COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

SECTOR: ELECTRONIC SECTOR

QUALIFICATION TITLE: COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency: INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Module Title: INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

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 Computer System Servicing NC II
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

List of Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Install and configure Installing and Configuring

ELC724331
1.
computer systems computer systems

Setting up Computer ELC724332

2. Set up Computer Networks
Networks

ELC724333
3. Set up Computer Servers Setting up Computer Servers

Maintain and Repair Maintaining and Repairing

4. Computer System and Computer System andELC724334
Networks Networks

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 MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Install and Configure Computer Systems

MODULE TITLE : Installing and Configuring Computer Systems

MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the outcomes required in

installing and configuring desktop and workstation computers systems. It
consists of competencies to assemble computer hardware, install operating
system and drivers for peripherals/devices, and install application software
as well as to conduct testing and documentation.

NOMINAL DURATION: 40 Hours

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Assemble computer hardware
2. Prepare installer
3. Install operating system and drivers for peripherals
4. Install application software
5. Conduct testing and documentation

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1.1 Unit assembly is planned and prepared to ensure OH&S policies and
procedures are followed in accordance with systems requirements.
1.2 Materials necessary to complete the work are identified and obtained
in accordance with established procedures and checked against
systems requirements.
1.3 Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the
installation work are obtained in accordance with established
procedures and checked for correct operation and safety.
1.4 Computer hardware is assembled in accordance with established
procedures and systems requirements.
1.5 Basic-input-output-system (BIOS) configuration is performed in
accordance with hardware requirements.
2.1 Portable bootable devices are created in accordance with software
manufacturer instruction.
2.2 Customized installer is prepared in accordance with software
utilization guide and end-user agreement.
2.3 Installation of portable applications are carried out in accordance with
software user guide and software license.

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3.1 Operating system (OS) is installed in accordance with established
installation procedures and to comply with end user requirements.
3.2 Peripherals/devices drivers are installed and configured in accordance
with manufacturer’s instructions and/or OS installation procedures.
3.3 OS and driver’s updates/patches are accessed and installed in
accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and requirements.
3.4 Ongoing checks of the quality of the works are undertaken in
accordance with established procedures
4.1 Application software are installed based on software installation
guides, end user requirements and software license agreement.
4.2 Variation to application software installation is carried out in
accordance to customer/client requirements.
4.3 Software updates are accessed and installed in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendation and requirements.
5.1 Devices / systems and /or installation is tested to determine whether
it conforms to requirements.
5.2 Stress test is conducted to ensure reliability of equipment in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and system
requirements.
5.3 5S and 3Rs are followed according to environmental policies
5.4 Documentation in relation to the test is forwarded to appropriate
personnel and/or authority in accordance with requirements.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1
(ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE)
Contents:

1. Plan and prepare unit assembly

2. Identify and obtain the materials, tools and equipment in accordance
with job requirements
3. Follow OH&S policies and procedures to ensure operation safety
requirements.
4. Assemble computer hardware in accordance with job and system
requirements
5. Configuration of BIOS in accordance with hardware requirements

Assessment Criteria
1. Unit assembly is planned and prepared to ensure Occupational Health
and Safety policies and procedures are followed; the work is
appropriately sequenced in accordance with requirements.
2. Materials necessary to complete the work are obtained in accordance
with established procedures and checked against job requirements.
3. Tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the
installation work are obtained in accordance with established
procedures and checked for correct operation and safety.
4. Computer hardware is assembled in accordance with established
procedures and systems requirements.
5. Basic-Input-Output-System (BIOS) configuration is performed in
accordance with hardware requirements

Conditions

The participants will have access to:

1. PC or Workstations
2. Instructional Manuals such as: Occupational Health and Safety
policies and procedure manual, device manual and hardware
diagrams and charts.
3. Tools, equipment and test instruments such as: protective eyewear,
digital multi-meter, crimping tools, pliers, screw drivers, Anti-Static
Wrist strap, set of screw drivers, cutter, Allen wrench, flashlight, cable
tie.
Assessment Method:
1. Hands-on
2. Direct Observation
3. Practical Demonstration
4. Oral Questioning

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 Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome No. 1
(ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE)

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Provide an Information Sheet on Read the information sheet 1.1-1 on
Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) Occupational Health& Safety
Policies and Procedures. (OH&S) Policies and Procedures
2. Read Information sheet and Compare your answers to Self-
Answer Self Check 1.1-1 Check Answer 1.1-1
3. Provide an Information Sheet on Read the information sheet 1.1-2 on
identifying and obtaining the Identifying and Obtaining the
necessary materials to complete the necessary materials to complete the
work work.
4. Read information sheet and Compare your answer to Self-Check
Answer Self Check 1.1-2 Answer 1.1-2

5. Provide an Information Sheet on Read the information sheet 1.1-3 on

obtaining tools and equipment and Obtaining tools and equipment and
testing devices for installation work. testing devices for installation work.
6. Read information sheet and
Answer Self Check 1.1-3 Compare your answers to Self-
Check Answer 1.1-3

7. Guided. Proceed to the tool room Compare Answers to Self-Check

and do Task Sheet 1.1-4 on Answers 1.1-4
identifying computer components and
peripherals
8. Guided. Do the Task Sheet 1.1-5
Observe safety in the workplace.
on Basic-Input-Output-System(BIOS)
Evaluates performance/output
configuration
using performance criteria checklist
1.1-5

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 Information Sheet 1.1-1
(Occupational Health and Safety Policies and Procedures)

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify the basic precautions and procedures in planning, preparing,
installing and testing of computer hardware and software.
2. Identifying the OH&S policies and guidelines in Computer System
Servicing
3. Determining the effects of computers to the people, health risk, and to
the environment

During installation and initial test, careful planning and preparation

are to be done. To avoid personal injury and damages to wiring due to sharp
pins on connectors and printed circuit assemblies, rough chassis edges and
corners, and hot components
Adhere to warnings and limitations regarding accessibility into areas
designated only for authorized technical personnel.

SOME BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES

 Before starting the installation, read carefully the documentation and

procedures on any hardware and software settings that may be required.

 Failure to do the proper jumper setting may cause damage to your CPU.

 Without an effective cooling fan, the CPU can overheat and cause damage to
both CPU and the motherboard.

 Each bank must have the same size and type of memory installed in pairs.

 Before adding and removing any other system components, make sure that
you unplug your power supply. Failure to do so may cause damage to your
motherboard and in the system component.

 Test the computer, insuring that it meets the necessary system

requirements before booting up.

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 If the computer does not pass any of the power on self-test (POST), the
computer will receive an irregular power on self-test. An irregular POST is a
beep code which is different from the standard beep which can either be no
beeps at all or a combination of different beeps.

