GAS DETECTOR USING ARDUINO UNO,

MQ5 GAS SENSOR, GSM MODULE AND

DTMF CIRCUIT

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
By
Amritya Nandan Paul (Roll No. 14402813002)
Partha Pratim Das (Roll No. 14402813008)
Gaurav Debnath (Roll No. 14402813004)
Krishnendu Roy (Roll No. 14402813005)
Under the supervision of
Prof. Ashoke Kumar Basu

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Neotia Institute of Technology, Management And Science
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology

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 Report Approval

The Project Report Entitled

GAS DETECTOR USING ARDUINO UNO, MQ5
GAS SENSOR, GSM MODULE AND DTMF
CIRCUIT
By
Amritya Nandan Paul (Roll No. 14402813002)
Partha Pratim Das (14402813008)
Gaurav Debnath (14402813004)
Krishnendu Roy (14402813005)
is approved for the degree
Bachelor of Technology

_______________ _______________
Supervisor Head of the Department

Date: ___________
Place: ___________
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 CONTENTS

1. Abstract 4
2. Acknowledgement 5
3. Introduction 6
4. Hardware Implementation
MQ5 Sensor 7
Arduino 8
GSM Module 9
LCD 11
5. Circuit Diagram 13
6. Working Principle 14
7. Dual Tone Multiple Frequency 15
8. Result 20
9. Advantages 21
10. Future Scope 22
11. Conclusion 23
12. Source Code 24
13. References 28

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 ABSTRACT

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Methane etc is an inevitable one in day-

to-day life. LPG & Methane is used as a fuel in a range of applications
including in heating and cooking appliances, industrial applications, in
vehicles and as a propellant and refrigerant. Due to leakage of LPG,
methane and other gases it produces hazardous and toxic impact for
human beings and also for other living creatures. To overcome this
predicament, we need quittance. Thereby, we speculate some solutions to
detect the LPG & Methane Gas leakage and make alert to the users who
are using LPG or Methane Gas. In this project we are using LPG gas
sensor for sensing the leakage and produce the result in Short Message
Service (SMS) with help of Arduino uno to alert humans. The sensor has
excellent sensitivity combined with a quick requital time. The sensor has
also sense iso-butane, propane and cigarette smoke. This project provides
design approach on hardware.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who

supported me throughout the course of this Electrical & Electronics
Engineering Project work successfully. I am sincerely grateful to them for
sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related
to the project.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Ashok
Kumar Basu, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Neotia
Institute of Technology, Management & Science for his proper guidance,
inspiration, suggestion and all kind of supports in performing and
completing the dissertation work in time. Moreover, his consultation and
discussion were very fruitful to carry out this work. All the advices that
have been given by him related to this project were so motivational and
enthusiastic to me. In addition, his willingness to discuss about any
problems of project increased the interest to fulfill this project.
I want to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Sujit Dhar, Head,
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, NITMAS who
tolerated my short comings, showed his patience in my all kind of
activities relevant to project works and made me confident enough in the
field.

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 INTRODUCTION

LPG consists of mixture of propane and butane which is highly flammable

chemical. It is odorless gas due to which Ethanethoil is added as powerful
odorant, so that leakage can be easily detected [3]. There are other
international standards like EN589, amyl mercaptane and
tetrahydrothiophene which are most commonly used as odorants. LPG is
one of the alternate fuels used now days. LPG is also used as an alternate
fuel in vehicles due to soaring in the prices of petrol and diesel.
Some people have low sense of smell, may or may not respond on low
concentration of gas leakage. In such a case, some high security systems
become an essential and help to protect from gas leakage accidents [1].
Bhopal, Chernobyl, Okishima gas tragedy was an example of gas leakage
accident in India, Russia and Japan. This was world’s worst gas leakage
industrial accident. Gas leakage detection is not only important but
stopping leakage is equally essential. We designed a system which sniffs
LPG leakage and emphraxis by the measures such as Spinning the
Exhaust fan, SMS, Call, Beep sound, LED Blink. This paper provides a
cost effective and highly accurate system

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HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

COMPONENTS USED :-
 MQ5 Sensor
MQ5 is a semiconductor type gas sensor which detects the gas
leakage. The sensitive material of MQ-5 is tin dioxide (SnO2). It has
very low conductivity in clean air. This Gas sensor not only has
sensitivity to propane and butane but also to other natural gases, low
sensitivity to cigarette smoke and alcohol. The MQ-5 gas sensor is
shown in fig. 1. This sensor can also be used for detection of other
combustible gas such as methane

Fig. 1

The concentration range of MQ-5 gas sensor is 300-1000 ppm. This

sensor is available in 6 pins package, out of which 4 pins are used for
fetching the signals and other 2 pins are used for providing heating
current. This sensor has fast response time. The power need by the sensor
is 5V. This sensor has different resistance value in different concentration.

