. Continuity Plates 8-19
8.9.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio 8-19
8.9.7. Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections 8-21
8.9.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams 8-21
8.9.9. Column Splices 8-22
8.10. Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF) 8-22
8.10.1. Scope 8-22
8.10.2. Beam-to-Column Connections 8-22

8.10.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections

(beam web parallel to column web) 8-23
8.10.4. Beam and Column Limitations 8-23
8.10.5. Continuity Plates 8-23
8.10.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio 8-24
8.10.7. Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections 8-24
8.10.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams 8-24
8.10.9. Column Splices 8-24
8.11. Ordinary Moment Frames (OMF) 8-24
8.11.1. Scope 8-24
8.11.2. Beam-to-Column Connections 8-24
8.11.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections
(beam web parallel to column web) 8-26
8.11.4. Beam and Column Limitations 8-26
8.11.5. Continuity Plates 8-26
8.11.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio 8-26
8.11.7. Lateral Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections 8-26
8.11.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams 8-26
8.11.9. Column Splices 8-27
8.12. Special Truss Moment Frames (STMF) 8-27
8.12.1. Scope 8-27
8.12.2. Special Segment 8-27
8.12.3. Strength of Special Segment Members 8-27
8.12.4. Strength of Non-Special Segment Members 8-28
8.12.5. Width-Thickness Limitations 8-28
8.12.6. Lateral Bracing 8-28
8.13. Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF) 8-28

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8.13.1. Scope 8-28

8.13.2. Members 8-29
8.13.3. Required Strength of Bracing Connections 8-30
8.13.4. Special Bracing Configuration Requirements 8-30
8.13.5. Column Splices 8-31
8.13.6. Protected Zone 8-31
8.14. Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames (OCBF) 8-31
8.14.1. Scope 8-31
8.14.2. Bracing Members 8-31
8.14.3. Special Bracing Configuration Requirements 8-31
8.14.4. Bracing Connections 8-32
8.14.5. OCBF above Seismic Isolation Systems 8-32
8.15. Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) 8-32
8.15.1. Scope 8-32
8.15.2. Links 8-32
8.15.3. Link Stiffeners 8-34
8.15.4. Link-to-Column Connections 8-34
8.15.5. Lateral Bracing of Link 8-35
8.15.6. Diagonal Brace and Beam Outside of Link 8-35
8.15.7. Beam-to-Column Connections 8-36
8.15.8. Required Strength of Columns 8-36
8.15.9. Protected Zone 8-36
8.15.10. Demand Critical Welds 8-36
8.16. Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF) 8-36
8.16.1. Scope 8-36
8.16.2. Bracing Members 8-36
8.16.3. Bracing Connections 8-38
8.16.4. Special Requirements Related to Bracing Configuration 8-38
8.16.5. Beams and Columns 8-39
8.16.6. Protected Zone 8-39
8.17. Special Plate Shear Walls (SPSW) 8-39
8.17.1. Scope 8-39
8.17.2. Webs 8-39
8.17.3. Connections of Webs to Boundary Elements 8-40
8.17.4. Horizontal and Vertical Boundary Elements 8-40
8.18. Quality Assurance Plan 8-41
8.18.1. Scope 8-41

DIVISION-II Composite Structural Steel and

Reinforced Concrete Buildings

8.19. Definitions 8-42

8.20. Scope 8-43
8.21. General Seismic Design Requirements 8-44
8.22. Loads, Load Combinations, and Nominal Strengths 8-44
8.22.1. Loads and Load Combinations 8-44
8.22.2. Nominal Strength 8-44
8.23. Materials 8-45
8.23.1. Structural Steel 8-45
8.23.2. Concrete and Steel Reinforcement 8-45
8.24. Composite Members 8-45
8.24.1. Scope 8-45
8.24.2. Composite Floor and Roof Slabs 8-45
8.24.3. Composite Beams 8-45

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8.24.4. Encased Composite Columns 8-45

8.24.5. Filled Composite Columns 8-48
8.25. Composite Connections 8-49
8.25.1. Scope 8-49
8.25.2. General Requirements 8-49
8.25.3. Nominal Strength of Connections 8-49
8.26. Composite Partially Restrained (PR) Moment Frames (C-PRMF) 8-51
8.26.1. Scope 8-51
8.26.2. Columns 8-51
8.26.3. Composite Beams 8-51
8.26.4. Moment Connections 8-51
8.27 Composite Special Moment Frames (C-SMF) 8-51
8.27.1. Scope 8-51
8.27.2. Columns 8-51
8.27.3. Beams 8-51
8.27.4. Moment Connections 8-52
8.27.5. Column-Beam Moment Ratio 8-52
8.28. Composite Intermediate Moment Frames (C-IMF) 8-53
8.28.1. Scope 8-53
8.28.2. Columns 8-53
8.28.3. Beams 8-53
8.28.4. Moment Connections 8-53
8.29. Composite Ordinary Moment Frames (C-OMF) 8-53
8.29.1. Scope 8-53
8.29.2. Columns 8-53
8.29.3. Beams 8-53
8.29.4. Moment Connections 8-54
8.30. Composite Special Concentrically Braced Frames (C-CBF) 8-54
8.30.1. Scope 8-54
8.30.2. Columns 8-54
8.30.3. Beams 8-54
8.30.4. Braces 8-54
8.30.5. Connections 8-54
8.31. Composite Ordinary Braced Frames (C-OBF) 8-54
8.31.1. Scope 8-54
8.31.2. Columns 8-54
8.31.3. Beams 8-55
8.31.4. Braces 8-55
8.31.5. Connections 8-55
8.32. Composite Eccentrically Braced Frames (C-EBF) 8-55
8.32.1. Scope 8-55
8.32.2. Columns 8-55
8.32.3. Links 8-55
8.32.4. Braces 8-56
8.32.5. Connections 8-56
8.33. Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Composite with 6
Structural Steel Elements (C-ORCW) 8-56
8.33.1. Scope 8-56
8.33.2. Boundary Members 8-56
8.33.3. Steel Coupling Beams 8-56
8.33.4. Encased Composite Coupling Beams 8-57
8.34. Special Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Composite with
Structural Steel Elements (C-SRCW) 8-57
8.34.1. Scope 8-57
8.34.2. Boundary Members 8-57