Computer System Servicing OH&S Policies and Guidelines

1. Always power off the computer and unplug the computer before
working on it.
2. Take away any liquid near your working area to avoid getting
electrocuted or accidentally damaging computer parts.
3. Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.
4. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the
computer.
5. Do not use excessive force if things don't quite slip into place.
6. Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and
prevent accidents.
7. Hold the components on the edges and do not touch the Integrated
Circuit (IC) parts.
8. Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with
the organization's OHS procedures and practices.
9. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable
connector.
10. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other
emergencies are recognized.

EFFECTS OF COMPUTERS

Some effects of computers relating to the violation of privacy, the

impact on the labor force, health risks, and the impact on the environment.
1. Violation of Privacy

Nearly every life event is stored in a computer somewhere--in medical

records, credit reports, tax records, etc. It is crucial that personal and
confidential records be protected properly. In many instances, where these
records were not properly protected, individuals have found their privacy
violated and identities stolen.

2. Impact on Labor Force

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 Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and
created an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the
skills of millions of workers and managers have been replaced by
computers. Thus, it is crucial that workers keep their education up-to-date.
A separate impact on the labor force is that some companies are
outsourcing jobs to foreign countries instead of keeping their homeland
labor force employed.

3. Health Risks

Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders

of the hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, necks, and back. Computer users can
protect themselves from these health risks through proper workplace design,
good posture while at the computer, and appropriately spaced work breaks.
Another health risk, called computer addiction, occurs when someone
becomes obsessed with using the computer. Once recognized, computer
addiction is a treatable disorder.

4. Public Safety

Adults, teen, and children around the world are using computers to
share publicly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal
information. Some of these unsuspecting, innocent computer users have
fallen victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers. Protect yourself
and your dependents from these criminals by being cautious. For example,
do not share information that would allow others to identify or locate you.

5. Impact on Environment

Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting

natural resources and polluting the environment. The amount of resources
required to manufacture a personal computer equals that of a mid-sized car.
When computers are discarded in landfills, they release toxic materials and
potentially dangerous levels of lead, mercury, and flame retardants.

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Strategies that can help protect the environment include recycling,
regulating manufacturing processes, extending the life of computers, and
immediately donating replaced computers.
Self- Check No. 1.1-1

A. IDENTIFICATION

Direction: identify the precautions and procedures write TRUE if the

statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.

________________1. Failure to do the proper jumper setting may cause

damage to your CPU.
________________2. After adding and removing any other system components,
make sure that you unplug your power supply.
________________3. Test the computer, insuring that it meets the necessary
system requirements before booting up.
________________4. With an effective cooling fan, the CPU can overheat and
cause damage to both CPU and the motherboard.
________________5. After starting the installation, read carefully the
documentation and procedures on any hardware and software settings that
may be required.

B. Matching Type

Direction: Select your answer on the choices below that will correspond on
the statement. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

A. Violation of Privacy
B. Impact of the Environment
C. Public Safety
D. Health Risk
E. Impact of Labor Force

_______1. Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are

depleting natural resources and polluting the environment

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_______2. Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and
created an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the
skills of millions of workers and managers have been replaced by
computers.
_______3. It is crucial that personal and confidential records be protected
properly
_______4. Adults, teen and children around the world are using computers to
share publicly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal
information.
_______5. Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or
disorders of the hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, necks, and back.

Compare your answers with the Answer Key on the next page. If you get
80% and above, then you may proceed to the next activity but if not,
master the lesson and take the Self-Check again.

ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

A. IDENTIFICATION

1. TRUE

2. FALSE

3. TRUE

4. FALSE

5. FALSE

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. B

2. E

3. A

4. C

5. D

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 Information Sheet 1.1-2

(Computer Components and Devices)

Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:

1. Identify and obtained the necessary materials in an assembling computer

system.

2. Classify of the hardware and software components of a computer with its

corresponding functions.

3. Determine the various computer components and peripherals.

A computer system is a special subsystem of an organization's overall

information system. It is an integrated assembly of devices, centered on at
least one processing mechanism utilizing digital electronics, which are used
to input, process, store, and output data and information.
Putting together a complete computer system, however, is more
involved than just connecting computer devices. In an effective and efficient
system, components are selected and organized with an understanding of
the inherent tradeoffs between overall system performance and cost, control,
and complexity.

Basic Hardware Components of Computer System

Today, almost everyone in our information society has a basic

understanding of what a computer is and what it can do. A contemporary
computer system consists of a central processing unit, primary storage,
secondary storage, input devices, output devices and communications
devices that work together with software to perform calculations, organize
date, and communicate with other computers.

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 A computer is an electric machine, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory, that can be programmed to accept
data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it away in
a secondary storage device (store) for safekeeping or later reuse. The
processing of input into output is directed by the software but performed by
the hardware. Figure below show some common computer hardware
components.

Figure 1 Common Computer Hardware Components

Computer system hardware components include devices that perform

the functions of input, processing, data storage; output and communication.
The devices responsible for these five areas are as follows:

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 Figure 2 Computer System

 INPUT DEVICES

Input devices allow you to enter data or commands in form that

the computer can use; they send the data or commands to the
processing unit. Commonly-used input devices include keyboard,
mouse, microphone, scanner, digital camera, and PC camera.

Figure 3 Input Devices

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 OUTPUT DEVICES

Output devices show people the processed data-information-in

understandable and useful form. Four commonly used output devices
are a printer, a monitor, speaker, and a portable media player.
Input/output devices are playing an increasingly significant role in
our lives. The number and variety of input/output devices are
expanding.

Figure 4 Output Devices

 PROCESSING DEVICES

Processing devices are the computer electronic circuitry housed

in the system unit. The circuitry in the system unit is part of a circuit
board called the motherboard. Two major components on the
motherboard are the processor and memory. The processor, formally
known as the central processing unit (CPU), has electronic circuitry
that manipulates input data into the information people want.
Computer instructions are actually are executed in the central
processing unit. Memory is a series of electronic elements that
temporarily holds data and program instructions while they are being
processed by the CPU. Both the processor and memory consist of

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 chips. A chip is an electronic device that contains many microscopic
pathways designed to carry electrical current.

 STORAGE DEVICES

Storage usually means secondary storage that can store data

and programs outside the computer itself. Storage devices hold data,
information, and programs permanently. These devices supplement
memory (also called primary storage) that can hold data and programs
only temporarily. Common storage devices include a hard disk, USB
flash drives, CDs, DVDs, and memory cards. A drive is a device that
reads from and writes onto a storage medium. A storage medium is
the physical material on which data, information, and program are
stored. Some portable devices, such as digital cameras, use memory
cards as the storage media.

 COMMUNICATION DEVICES

Communications devices provide connections between the

computer and communications networks, and enable computer users
to communicate and to exchange data, information, and programs
with other computers. Communications devices transmit these items
over transmission media such as cables, telephone lines, satellites,
and cellular radio. A widely used communications device is a modem.

In summary, we communicate with computers through input/output

devices. Input devices translate our data and communications into a form
that the computer can understand. The computer then processes these
data, and an output device translates them back into a form we can
understand. The central processing unit manipulates data and controls the
other parts of the computer system. Memory (primary storage) temporarily
stores data and program instructions during processing, while secondary

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storage feeds data and instructions into the central processor and stores
data for future use.