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Resistance value of MQ-5 is difference to various kinds and various
concentration gases. So, when using these components, sensitivity
adjustment is very necessary. We recommend that you calibrate the
detector for 1000ppm H2 or LPG concentration in air and use value of
Load resistance (RL) about 20 KO(10KO to 47KO). When accurately
measuring, the proper alarm point for the gas detector should be
determined after considering the temperature and humidity influence.

 ARDUINO

Fig. 2

Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on

flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino can sense the
environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect
its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators.

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The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino
programming language and the Arduino development environment. Here
this Arduino gets the sensed information from LPG gas sensor and sends
it to the GPRS shield to alert the user via SMS and Call and as well as
glow the LED and switch on the fan. An Arduino board consists of an
Atmel 8-bit AVR microcontroller with complementary components to
facilitate programming and incorporation into other circuits. An Arduino
microcontroller is also preprogrammed with a boot loader that simplifies
uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared with other
devices that typically need an external programmer. Arduino boards are
programmed via USB, implemented using USB-to-serial adapter chips
such as the FTDI FT232.
An on-board LED attached to digital pin 13 for fast an easy debugging of
code. 32 KB of flash memory for storing your code. 13 digital pins and 6
analog pins. These pins allow us to connect external hardware to the
Arduino. An ICSP connector for bypassing the USB port and interfacing
the Arduino directly as a serial device. This port is necessary to re-boot
load your chip if it corrupts and last, but not least, a button to reset the
program on the chip.
 GSM Module
GSM SIM 900 Quad-band GSM/GPRS engine, works on
frequencies 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz. It is very compact in size
and designed with RS 232 level converter circuitry, which allows
you to directly interface PC Serial port. GSM uses a combination of
Time Division Multiplexing and Frequency Division Multiplexing.
The baud rate can be configurable from 9600-115200 through AT
command. Initially Module is in Auto band mode. This GSM/GPRS
RS232 Module is having internal TCP/IP stack to enable you to
connect with internet via GPRS. Using this module, we will be able
to send & read SMS, Connect to internet via GPRS through simple
AT commands. The suitable operating voltage level is 5V-12V DC.

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When the gas leakage is detected by the gas sensor, microcontroller
sends a signal to GSM module in which one of the tasks is to send
the text SMS as well as call. GSM module requires one SIM card.
This module is capable to accept any network SIM card.

Fig. 3

This module has a unique identity number like mobile phones have.
These module works on 12V DC supply we can send SMS and also
send a voice message. These SMS or voice messages are saved in
the microcontroller memory. Multiple SMSs can also be sends to
user, police and fire station etc. This GPRS Shield contains low cost
GSM SIM 300 Module [8]. This reconfigurable Quad Band module
supports all GSM operator SIM cards. It shares its applications in

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 Blue….Graphics LCDs are various streams such as SMS based
remote control alerts, Security applications, Sensor monitoring and
GPRS mode remote data logging.

 LCD
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic
visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating
properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs do not emit light directly.
They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer
monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays,
signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as video
players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and
telephones. LCDs have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in
most applications. They are available in a wider range of screen
sizes than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use
phosphors, they cannot suffer image burn-in. LCDs are, however,
susceptible\to image persistence. LCDs are more energy efficient
and offer safer disposal than CRTs. Its low electrical power
consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic
equipment. It is an electronically modulated optical device made up
of any number of segments filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in
front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in
color or monochrome. The most flexible ones use an array of small
pixels. The earliest discovery leading to the development of LCD
technology, the discovery of liquid crystals, dates from 1888. By
2008, worldwide sales of televisions with LCD screens had
surpassed the sale of CRT units. LCDs available in two models:
Character LCD and Graphics LCD. The character LCD displays
ASCII values and graphics LCD displays graphics. Character LCDs
are available in various kinds of models.

