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Sanon Fano Coding

This C++ program implements the Shannon-Fano algorithm to assign variable-length binary codes to symbols based on their probabilities. It takes in symbols and their probabilities as input, sorts them by probability, recursively partitions the probabilities into equal sets, and assigns 0 or 1 codes to each symbol depending on which set it falls in. The codes are then displayed with the corresponding symbols and probabilities.

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Ram Murthy
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227 views

Sanon Fano Coding

This C++ program implements the Shannon-Fano algorithm to assign variable-length binary codes to symbols based on their probabilities. It takes in symbols and their probabilities as input, sorts them by probability, recursively partitions the probabilities into equal sets, and assigns 0 or 1 codes to each symbol depending on which set it falls in. The codes are then displayed with the corresponding symbols and probabilities.

Uploaded by

Ram Murthy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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// C++ program for Shannon Fano Algorithm

// include header files


#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// declare structure node


struct node {

// for storing symbol


string sym;

// for storing probability or frquency


float pro;
int arr[20];
int top;
} p[20];

typedef struct node node;

// function to find shannon code


void shannon(int l, int h, node p[])
{
float pack1 = 0, pack2 = 0, diff1 = 0, diff2 = 0;
int i, d, k, j;
if ((l + 1) == h || l == h || l > h) {
if (l == h || l > h)
return;
p[h].arr[++(p[h].top)] = 0;
p[l].arr[++(p[l].top)] = 1;
return;
}
else {
for (i = l; i <= h - 1; i++)
pack1 = pack1 + p[i].pro;
pack2 = pack2 + p[h].pro;
diff1 = pack1 - pack2;
if (diff1 < 0)
diff1 = diff1 * -1;
j = 2;
while (j != h - l + 1) {
k = h - j;
pack1 = pack2 = 0;
for (i = l; i <= k; i++)
pack1 = pack1 + p[i].pro;
for (i = h; i > k; i--)
pack2 = pack2 + p[i].pro;
diff2 = pack1 - pack2;
if (diff2 < 0)
diff2 = diff2 * -1;
if (diff2 >= diff1)
break;
diff1 = diff2;
j++;
}
k++;
for (i = l; i <= k; i++)
p[i].arr[++(p[i].top)] = 1;
for (i = k + 1; i <= h; i++)
p[i].arr[++(p[i].top)] = 0;

// Invoke shannon function


shannon(l, k, p);
shannon(k + 1, h, p);
}
}

// Function to sort the symbols


// based on their probability or frequency
void sortByProbability(int n, node p[])
{
int i, j;
node temp;
for (j = 1; j <= n - 1; j++) {
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
if ((p[i].pro) > (p[i + 1].pro)) {
temp.pro = p[i].pro;
temp.sym = p[i].sym;

p[i].pro = p[i + 1].pro;


p[i].sym = p[i + 1].sym;

p[i + 1].pro = temp.pro;


p[i + 1].sym = temp.sym;
}
}
}
}

// function to display shannon codes


void display(int n, node p[])
{
int i, j;
cout << "\n\n\n\tSymbol\tProbability\tCode";
for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
cout << "\n\t" << p[i].sym << "\t\t" << p[i].pro << "\t";
for (j = 0; j <= p[i].top; j++)
cout << p[i].arr[j];
}
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
int n, i, j;
float total = 0;
string ch;
node temp;

// Input number of symbols


cout << "Enter number of symbols\t: ";
n = 5;
cout << n << endl;

// Input symbols
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout << "Enter symbol " << i + 1 << " : ";
ch = (char)(65 + i);
cout << ch << endl;

// Insert the symbol to node


p[i].sym += ch;
}

// Input probability of symbols


float x[] = { 0.22, 0.28, 0.15, 0.30, 0.05 };
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout << "\nEnter probability of " << p[i].sym << " : ";
cout << x[i] << endl;

// Insert the value to node


p[i].pro = x[i];
total = total + p[i].pro;

// checking max probability


if (total > 1) {
cout << "Invalid. Enter new values";
total = total - p[i].pro;
i--;
}
}

p[i].pro = 1 - total;

// Sorting the symbols based on


// their probability or frequency
sortByProbability(n, p);

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)


p[i].top = -1;

// Find the shannon code


shannon(0, n - 1, p);

// Display the codes


display(n, p);
return 0;
}

Output:
Enter number of symbols : 5
Enter symbol 1 : A
Enter symbol 2 : B
Enter symbol 3 : C
Enter symbol 4 : D
Enter symbol 5 : E

Enter probability of A : 0.22

Enter probability of B : 0.28

Enter probability of C : 0.15

Enter probability of D : 0.3

Enter probability of E : 0.05

Symbol Probability Code


D 0.3 00
B 0.28 01
A 0.22 10
C 0.15 110
E 0.05 111

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