THE SYSTEM UNIT

THE MOTHER BOARD

The system unit is a box-like case that houses the processor, memory
and other electronic components of the computer that are used to process
data. All other computer system devices, such as the monitor, keyboard,
and mouse, are linked either directly or indirectly into the system unit.

Figure 5 System Unit

Figure below shows some of the components inside the system unit on
a typical PC, including the processor, memory, expansion cards, drive bays,
power supply, ports and connectors. The processor is the device that
executes program instructions. The memory device is a package that holds
temporarily data and program instructions during processing. An expansion
card is a circuit board that adds devices or capabilities to the computer.

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Finally, devices outside the system unit, such as a keyboard, mouse,
monitor, printer, or microphone, are attached by a cable to a port or
connector on the system unit.

Figure 6 inside System Unit

To conserve on space, all-in-one computer houses the system unit in
the same physical case as the monitor. On notebook computers, the
keyboard and pointing device often occupy the area on the top of the system
unit. The display attaches to the system unit by a hinge. The system unit on
a handheld computer usually consumes the entire device. On these devices,
the display is part of the system unit too.
When the cover of a system unit is removed, the motherboard, also
called system board, can be seen inside the housing. The motherboard, a
single circuit board, provides the path through which the processor
communicates with memory components, other components, and peripheral
devices. In a typical personal computer, the components attached to the
motherboard include processor, memory chips, support electronic circuitry,

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and expansion boards. It is the processor that is the most important
component of the motherboard.

Figure 7 Motherboards
Many electronic components attach to the motherboard

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 A computer chip is a small piece of semi conducting material, usually
silicon, on which one or more integrated circuits are etched. The various
chips have standard-sized pin connectors that allow them to be attached to
the motherboard and, there, to a common electrical path, called bus, that
enables data flow between the various system components.
An integrated circuit (IC) contains many microscopic pathways
capable of carrying electrical current. Each integrated circuit can contain
millions of elements such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors.
Transistors act as electronic switches that may or may not allow current to
pass through. If current passes through, the switch is on, representing the 1
bit. If current does not pass through, the switch is off, representing a 0 bit.
Thus, combinations of transistors can stand for combinations of bits, which
represent numbers, letters, and other characters. The motherboard in the
system unit contains many different types of chips. A miniaturized central
processing unit can be etched on a chip, then the term computer on a
chip.
A central processing unit on a chip is called a microprocessor. On a
personal computer, the central processing unit (CPU) usually is contained
on a single chip. On the larger computers such as mainframes and
supercomputer, the various functions performed by CPU are spread across
many separate chips. Today's popular Pentium microprocessor contains
more than one hundred million transistors.

Ultimately, the type of processor and the amount of RAM placed on

the motherboard define the computer’s speed and capacity. The processor is
generally not made by the manufacturers of PCs. It is made by companies
that specialized in the development and manufacture of microprocessors. A
number of companies make microprocessors, including Intel, IBM, Motorola,
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and Cyrix. Most chips are no bigger than
one-half-inch square. Manufacturer’s package chips so the chips can be
attached to a circuit board such as a motherboard, memory module, or
adapter card.
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 A variety of chip packages exist. One type, called a dual inline
package (DIP), consists of two parallel rows of pints that attach the chip
package to the circuit board. A pin grid array (PGA) package holds a larger
number of pins because the pins are mounted on the surface of the
package. A flip chip-PGA (FC-PGA) package is a higher-performance PGA
packaging that places the chip on the opposite side of the pins. Another high
performance packaging technique does not use pins. A single edge contact
(SEC) cartridge connects to the motherboard on one of its edges.

Figure 8 some common chip packages

THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

The central processing unit (CPU), also called processor, interprets
and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. The CPU
significantly impacts overall computing power and manages most of a
computer's operations. On larger computers, such as mainframes and
supercomputers, the various functions performed by the processor extend
over many separate chips and often multiple circuit boards. On a personal
computer, all functions of the processor usually are on a single chip.
Most processor chip manufacturers now offer multi-core processors. A
multi-core processor is a single-chip with two or more separate processors.
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Two common multi-core processors used today are dual-core and quad-core.
A dual-core processor is a chip that contains tow separate processors.
Similarly, a quad-core processor is a chip with four-separate processors.
Each processor on a multi-core chip generally runs at a slower clock speed
than a single-core processor, but multi-core ships typically increase overall
performance.
Memory
While performing a processing operation, a processor needs a place to
temporarily store instructions to be executed and the data to be used with
those instructions. The CPU cannot process data on an input device or disk
directly; the data must first be available in memory. A computer's memory
in the system unit, located physically close to the CPU (to decrease access
time), provides the CPU with a working storage area for program
instructions, data and information. Memory is also known as primary
storage or internal storage. Memory usually consists of one or more chips
on the motherboard or some other circuit board in the computer.
The major feature of memory is that it rapidly provides the
instructions and data to the CPU.
Memory stores three basic categories of items:
1. The operating system and other system software that control or
maintain the computer and its devices;
2. Application programs that carry out a specific task such as word
processing; and
3. The data being processed by the application programs and resulting
information.
This role of memory to store both data and programs is known as the
stored program concept.

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 Figure 9 Memory and Storage Sizes

Programs and data are placed in memory before processing, between

processing steps, and after processing have ended, prior to being returned to
secondary storage or released as output. Recall that a character is stored in
the computer as a group of 0s and 1s, called a byte. Thus, a byte is the
basic storage unit in memory. Like the CPU, memory components contain
thousands of circuits imprinted on a silicon chip. Each circuit is either
conducting electrical current (on) or not (off). By representing data as a
combination of on or off circuit states, the data is stored in memory. When
application program instructions and data are transferred into memory from
storage devices, each of bytes is placed in a precise location in memory,
called an address. This address is simply a unique number identifying the
location of the byte in memory. To access data or instructions in memory,
the computer references the addresses that contain bytes of data. The size of
memory is measured by the number of bytes available for use (Figure 4-17).
A kilobyte of memory is equal to exactly 1,024 bytes. To make storage
definitions easier to identify, computer users often round a kilobyte down to
1,000 bytes. A megabyte (MB) is equal to approximately 1 million bytes. A
gigabyte (GB) equals approximately 1 billion bytes. A terabyte (TB) is equal
to approximately 1 trillion bytes.
The system unit contains two types of memory: volatile and
nonvolatile. The contents of volatile memory are lost when the computer
power is turned off. In nonvolatile memory, the combination of circuit
states is fixed, and therefore the contents of nonvolatile memory are not lost
when power is removed from the computer. RAM is the most common type
of volatile memory. Examples of nonvolatile memory include ROM, flash
memory and CMOS. The following sub-sections discuss these types of
memory.