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8.34.3. Steel Coupling Beams 8-58

8.34.4. Encased Composite Coupling Beams 8-58
8.35. Composite Steel Plate Shear Walls (C-SPW) 8-58
8.35.1. Scope 8-58
8.35.2. Wall Elements 8-58
8.35.3. Boundary Members 8-59
8.35.4. Openings 8-59
8.36. Structural Design Drawings and Specifications, Shop Drawings,
and Erection Drawings 8-59
8.37. Quality Assurance Plan 8-59

CHAPTER 9: MASONRY

9.1 Symbols and Notations 9-1

9.2 Scope 9-3
9.2.1 Design Methods 9-3
9.3 Definitions 9-4
9.4 Material Standards 9-6
9.4.1 Quality 9-6
9.4.2 Standards of Quality 9-6
9.4.3 Mortar and Grout 9-8
9.4.4 Mortar 9-8
9.4.5 Grout 9-8
9.4.6 Additives and Admixtures 9-8
9.4.7 Construction 9-9
9.4.8 Cold-weather Construction 9-9
9.4.9 Placing Masonry Units 9-10
9.4.10 Reinforcement Placing 9-11
9.4.11 Grouted Masonry 9-11
9.4.12 Aluminum Equipment 9-12
9.4.13 Joint Reinforcement 9-12
9.5 Quality Assurance 9-12
9.5.1 General 9-12
9.5.2 Scope 9-12
9.5.3 Compliance with f 'm 9-13
9.5.4 Mortar Testing 9-15
9.5.5 Grout Testing 9-15
9.6 General Design Requirements 9-15
9.6.1 General. 9-15
9.6.2 Working Stress Design and Strength Design
Requirements for Unreinforced and Reinforced Masonry. 9-19
9.6.3 Working Stress Design and Strength Design
Requirements for Reinforced Masonry 9-22
9.7 Working Stress Design of Masonry 9-24
9.7.1 General. 9-24
9.7.2 Design of Reinforced Masonry 9-26
9.7.3 Design of Unreinforced Masonry 9-32
9.8 Strength Design of Masonry 9-34
9.8.1 General 9-34
9.8.2 Reinforced Masonry 9-37
9.9 Empirical Design 9-50
9.9.1 Symbols and Notations 9-50
9.9.2 Definitions 9-50
9.9.3 Materials 9-52
9.9.4 Design Consideration 9-53

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9.9.5 Design Loads 9-57

9.9.6 Load Dispersion 9-58
9.9.7 Arching Action 9-58
9.9.8 Lintels 9-58
9.9.9 Permissible Stresses 9-58
9.9.10 Design Thickness/Cross-Section 9-60
9.9.11 General Requirements 9-62
9.9.12 Minimum Thickness of Walls from Consideration
other than Structural 9-62
9.9.13 Workmanship 9-62
9.9.14 Joints to Control Deformation and Cracking 9-63
9.9.15 Chases, Recesses and Holes 9-63
9.9.16 Corbelling 9-64
9.9.17 Special Consideration in Earthquake Zones 9-64

CHAPTER 10: ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

10.1 Symbols and Notations 10-1

10.2 Seismic Loads Applied to Architectural Components 10-1
10.2.1 Component Force Application 10-1
10.2.2 Component Force Transfer 10-1
10.2.3 Architectural Component Deformation 10-1
10.2.4 Out-of-Plane Bending 10-1
10.3 Suspended Ceilings 10-2
10.3.1 Seismic Forces 10-2
10.3.2 Integral Construction 10-2
10.3.3 Access Floors 10-2
10.4 Partitions 10-3
10.4.1 General 10-3
10.4.2 Glass in Glazed Curtain Walls, Glazed Storefronts and 10-3
Glazed Partitions

CHAPTER 11: MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

11.1 Symbols and Notations 11-1

11.2 Seismic Loads applied to Mechanical and Electrical Components 11-1
11.2.1 Component Force Application 11-1
11.2.2 Component Force Transfer 11-2
11.2.3 Component Period 11-2
11.2.4 Component Attachment 11-2
11.3 Elevator Design Requirements 11-2

REFERENCES

APPENDIX-A BACKGROUND FOR SEISMIC ZONING MAP

A.1 Symbols and Notations A-1

A.2 Overview A-1
A.2.1 General A-1
A.2.2 Major Faults of Pakistan A-1
A.2.3 Seismicity A-2
A.3 Seismic Hazard Evaluation Procedure A-3
A.3.1 PSHA Methodology A-3
A.3.2 Source Modeling – Area and Fault Seismic Sources A-3

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A.3.3 Earthquake Recurrence Model A-4

A.3.4 Maximum Magnitude A-5
A.3.5 Attenuation Equations A-5
A.3.6 Results of PSHA A-5

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