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Pin Description:

Pin
Function Name
No

1 Ground (0V) Ground

2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc

3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor VEE

4 Selects command register when low; and data register when high Register Select

5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the register Read/write

6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given Enable

7 DB0

8 DB1

9 DB2

10 DB3
8-bit data pins
11 DB4

12 DB5

13 DB6

14 DB7

15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+

16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 WORKING PRINCIPLE

This Gas leakage detection module consists of small LPG gas sensor,
Arduino UNO board, GPRS Shield, Cell phone, LED that fit into a small
place. One portion of the Gas sensor is connected to the power supply. In
the next portion, the central heat coil is connected to the Ground. One of
the remaining two pins is connected to the ARDUINO’s analog pin.
The last pin is connected to the ground via 10KΩ load resistance. In this
way the sensor communicates with the microcontroller. Parallelly, alarm
is connected to a digital pin. GPRS shield is embedded on Arduino
controller board that reads the information (data) from Sensor process it
& sends an SMS & a call to the user via radial link. The GPRS Shield
includes the GSM sim 900 module that reads and sends message through
AT commands. Multiple users can be added to the SIM card. LED
indication visually alerts the hearing impaired people. Alarm provides the
long beep to help the visually impaired people to protect themselves.
Instead of leaving voice alert, long beep has higher frequency range that
travels long distance.

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 DUAL TONE MULTIPLE
FREQUENCY

DTMF is a signaling system for identifying the keys or better say the
number dialed on a pushbutton or DTMF keypad. The early telephone
systems used pulse dialing or loop disconnect signaling. This was
replaced by multi frequency (MF) dialing. DTMF is a multi-frequency
tone dialing system used by the push button keypads in telephone and
mobile sets to convey the number or key dialed by the caller. DTMF has
enabled the long distance signaling of dialed numbers in voice frequency
range over telephone lines. This has eliminated the need of telecom
operator between the caller and the callee and evolved automated dialing
in the telephone switching centers.

DTMF (Dual tone multi frequency) as the name suggests uses

a combination of two sine wave tones to represent a key. These tones are
called row and column frequencies as they correspond to the layout of a
telephone keypad.

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A DTMF keypad (generator or encoder) generates a sinusoidal tone
which is mixture of the row and column frequencies. The row frequencies
are low group frequencies. The column frequencies belong to high group
frequencies. This prevents misinterpretation of the harmonics. Also the
frequencies for DTMF are so chosen that none have a harmonic
relationship with the others and that mixing the frequencies would not
produce sum or product frequencies that could mimic another valid tone.
The high-group frequencies (the column tones) are slightly louder than
the low-group to compensate for the high-frequency roll off of voice audio
systems.

Most DTMF decoders can process at least 10 tones per second under the
worst of conditions, so DTMF can easily convey 40 (10 x 4) bits or 5 bytes
of data per second which is nowhere near to the performance of a good
communication modem, which can operate nearly 600 times faster
(28,800 bits per second). But DTMF signaling is lot more robust under
noisy line conditions.

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It should be noted that the numbers and symbols on the keypad do not
always match the binary values of DTMF decoders. Most notably, the ‘0’
on the keypad is represented in DTMF by a decimal value of 10 or binary
value of 1010.

The row and column frequencies corresponding to a DTMF keypad have

been indicated in the above figure.
DTMF tones are able to represent one of the 16 different states or symbols
on the keypad. This is equivalent to 4 bits of data, also known as nibble.

The binary codes corresponding to symbols in a DTMF keypad are listed

below.

KEYBOARD
DECIMAL VALUE BINARY VALUE
SYMBOL
0 0000 D
1 0001 1
2 0010 2
3 0011 3
4 0100 4
5 0101 5
6 0110 6
7 0111 7
8 1000 8
9 1001 9
10 1010 0
11 1011 *
12 1100 #
13 1101 A
14 1110 B
15 1111 C

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Applications:
DTMF tones are thus mainly used at the telephone switching centers for
detection of dialed/called number. They are also used by certain radio and
cable TV networks. These networks use DTMF tones to signal a network
station or local cable operator when a local advertisement is to be inserted
or for station identification. In broadcasting, this is known as local
insertion. DTMF tones were also used by terrestrial stations for turning
on and shutting off remote transmitters.

DTMF Based Robotic Vehicle Circuit Principle:

DTMF based robotic vehicle circuit consists of DTMF decoder IC, driver
IC l293D IC and motors.

DTMF decoder IC used is HT9107B. It has 18 pins. Tone from DTMF

encoder is given to the DTMF decoder IC. The decoder IC internally,
consists of operational amplifier whose output is given to pre filters to
separate low and high frequencies. Then it is passed to code detector
circuit and it decodes the incoming tone into 4bits of binary data. This
data at the output is directly given to the driver IC to drive the two motors.
These motors rotate according to the decoded output.