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RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM is the memory chips that are mounted directly on the
motherboard or mounted on peripheral cards that plug into the
motherboard. The RAM chips consist of millions of switches that are
sensitive to changes in electric current. When the computer is powered on,
certain operating system files are loaded from a storage device such as a
hard disk into RAM. These files remain in RAM as long as the computer is
running. As additional programs and data are requested, they are read from
storage into RAM. The processor acts upon the data while it is in RAM.
During the running time, the contents of RAM may change as the program
is executed.
RAM comes in many different varieties. Three basic types of RAM are
dynamic RAM, static RAM, and magneto resistive RAM. Dynamic RAM
(DRAM) must be refreshed (or recharged) constantly by the CPU or it loses
its contents. Many variations of DRAM chips exist, most of which are faster
than the basic DRAM.
-SDRAM-
One type of DRAM is Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), which is much
faster than DRAM because it is synchronized to the system clock. Double
Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM chips are even faster than SDRAM chips because
they transfer data twice for each clock cycle, instead of just once, and DDR2
and DDR3 are even faster than DDR. Dual channel SDRAM is faster than
single channel SDRAM because it delivers twice the amount of data to the
processor. Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) is yet another type of DRAM that is
much faster than SDRAM because it uses pipelining techniques. Most
personal computers today use some form of SDRAM chips or RDRAM chips.

-SRAM-
Static RAM (SRAM) is faster and more reliable than any form of
DRAM. The term static refers to the fact that it does not have to be re-
energized as often as DRAM. SRAM is much more expensive than DRAM,
thus it is usually used for special purpose, such as used in cache.

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-MRAM-
A newer type of RAM, called magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), stores
data using magnetic charges instead of electrical charges. Manufacturers
claim that MRAM has greater storage capacity, consumes less power, and
has faster access times than electronic RAM. Also, MRAM retains its
contents after power is removed from the computer, which could prevent
loss of data for users. As the cost of MRAM declines, experts predict MRAM
could replace both DRAM and SRAM.
RAM chips usually are packaged on a small circuit board, called
memory module, which is inserted into the motherboard (Figure 4-19).
Three types of memory modules are SIMMs, DIMMs, and RIMMs. A single
inline memory module (SIMM) has pins on opposite sides of the circuit
board that connect together to form a single set of contacts. With a dual
inline memory module (DIMM), the pins on opposite sides of the circuit
board do not connect and thus form two sets of contacts. SIMMs and
DIMMs typically hold SDRAM chips. A Rambus inline memory module
(RIMM) houses RDRAM chips.

Figure 10 A memory module being inserted in a motherboard

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 The amount of RAM a computer requires often depends on the types
of applications you plan to use on the computer. A computer only can
manipulate data that is in memory. A computer needs a certain amount of
memory to store programs, data, and information. The more RAM a
computer has, the faster the computer will respond.
A software package usually indicates the minimum amount of RAM it
requires. If you want the application to perform optimally, typically you need
more than the minimum specifications on the software package. The
necessary amount of RAM varies according to the type of work you do and
the type of software applications you are using. The amount of RAM on your
computer determines how many programs and how much data a computer
can handle at one time and thus affects overall performance. Generally,
home users running Windows Vista and using basic application software
such as word processing should have at least 1GB of RAM. Most business
users who work with accounting, financial, or spreadsheet programs, and
programs requiring multimedia capabilities should have 1 to 4 GB of RAM.
Users creating professional Web sites or using graphics-intensive
applications will want 4GB or more of RAM. The amount of RAM in
computers purchased today ranges from 1GB to 64GB. In an advertisement,
manufacturers specify the maximum amount of RAM a computer can hold,
for example, 1GB expandable to 2GB.

ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)

Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent
data and instructions. That is, the items stored in ROM chips cannot be
modified--hence, the name read-only. ROM is usually nonvolatile. In ROM,
the combination of circuit states is fixed, and therefore its contents are not
lost if the power is removed. The data, instructions, or information stored on
ROM chips often are recorded when the chip is manufactured. ROM chips
that contain permanently written data, instructions, or information are
called firmware. Firmware can be read and used, but cannot be changed by
user. For example, ROM contains the programs that direct the computer to
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load the operating system and other files when the computer is turned on.
In addition to computers, many devices contain ROM chips. For example,
ROM chips in printers contain data for fonts.
Programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a blank ROM chip on
which you can permanently place data and programs. Once the data and
instructions are programmed into PROM chip, the chip functions like a
regular ROM and cannot be erased or changed. A variation of the PROM
chip, called electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
(EEPROM) chip, allows a programmer to erase the microcode with an electric
signal. EEPROM chips are where the CPU's data and instructions change,
but only infrequently, such as an industrial robot used in an automobile
manufacturer.
FLASH MEMORY
Another type of nonvolatile memory is called flash memory. Flash
memory is a chip that keeps its memory when the power is shut off. Similar
to a EEPROM chip, flash memory can be erased electronically and
reprogrammed. Most computers use flash memory to hold their startup
instructions because it allows the computer easily to update its contents.
For example, when the computer changes from standard time to day-light
savings time, the contents of a flash memory chip (and the real-time clock
chip) change to reflect the new time.
Flash memory chips also store data and programs on many mobile
computers and devices, such as smart telephones, digital cameras, pagers,
PDAs, automotive devices, portable media players, digital voice recorders,
and printers. When you enter names and addresses in a smart phone or
PDA, a flash memory chip stores the data. Some portable media players
such as MP3 players store music on flash memory chips; others store music
on tiny hard disks or flash memory cards. The logic capabilities of these
devices can be upgraded by simply downloading new software from the
Internet or a vendor-supplied disk to flash memory.

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CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semi-Conductor)
Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of memory
chips use complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology
because it provides high speeds and consumes little power. CMOS
technology uses battery power to retain information even when the power to
the computer is off. Battery-backed CMOS memory chips, for example, can
keep the calendar, date, and time current even when the computer is off.
The flash memory chips that store a computer's startup information often
use CMOS technology.
EXPANSION SLOT AND ADAPTER CARDS
An expansion slot is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an
adapter card. An adapter card, also called expansion card, is a circuit
board that enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or
provides connections to peripherals. A peripheral is a device that connects
to the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer.
Examples of peripherals are modems, disk drives, printers, scanners, and
keyboards. The adapter cards contain the electronic circuitry for many
supplemental capabilities, such as more memory, higher-quality sound
devices, a modem, extra ports, or graphics capabilities. Figure shows an
expansion card being plugged into an expansion slot on a personal
computer motherboard.
Figure below lists currently used types of adapter cards. Sometimes,
all functionality is built in the adapter card. With others, a cable connects
the adapter card to a device, such as a digital video camera, outside the
system unit.

Figure 11 Adapter Cards

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Some motherboards include all necessary capabilities and do not require
adapter cards. Other motherboards may require adapter cards to provide
capabilities such as sound and video. A sound card is used to enhance the
sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer by making two basic
functions possible. First it enables sounds to be captured and stored on
disk. Second, it enables sounds to be played through external speakers. The
sound card can add realism to computer games with stereo music and
sound effects.

