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Syntax Resume Syntax: Name: Sri Deva Nim: 161160066 Tadris Bahasa Inggris (TBIG) 3

The document discusses syntax, which is the study of how words combine to form phrases and sentences according to the rules of a language. It defines key syntactic concepts like phrases, grammatical and ungrammatical sentences, and the different types of phrases. Examples are provided to illustrate grammatical and ungrammatical sentences as well as the structures of different phrases.

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37 views

Syntax Resume Syntax: Name: Sri Deva Nim: 161160066 Tadris Bahasa Inggris (TBIG) 3

The document discusses syntax, which is the study of how words combine to form phrases and sentences according to the rules of a language. It defines key syntactic concepts like phrases, grammatical and ungrammatical sentences, and the different types of phrases. Examples are provided to illustrate grammatical and ungrammatical sentences as well as the structures of different phrases.

Uploaded by

Sri Deva Malabar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name : SRI DEVA

Nim : 161160066
Tadris Bahasa Inggris (TBIG) 3

Syntax
Resume

syntax
A. Definition
Syntax is the study of the principles and processes by which sentences are
constructed in particular languages. Syntactic investigation of a given language has as
its goal the construction of grammar that can be viewed as a device of some sort for
producing the sentences of the language under analysis. (Chomsky, 2002)
The study of syntax is the study of how words combine to from phrase and
ultimately sentences in languages. Because it Consist of phrases that are put together in
a particular way, a sentences has a structure. (Tserdanelis and Wong, 2004)
The syntax of a language is the set of properties which determine the construction
of sentences in that language. The study of syntax involves uncovering those properties
of language which are involved in the construction of grammatical sentence in
particular languages. (Hawkins, 2001)
Syntax is a system of rules and categories that allows words to be combined to the
form of sentence. (O’grady, at all., 1989)
Syntax is that part of our linguistics knowledge which concern the structure of
sentences. (Fromkin and Rodman, 1983)

B. Basic idea of syntax


1. Word ordering and meaning.
The order of words in a sentences of phrases is connected to its literal meaning.
The basic underlying word order in an English sentence is subject-verb-objects (S-V-
O). (Murcia and Freeman, 1999)
2. Ambiguity
As we have studied before, there is factor determining what a sentence means.

C. Phrase structure
 Lexical categories
 Phrasal categories
 Noun phrases
 Verb phrases
 Prepositional phrases
 Adjective phrases
Grammatical and ungrammatical sentences
A. Definition
In English and in every language, every sentence is a sequence of words, but not
every sequence of words is a sentence. Sequence of words that conform to the rules of
syntax are said to be “grammatical”, and those that violate the syntactic rules are called
“ungrammatical”.
In other words, utterances (sentences) which are constructed appropriately based
on grammatical rules are normally called “grammatical sentences”, while utterance
which are not constructed based on the grammatical rules are called “ungrammatical
sentences).

B. Examples of grammatical and ungrammatical sentences


 He came to my house at noon. (grammatical)
 He came my house at noon. (ungrammatical)
 Did the old man enjoy the view? (grammatical)
 Did the old man enjoying the view? (ungrammatical)

Phrase
A. Definition
A phrase is grammatical term referring to a group of words that does not include a
subject and verb. A phrase is a group (or pairing) of words in English. A phrase can be
long or short but it does not include the subject-verb pairing necessary to make a clause.

Examples:

 Meal (word)
 After the meal (phrase)
 That mom prepared
 After the meal that mom prepared I felt full. (sentence)
 after the meal that mom prepared, I felt full because I ate too much.
(complex sentence)
 after the meal that mom prepared I felt full, but my brother was still
hungry (compound sentence)

B. the structure of phrase


 noun phrase (NP)
 verb phrase (VP)
 adverbial phrase (AdvP)
 Gerund phrase
 Infinitive phrase
 Appositive phrase
 Participle phrase
 Prepositional phrase (PrepP)
 Absolute phrase

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