Circuit Diagram of DTMF Controlled Robotic Vehicle:

DTMF based Mobile Controlled Robot Circuit Diagram

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Circuit Components:

 DTMF Decoder IC (HT9107B)

 Motor Driver IC
 Motors
 Resistors – R1, R2 & R3
 Capacitors – C1 to C4
 Crystal

DTMF Controlled Robotic Vehicle Circuit Applications:

 DTMF robot with slight modifications can be used in industrial
applications.
 DTMF robot with human detector sensor can be used at the time of
disasters like earth quake to detect the human under buildings.
 DTMF robot with camera can be used in surveillance systems.

Limitations of DTMF Controlled Robotic Vehicle :

 DTMF robot may not work properly if it is operated with another

mobile when there is no signal.
 Mobiles with particular jacks are only used.

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 RESULT

The prototype of leakage system has been tested by sensing a small

amount of LPG gas near to the sensor. MQ-5 gas sensor detects the LPG
gas and sends a signal to the Arduino .
After that Arduino sends an active signal to other externally connected
devices. As a result a buzzer rings and a Light Emitting Diode blinks.
When reset button is pressed, the system refreshes itself and whole system
regains its initial position.

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 ADVANTAGES

a) It is used in house as LPG leakage detection

b) It also detects alcohol so it is used as liquor tester.
c) The sensor has excellent sensitivity combined with a quick fast
response time.
d) The system is highly reliable, tamper-proof and secure.
e) In the long run the maintenance cost is very less when compared to the
present systems.
f) It is possible to get instantaneous results and with high accuracy.
g) It is used in large industries for checking purposes.
h) It can detect methane and other harmful gases leaking.

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 FUTURE SCOPE

With recent development in technology, Temperature display during

periods wherein no message buffers are empty is one such theoretical
improvement that is well possible. Another very interesting and
significant improvement would be to accommodate multiple receiver
MODEMS at different positions in the geographical area carrying
duplicate SIM cards. Multilingual display can be another added variation
in the project. Audio output can be introduced to make it user friendly.

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 CONCLUSION

In this system we have describe a new approach for gas leakage detection
system at a low concentration. The leakage is detected with the help of
MQ-5 gas sensor. Sensor sends a signal to microcontroller. In the next
step microcontroller sends an active signal to other externally connected
devices . The efficiency and the memory of then Microcontroller can be
increased if ATME28P microcontroller is used in place of PIC multiple
SMS can be sent by changing programming GSM module. To change the
SIM card we have to make changes in program. In future we will add
automatic door opening application, and as well as automatic closing of
cylinder valve whenever the gas leakage is detected.

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 SOURCE CODE:
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

SoftwareSerial mySerial(9, 10);

int sensor=7;

int speaker=8;

int gas_value,Gas_alert_val, Gas_shut_val;

int Gas_Leak_Status;

int sms_count=0;

void setup()

pinMode(sensor,INPUT);

pinMode(speaker,OUTPUT);

mySerial.begin(9600);

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(16,2);

delay(500);

void loop()

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CheckGas();

CheckShutDown();

void CheckGas()

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Gas Scan - ON");

Gas_alert_val=ScanGasLevel();

if(Gas_alert_val==LOW)

SetAlert(); // Function to send SMS Alerts

}}

int ScanGasLevel()

gas_value=digitalRead(sensor); // reads the sensor output (Vout of LM35)

return gas_value; // returns temperature value in degree celsius

void SetAlert()

digitalWrite(speaker,HIGH);

while(sms_count<3) //Number of SMS Alerts to be sent

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{

SendTextMessage(); // Function to send AT Commands to GSM module

Gas_Leak_Status=1;

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Gas Alert! SMS Sent!");

void CheckShutDown()

if(Gas_Leak_Status==1)

Gas_shut_val=ScanGasLevel();

if(Gas_shut_val==HIGH)

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("No Gas Leaking");

digitalWrite(speaker,LOW);

sms_count=0;

Gas_Leak_Status=0;

}}}

void SendTextMessage()

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{

mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //To send SMS in Text Mode

delay(1000);

mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+919495xxxxxx\"\r"); // change to the phone number

you using

delay(1000);

mySerial.println("Gas Leaking!");//the content of the message

delay(200);

mySerial.println((char)26);//the stopping character

delay(1000);

mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+918113xxxxxx\"\r"); // change to the phone number

you using

delay(1000);

mySerial.println("Gas Leaking!");//the content of the message

delay(200);

mySerial.println((char)26);//the message stopping character

delay(1000);

sms_count++;

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 REFERENCES

1) www.circuitstoday.com

2) www.ijesrt.com // International Journal of Engineering Sciences &

Research Technology
3) www.arduino.cc

4) www.erpublication.org

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