Figure 12 Currently used adapter cards and their functions

It also allows us to speak commands and enter words to our PCs via
speech recognition. The typical sound card will have receptacles for a
microphone, a headset, an audio output, and a joystick. A video card, also
called video adapter or graphics card, converts computer output into a
video signal that is sent through a cable to the monitor, which displays an
image on the screen.
In the past, installing a card was not easy and required you to set
switches and other elements on the motherboard. Today, many computers
support Plug and Play, which refers to the computer's capability to
automatically configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you install
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them. Having Plug and Play support means that a user can plug in a new
component turn on the computer, and then use or play the component
without having to configure the system manually.
There are four widely used types of removable flash memory
devices: flash memory cards, USB flash drives, PC cards, and
ExpressCard modules. Unlike adapter cards that require you to open the
system unit and install the card on the motherboard, you can change a
removable flash memory device without having to open the system unit or
restart the computer. This feature, called hot plugging, allows you to insert
and remove the removable flash memory and other devices while the
computer is running.

Figure 13 Flash memory cards and USB flash drive

A flash memory card is a removable flash memory device, which you

inset and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card
reader/writer. Many mobile and consumer devices, such as smart phones,
digital cameras, portable media players, and PDAs use these memory cards.
Some printers and computers have built-in card readers/writers or slots
that read flash memory cards. In addition, you can purchase an external
card reader/writer that attaches to any computer. Flash memory cards are
available in a variety of shapes, sizes and capacities.

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 A USB flash drive is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a
USB port on a computer or portable device. A special type of USB flash
drive, called a U3 smart drive, includes preinstalled software accessed
through a Window-type interface.
Many computers have a PC Card slot or an Express Card slot, which
is a special type of expansion slot that holds a PC Card or an Express Card
module, respectively. A PC Card is a thin, credit card-sized removable flash
memory device that primarily is used today to enable notebook computers to
access the Internet wirelessly. Express Card modules are the next
generation of PC Cards. An Express Card module, which can be used as a
removable flash memory device, adds memory, communications,
multimedia, and security capabilities to computers. Both PC Cards and
Express Card modules conform to standards developed by the Personal
Computer Memory Card International Association. These standards help to
ensure the interchangeability of PC Cards and Express Card modules among
personal computers.

OTHER COMPONENTS

BUSES
As previously explained, a computer processes and stores data as a
series of electronic bits. These bits are transferred internally within the
circuitry of the computer along electrical channels. Each channel, called a
bus, allows the various devices inside and attached to the system unit to
communicate with each other. Just as vehicles travel on a highway to move
from one destination to another, bits travel on a bus.

Figure 14 A PC Card slides in a PC Card slot

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 Buses are used to transfer bits from input devices to memory, from
memory to the CPU, from the CPU to memory, and from memory to output
or storage devices. All buses consist of two parts: a data bus and an
address bus. The data bus transfers actual data and the address bus
transfers information about where the data should go in memory.

Figure 15 just as vehicles travel on a highway, bits travel on a bus

A bus is measured by its size. The size of a bus, called the bus width,
determines the number of bits that can be transmitted at one time. For
example, a 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits (4 bytes) at a time. On a 64-bit
bus, 64 bits (8 bytes) are transmitted from one location to another at a time.
The larger the number of bits handled by the bus, the faster the computer
transfers data. If a number in memory occupies 64 bits, it must be
transmitted in two separate steps when using a 32-bit bus: once for the first
32 bits and once for the second 32 bits. Using a 64-bit bus, however, the
number can be transmitted in a single step, transferring all 64 bits at once.
The wider the bus, the fewer number of transfer steps required and the
faster the transfer of data. Most personal computers today use a 64-bit bus.

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 Every bus also has a clock speed. Just like the processor, the clock
speed for a bus is measured in megahertz. The higher the bus clock speed,
the faster the transmission of data, which results in applications running
faster. Most of today's processors have a bus clock speed of 400, 533, 667,
800, 1066, or 1333 MHz.

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 Figure 16 Buses allow the various devices inside and attached to the
system unit to communicate with each other

Two basic types of buses are found in a computer: a system bus and
an expansion bus. A system bus is part of the motherboard and connects
the CPU to main memory. An expansion bus allows the CPU to
communicate with peripheral devices. Data transmitted to the CPU travels
from the expansion bus and the system bus. When computer professionals
use the term bus by itself, they usually are referring to the system bus.
Since the types of expansion buses on a motherboard determine the types of
expansion cards you can add, you should understand the expansion buses
commonly found in today's personal computers:

 An old and slowest expansion bus is the ISA (Industry Standard

Architecture) bus. A mouse, modem card, sound card, and low-speed
network card are examples of devices that connect to the ISA bus
directly or through an ISA bus expansion slot.

 The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus is a high-speed

expansion bus that connects higher speed devices. Types of cards
inserted into a PCI bus expansion slot include video cards, sound
cards, SCSI cards, and high-speed network cards. The PCI bus
transfers data about four times faster than the ISA bus. Most current
personal computers have a PCI bus.

 The PCI Express (PCIe) bus is an expansion bus that expands on and
doubles the speed of the original PCI bus. Nearly all video cards today
use the PCI Express bus, as well as many hard disks and network
cards. Experts predict the PCI Express bus eventually will replace the
PCI bus completely.

 The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is actually a bus designed by

Intel to improve the speed with which 3-D graphics and video are
transmitted. When an AGP video card is inserted in an AGP bus slot,
the AGP bus provides a faster, dedicated interface between the video
card and memory. Newer processors support AGP technology.

 The Universal Serial Bus (USB) and FireWire bus are buses that
eliminate the need to install expansion cards into expansion slots. In a
computer equipped with a USB, USB devices are connected to each
other outside the system unit and then a single cable attaches to the
USB port. The USB port then connects to USB, which connects to the

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 PCI bus on the motherboard. The USB hot plug feature allows
peripheral devices to be connected to or removed from the USB port
while the PC is running. The FireWire bus works in a similar fashion.
With these buses, expansion slots are available for devices not
compatible with USB or FireWire.

 The expansion bus for a PC Card is the PC Card bus. With a PC Card
inserted into a PC Card slot, data travels on the PC Card bus to the
PCI bus.

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 Figure 17 System Unit Ports

PORTS AND CONNECTORS

A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates

with a system unit so that the peripheral can send data to or receive
information from the computer. A peripheral device, such as a keyboard,
monitor, printer, mouse, digital camera, and microphone, often attaches by
a cable to a port on the system unit. Most of the time, ports are located on
the back of the system unit, but they also can be placed on the front .
A connector joins a cable to a port. A connector at one end of a cable
attaches to a port on the system unit, and a connector at the other end of
the cable attaches to a port on the peripheral. Most connectors are available
in one of two genders: male and female. Male connectors have one or more
exposed pins.

