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Electron Configuration Fall 2016

The document discusses electron configuration and how electrons fill different atomic orbitals and energy levels according to specific rules, with the goal of teaching how to determine the electron configuration of any element on the periodic table and identify an element based on its electron configuration. Key concepts covered include orbitals, Hund's rule, the Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and how to write electron configurations and draw orbital diagrams using arrows to represent electrons.

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Aviral Tiwari
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184 views

Electron Configuration Fall 2016

The document discusses electron configuration and how electrons fill different atomic orbitals and energy levels according to specific rules, with the goal of teaching how to determine the electron configuration of any element on the periodic table and identify an element based on its electron configuration. Key concepts covered include orbitals, Hund's rule, the Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and how to write electron configurations and draw orbital diagrams using arrows to represent electrons.

Uploaded by

Aviral Tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electron Configuration

(Section 5.2)
Dr. Walker
Objectives
• To determine the electron configuration of any
of the first 38 elements of the periodic table
• To determine the identity of an element from
its electron configuration
• To complete an orbital diagram using arrows
to represent electrons
Where are Electrons?
• Electrons exist in different energy levels
(previously described as “shells”)

• The energy levels correspond to the horizontal


rows on the periodic table
Where are Electrons?
• Orbitals are areas within shells where the electrons are
located
– These orbitals may have different shapes
– There may be different numbers of orbitals within a shell

• We know the electron is somewhere in the orbital, but


we can’t know exactly where it is or how fast it is
moving
– Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

• Each orbital can hold two electrons (Pauli Exclusion


Principle)
Learning Check
• What are orbitals?

• Where are orbitals?

• How many electrons reside in each orbital?


Learning Check
• What are orbitals? A place where electrons
can be found

• Where are orbitals? Outside the nucleus

• How many electrons reside in each orbital? 2


Types of Orbitals (subshells)
• S orbitals – 1 orbital per shell – holds ___ electrons
total

• P orbitals – 3 orbitals per shell – holds ___ electrons


total

• D orbitals – 5 orbitals per shell – holds ___ electrons


total

• F orbitals – 7 orbitals per shell – holds ___ electrons


total
Types of Orbitals (subshells)
• S orbitals – 1 orbital per shell – holds 2 electrons total

• P orbitals – 3 orbitals per shell – holds 6 electrons total

• D orbitals – 5 orbitals per shell – holds 10 electrons


total

• F orbitals – 7 orbitals per shell – holds 14 electrons


total
Electron Configuration
• Defined
– Electron configuration is the arrangement of
electrons around the nucleus of an atom based on
their energy level.
Actual Electron Configurations
• Total electrons = atomic number
• Electrons are added one at a time to the
lowest energy levels first (Aufbau principle)
• Fill energy levels with electrons until you run
out
• A superscript states how many electrons are in
each level
Order of Orbitals
• Low Energy to High Energy (# of electrons)
– 1s (2)
– 2s (2)
– 2p (6)
– 3s (2)
– 3p (6)
– 4s (2)
– 3d (10)
– 4 p (6)
– 5s (2)
– Continues for the whole periodic table
– You’re expected to know through here
Making Sense of the Order
Another option

• Draw the orbitals in this format, use diagonal


lines to determine order of orbitals to fill
Actual Electron Configurations
• Total electrons = atomic number
• Fill energy levels with electrons until you run
out
• A superscript states how many electrons are in
each level
– Hydrogen – 1s1 – 1 electron total
– Helium – 1s2 – 2 electrons total
– Lithium – 1s22s1 – 3 electrons total
– Beryllium – 1s22s2 – 4 electrons total
Write all

Actual Electron Configurations


• Bigger Elements
– Fill the energy levels until you run out of electrons

– Oxygen

– Sodium

– Titanium
Actual Electron Configurations
• Bigger Elements
– Fill the energy levels until you run out of electrons

– Oxygen
• 1s22s22p4
– Sodium
• 1s22s22p63s1
– Titanium
• 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
Practice
• Potassium
Practice
• Potassium
– Atomic Number = 19
– 1s22s22p63s23p64s1

– Superscripts add up to atomic number


The orbitals and the periodic table

The s suborbital
fills
The orbitals and the periodic table
The p
suborbitals fill
The orbitals and the periodic table

The d
suborbitals fill
Shorthand
• Shorter form of electron configuration

• [Ne] = 1s22s22p6
• [Ar] = 1s22s22p63s23p6

• Potassium
– Atomic Number = 19
– 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
– [Ar]4s1
Pauli Exclusion Principle
• Two electrons in same orbital have different
spins
Orbital Diagrams

-Each electron is an arrow


-They have opposing “spins” – think of two bar magnets together
-Orbital diagrams are visual representations of electron configuration
Hund’s Rule
• When electrons are filling orbitals of the same
energy, they prefer to enter empty orbitals
first. These electrons all have the same spin

• A diagram of nitrogen is shown below (7 total


electrons)
Benchmark Alert!!

Hund’s Rule
• The orbital diagram below violates Hund’s rule
because the third electron does not enter the
empty 2p orbital

Benchmark Alert!!!
Terms to Know & Skills to Master
• Terms
– Orbitals
– Hund’s Rule
– Aufbau principle
– Pauli Exclusion principle
• Skills
– Determining electron configuration from number of
electrons
– Determining the identity of an element from its electron
configuration
– Completing orbital diagrams using arrows to represent
electrons

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