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 Female connectors have matching holes to accept the pints on a male
connector. Manufacturers often identify the cables by their connector types
to assist you with purchasing a cable to connect a computer to a peripheral.
Figure show the different types of connectors you may find on a system unit.
Notice that some are color-coded to help you match the connector to the
correct port. Some system units include these connectors when you buy the
computer. You add other connectors by inserting adapter cards on the
motherboard. Certain adapter cards have ports that allow you to attach a
peripheral to the adapter card.

The motherboard is designed with several port options; including at

least one serial port and parallel port each, several USB ports, and a
FireWire port.

 A serial port is a type of interface that connects a device to the

system unit by transmitting data one bit at a time. It usually used to
connect devices that do not required fast data transmission rates,
such as a mouse or keyboard. The COM port (short for
communications port) on the system unit is one type of serial port.
Some modems, which connect the system unit to a telephone line, use
a serial port because the telephone line expects the data in a serial
form. Serial ports conform to either the RS-232 or RS-422 standard
with 9-pin or 25-pin. One of the 9 or 25 lines carries the serial signal
to the peripheral device, and another line carries the signal from the
device. The other lines carry control signals.

 Parallel ports allow the parallel transmission of data; that is, several
bits are transmitted simultaneously. Figure also shows how 8-bit
bytes travel in parallel over 8 separate lines. Extra lines carry control
signals. Parallel ports use the same 25-pin RS-232C connector or the
36-pin Centronics connector. These ports provide the interface for
such devices as high-speed printers, external magnetic tape or disk
backup units, and other computers. Two newer types of parallel ports,
the EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port) and the ECP (Extended Capabilities
Port), use the same connectors as the Centronics port, but are more
than 10 times faster.

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 Figure 18 Serial and Parallel Ports

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  USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports are used in high-speed device
interfaces. Up to 127 peripheral devices can be daisy-chained to a
single USB port. USB ports are ideal for digital cameras, scanners,
games controllers, MP3 music player, CD & DVD, removable hard
disk, PDA, smart phone, and high-speed modems. Many system units
have six to eight USB ports. Some newer peripheral devices may
attach only to a USB port. Others attach to either a serial or parallel
port, as well as a USB port. When connecting a device to a USB port,
you do not need to install a card in the computer. Simply plug one
end of the cable into the USB port and the other end into the device.
To attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port, you can use a
USB hub. A USB hub is a device that plugs in a USB port on the
system unit and contains multiple USB ports in which you plug cables
from USB devices. Some USB hubs are wireless. The latest version of
USB, called USB 2.0, is more advanced and faster USB, with speeds
40 times higher than that of its predecessor.

 FireWire ports, also called IEEE 1394 port, are similar to the USB
port and can connect multiple types of devices that require faster data
transmission speeds such as digital video cameras, digital
VCRs color printer, scanners, digital cameras, and DVD drives to a
single connector. Up to 63 devices can be connected together using a
FireWire port. The latest FireWire version, called FireWire 800, is
much more advanced than its predecessor, FireWire 400. The FireWire
also supports Plug and Play. Many computer professionals believe
that ports such as USB and FireWire someday will replace serial and
parallel ports completely. Having standard ports and connectors, such
as USB and FireWire, greatly simplify the process of attaching devices
to a computer. In general, FireWire has replaced parallel and SCSI
ports, and USB ports have replaced mouse, keyboard, serial, audio,
and parallel ports. Some newer computers do not have a serial or
parallel port. Users plug the device in a USB or FireWire port. Figure
4-32 shows how USB and FireWire are replacing other ports
completely.

There are five special-purpose ports available: MIDI, eSATA, SCSI,

IrDA, and Bluetooth. These ports are not included in typical computers. For
a computer to have these ports, you often must customize the computer
purchase order. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) ports connect the
system unit to a musical instrument, such as an electronic keyboard. The
electronic music industry has adopted MIDI as a standard to define how
devices, such as sound cards and synthesizers, represent sounds

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electronically. A synthesizer, which can be a peripheral or a chip, creates
sound from digital instructions. A system unit with a MIDI port has the
capability of recording sounds that have been created by a synthesizer and
the processing the sounds to create new sounds. Nearly every sound card
supports the MIDI standard, so you can play and manipulate on one
computer sounds that originally were created on another computer.
An eSATA (external Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)
port, allows you to connect an external SATA hard disk to a computer. SATA
hard disks are popular because of their fast data transmission speeds.
eSATA connections provide up to six times faster data transmission speeds
than external hard disks attached to a computer's USB or FireWire port.
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) ports are special high-
speed parallel port and provide a parallel interface that enables faster data
transmission than serial and parallel ports. Also up to 15 SCSI peripheral
devices can be daisy-chained to a single SCSI port; that is, they are
connected along a single cable. The first SCSI device connects to the
computer, the second SCSI device connects to the first SCSI device, and so
on. SAS (serial-attached SCSI) is a newer type of SCSI that transmits at
much faster speeds than parallel SCSI.

POWER SUPPLY, COOLING TECHNOLOGY

Many personal computers plug in standard wall outlets, which supply

an alternating current (AC) of 115 to 120 volts. This type of power is
unsuitable for use with a computer, which requires a direct current (DC)
ranging from 5 to 12 volts. The power supply is the component of the
system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power. Different
motherboards and computers require different wattages on the power
supply. If a power supply is not providing the necessary power, the
computer will not function properly.

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 Figure 19 Cooling System
Built into the power supply is a fan that keeps the power supply cool.
Many newer computers have additional fans near certain components in the
system unit such as the processor, hard disk, and ports. Processor chips
generate quite a bit of heat, which could cause the chip to burn up.
Although the computer’s main fan generates airflow, many of today’s
processors require additional cooling. A heat sink is a small ceramic or
metal component with fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat
produced by electrical components such as a processor. Because a heat sink
consumes extra space, smaller device called a heat pipe cools processors in
notebook computers.

Figure 20 CPU Fan with Heat Sink

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 TASK SHEET 1.1-2
Title: Identifying the different computer components and peripherals

Performance Objective:
In the tool shop, given the supplies, computer components and
peripherals, materials, and equipment, you are required to identify the
different computer components and peripherals and their specifications
in 15 minutes

Supplies/Materials : Paper and Pen

Equipment : Computer and PPE

Steps/Procedure:
1. Proceed to the station(with PC unit) assigned to you
2. Identify the different components and write the specifications
of each component on your paper.
3. Submit output to trainer for evaluation

Assessment Method: Practicum and Interview

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST TASK 1.1-2

CRITERIA YES NO

Computer components and peripherals are identified

correctly

Questions about the computer components and peripherals

are answered correctly

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) were used properly

The objective of the activity are achieved accordingly

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 Information Sheet 1.1-3

(Tools, Equipment, and Testing Devices)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:

1. Identify the different tools and equipment used in computer systems and
networks

2. Determine the different use and functions of these tools and equipment

One important thing to consider before executing a well-planned

computer installation is that one must be knowledgeable in the different
tools and equipment used in computer systems and networks. Furthermore,
the idea on how these tools and equipment are properly used is another
important consideration in installing computer systems.

HARDWARE FUNCTIONS ILLUSTRATION

TOOLS/EQUIPMENT
Enclose or protect the eye
area in order to prevent
Protective particulates, infectious
Eyewear fluids, or chemicals from
striking the eyes

A multi-meter or a multi-
tester, also known as a
VOM (Volt-Ohm meter), is
Multi-tester or an electronic measuring
Multi-meter instrument that combines
several measurement
functions in one unit.

A plier is a hand tool used

Pliers(Assorted) to hold objects firmly, for
bending, or physical
compression.

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 A screwdriver is a tool
for driving screws and
Screwdriver often rotating other
machine elements with
the mating drive system

A soldering gun is a tool

Soldering Gun for soldering metals
using tin-based solder to
achieve a highly
conductive contact

Desoldering tools are

Desoldering Tool used for removing the
molten solder so that the
joint may be separated.

A hex key, Allen key, or

Allen wrench (also
known by various other
synonyms) is a tool of
hexagonal cross-section
used to drive bolts and
Allen Wrench
screws that have a
hexagonal socket in the
head (internal-wrenching
hexagon drive)

A flashlight (or torch in

British English) is a
hand-held portable
Flashlight electric-powered light
source. Usually the light
source is a small
incandescent light bulb
or light-emitting diode
(LED)

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IC Insertion and Used for extracting and
Extraction Tool inserting BIOS Chip

In hardware servicing a
Mirror mirror is used for
inspecting the
peripherals
Tweezers are tools used
for picking up objects
too small to be easily
Tweezers handled with the human
hands

An antistatic wrist
strap, ESD wrist strap,
or ground bracelet is an
antistatic device used to
Antistatic Wrist safely ground a person
working on very sensitive
Strap
electronic equipment, to
prevent the buildup of
static electricity on their
body, which can result
in electrostatic discharge
(ESD)

A gloves are garments

Gloves for covering and
protecting the whole
hand

a printer is a peripheral
which produces a text or
graphics of documents
Printer stored in electronic form,
usually on physical print
media such as paper or
transparencies

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 A computer is a
programmable machine
designed to
Computer automatically carry out a
sequence of arithmetic
or logical operations
An operating system is
Windows used as an intermediary
Operating between hardware and
System CD/DVD software

An application used to
Device Driver install the device and
CD/DVD peripherals of a
computer systems and
networks

RS232 and D-Sub Pin

RS 232 pin Insertion and Removal
insertion/extract Tool
ion tool

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 SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-3
A. IDENTIFICATION.

Direction: Identify the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the

statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.

________1. Protective Eyewear encloses or protects the nose area in order to

prevent particulates, infectious fluids, or chemicals
________2. Uni-tester is an electronic device for measuring instrument that
combines several measurement and functions
________3. Fliers are hand tool used to hold objects firmly for beding or
physical compression
________4. A screw is a tool for driving screws and often rotating other
machine elements with the mating drive system
________5. A Soldering Gun is a tool for soldering metals using tin-based
solder to achieve a highly conductive contact

B. MATCHING TYPE

Direction: Select your answer on the choices below that will correspond on
the statement. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

F. Mirror

G. Flash light

H. Gloves

I. Tweezers

J. IC Insertion and Extracting Tool

______ 1. A hand held portable electric light source

______ 2. Used for extracting and inserting BIOS Chip
______ 3. Used for inspecting peripherals
______ 4. Intended for picking up objects too small for human hands
______ 5. Used for hand protection

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 Compare your answers with the Answer Key on the next page. If you
get 80% and above, then you may proceed to the next activity but if
] Self-Check again.
not, master the lesson and take the

ANSWER KEY 1.1-5

A. IDENTIFICATION
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. G
2. J
3. F
4. I
5. H

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 Information Sheet 1.1-4

(Assembling Computer Hardware)

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify the proper procedure in assembling computer hardware
2. Apply the OH&S policies and guidelines in assembling computer
hardware
3. Gathering necessary tools and supplies that needed in assembling
computer hardware.

When buying computer parts, you have to make sure that all parts are
compatible with each other to avoid problems due to hardware
incompatibility. Therefore, it is safer to buy computer parts in “barebones
kit” where most of the computer parts, if not all, can be bought together like
the system case, motherboard, power supply, CPU, hard drive and memory.

Steps in assembling computer hardware

Step 1: Gather Tools and Supplies

 Gather the tools your will need for the project

 Screwdriver (for slotted and Philips head screws)
 Wire cutters and strippers
 Needle nose pliers
 Utility knife
 Small flashlight
 Adjustable wrench
 Small container to hold screws
 Heat sink compound
 Grounding strap

Step 2: Open the Case

Open the computer case by removing the side panels. Find the screws
that hold the side panels in place and remove. The panel is removed by first
sliding it back then lifting it away from case.

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 Figure 1 CPU Case

Step 3: Wear an anti-static device

Put the grounding strap on your wrist and connect the other end to
the computer case. If your strap is not equipped with a clip to hook to the
case, find a place to wedge against the metal as shown. This will prevent any
buildup of static electricity on your body from damaging the computer
components.

CAUTION: Static electricity can ruin computer components. Always wear a

grounding strap when handling any internal components.

Figure 2 Anti-static Device on Wrist

Step 4: Install MOTHERBOARD

To install the motherboard we need parts that should have been

included with your purchased components:
I/O Bezel is a trim panel installed in the back of the case that surrounds the
interface ports on the motherboard. It should be included with the
motherboard. Standoffs are installed in the case screw holes to create a riser

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that separates the case and motherboard. The screws install into the
standoffs as shown in the figure. Screws and standoffs should be included
with the case, but it is a good idea to order these items just in case they
aren’t included

Figure 3
Motherboard in the box

Step 5: Install the Hard Drive

The hard drive is the device that stores all of your date. It is 3.5” wide
and needs to be mounted so that you can gain access to the cable
connections on the back. If that is not possible you may need to connect
cables before you install the drive. To mount the drive:

Figure 4 Hard Drive Bays

Find a 3.5” drive bay to install the drive in. if you have trouble finding
a place to mount the drive consult your case documentation for suggestions.
Slide the drive into place until the screw holes on the sides are lined up with
the holes in the case. Install the screws.

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 Figure 5 Hard Drive Mounting Screws

Step 6: Install CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The CPU is the brain of the computer. It is installed on the motherboard in

the socket shown in figure. To install the CPU:

 Find the corner marking that designates pin 1 of the CPU as shown in
figure. On this AMD brand processor, the corner is marked with an
arrow. Consult the manufacturer’s documentation for specific
information about your processor.

Figure 6 Example of an AMD Processor

 Lift the small metal rod next to the socket as shown in figure.

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 Figure 7 CPU Socket Orientation Mark

Step 7: Install RAM (Random Access Memory)

The RAM is the temporary memory location that the processor works
from. Permanently stored data is pulled from disks and stored in RAM while
the processor works with it. The memory is easy to install:

Set the RAM board in the socket as shown in figure 8. Check to see
that the notch in the board is in the correct location. If it is not, turn it
around 180 degrees. Press firmly on both ends of the board to set into into
the socket. Make sure the tabs lock into place as shown in figure 9.

Figure 8 RAM Alignment TAB

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 Figure 9 RAM Socket Lock

Step 8: Install CPU Fan & Case Fan

The case fan is usually installed on the back panel of the case. If the
fan mount is not obvious consult the case documentation.
To mount the fan:
Align the mounting holes by holding the fan to the mounting pad on
the inside of the case as shown in figure. The fan needs to be mounted so
that it blows air out of the case. Insert the screws from the outside of the
case and tighten.

Figure 10 CPU Fan & Case Fan

Step 9: Power Supply

There are two kinds of connections, power and data.

Every device that has been installed needs power. In figure10, the
power supply connectors are shown. The motherboard has two power
connections. And there are two connectors specifically for SATA devices. The
other connectors will run fans and other non-SATA devices.

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 Data cables connect drives and front panel devices to the
motherboard. Please consult the motherboard documentation for the exact
placement of connectors.

Figure 11 Power Supply

JOB SHEET 1.1-4

Title: Performing the assembling of computer hardware

Performance Objective:
In the tool shop, given the supplies, computer components and
peripherals, materials, and equipment, you are required to assemble the
different computer hardware in 10 minutes

Supplies/Materials : Screwdrivers, Pliers, Gloves, Anti-Static

Wrist, protective eyewear

Equipment : Computer and PPE

Steps/Procedure:
1. Proceed to the station(with disassembled PC unit) assigned to
you
2. Identify the different parts of computer needed to assemble
applying the steps in assembling computer unit
3. Assemble the computer hardware provided
4. Submit output to trainer for evaluation

Assessment Method: Demonstration

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 CRITERIA YES NO

Computer components and peripherals are identified

correctly

Questions about the computer components and peripherals

are answered correctly

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) were used properly

Computer hardware components assembled correctly

The objective of the activity are achieved accordingly

Information Sheet 1.1-5

(Basic-Input-Output-System Configuration)

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Demonstrate how to configure Basic-Input-Output-System (BIOS)
2. Identify the steps in configuring BIOS Setup.
3. Determine the purpose of configuring BIOS before installing operating
system.

BIOS stand for Basic Input/output System which is the first software
that is loaded by the PC and prepares the PC for loading the Operating
System. It finds all the hardware components of the PC and it becomes
possible for the PC to load the OS.

One of the purposes of configuring BIOS date and time is too

synchronized the date and time of other computer when setting up windows
server and connecting clients and server to each other.

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 Configuring BIOS Settings

Enter the BIOS Utility:

Step 1: Restart your computer. Open Start, click the power icon, and click
Restart.
 If your computer is locked, click the lock screen, then click the power
icon in the bottom-right corner of the screen and click Restart.
 If your computer is already off, press your computers "On" switch.

Figure 2 Restarting the Operating System

Step 2. Wait for the computer's first startup screen to appear. Once the
startup screen appears, you'll have a very limited window in which you can
press the setup key.
 It's best to start pressing the setup key as soon as the computer
begins to restart.
 If you see "Press [key] to enter setup" or something similar flash
across the bottom of the screen and then disappear, you'll need to
restart and try again.

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 Figure 3 Loading BIOS setup
Step 3. Press and hold Del or F2 to enter setup. The key you're prompted
to press might also be different; if so, use that key instead.

 You'll typically use the "F" keys to access the BIOS. These are at the
top of your keyboard, though you may have to locate and hold the Fn
key while pressing the proper "F" key.
 You can look at your computer model's manual or online support page
to confirm your computer's BIOS key.

Figure 4 BIOS Setup Utility

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Step 4. Wait for your BIOS to load. After successfully hitting the setup
key, the BIOS will load. This should only take a few moments. When the
loading is complete, you will be taken to the BIOS settings menu.

Figure 5 BIOS Setup Controls

Step 5. Familiarize yourself with the BIOS controls. Since BIOS menus
don't support mouse input, you'll need to use the arrow keys and other
computer-specific keys to navigate the BIOS. You can usually find a list of
controls in the bottom-right corner of the BIOS homepage.

Step 6. Change your settings carefully. When adjusting settings in your

BIOS, be sure that you certain what the settings will affect. Changing
settings incorrectly can lead to system or hardware failure.

 If you don't know what you want to change coming into the BIOS, you
probably shouldn't change anything.

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 Figure 6 BIOS Setup Boot

Step 7. Change the boot order. If you want to change what device to boot
from, enter the Boot menu. From here, you can designate which device the
computer will attempt to boot from first. This is useful for booting from a
disc or flash drive to install or repair an operating system.
 You'll typically use the arrow keys to go over to the Boot tab to start
this process.

Figure 7 BIOS Password

Step 8. Create a BIOS password. You can create a password that will lock
the computer from booting unless the correct password is entered.

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 Figure 8 Changing BIOS Date and Time

Step 9. Change your date and time. Your BIOS’s clock will dictate your
Windows clock. If you replace your computer's battery, your BIOS clock will
most likely be reset.

Step 10. Change fan speeds and system voltages. These options are for
advanced users only. In this menu, you can overclock your CPU, potentially
allowing for higher performance. This should be performed only if you are
comfortable with your computer’s hardware.

Figure 9 Save and Exit Changes Made

Step 11. Save and exit. When you are finished adjusting your settings, you
will need to save and exit by using your BIOS' "Save and Exit" key in order
for your changes to take effect. When you save and restart, your computer
will reboot with the new settings. Check the BIOS key legend to see which
key is the "Save and Exit" key.

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 JOB SHEET 1.1-4
Title: Configuring Basic Input/output System (BIOS)

Performance Objective:
Using installed Operating System in Functional System Unit, you are
required to Configure the BIOS by changing the DATE and TIME in 5
minutes

Supplies/Materials : System Unit, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse,

Installed Operating System

Equipment : Functional Computer Set

Steps/Procedure:
1. Proceed to the Running System unit assigned to you
2. Check if the Operating System is Running
3. Enter the BIOS Setup Utility to perform configuration
4. Change the Date and Time based on time running in real-time
5. Let your trainer check your work

Assessment Method: Demonstration/Hands-on

CRITERIA YES NO

Computer components and peripherals are functional.

Operating System is installed in the computer

Enter to the bios setup utility successfully

Step are followed in configuring BIOS Setup

The objective of the activity are achieved accordingly

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 Date Developed: Document No.
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 Date Developed: Document No.
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 Date Developed: Document No.
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