Scribd
Upload
44 views

Digestive System Notes

The document describes the major organs of the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It explains the five phases of digestion - ingestion, movement, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. Key functions of each organ are outlined, such as mechanical and chemical breakdown of food in the mouth, stomach and small intestine and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

Uploaded by

Sirr Run
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views

Digestive System Notes

The document describes the major organs of the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It explains the five phases of digestion - ingestion, movement, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. Key functions of each organ are outlined, such as mechanical and chemical breakdown of food in the mouth, stomach and small intestine and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

Uploaded by

Sirr Run
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

The Digestive System

Organs and Functions


Phases of Digestion
• Phases Include
1. Ingestion
2. Movement
3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Elimination
Digestion

• Mechanical (physical)
• Chew, tear, grind, mash, and mix

• Chemical
• Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
Digestive System Organization

• Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract

• Direct link/path between organs


• Structures
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large Intestine
• Rectum

4
Mouth
• Teeth mechanically break • Epiglottis: flap-like structure
down food into small pieces. at the back of the throat.
• Tongue mixes food with • Closes over the trachea
saliva (contains amylase, preventing food from entering
which helps break down it. It is located in the Pharynx.
starch).
Esophagus
• Approximately 20 cm long.

• Functions include: Secreting


mucus and moving food from the
throat to the stomach using
muscle movement called
peristalsis
• Mouth, Pharynx and Esophagus Video
Stomach
• J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food
and breaks it down into tiny pieces.

• Mixes food with gastric juices that contain


enzymes to break down proteins and lipids.

• Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills


bacteria.

• Food found in the stomach is called chyme.

7
Small Intestine
• Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long

• Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections


called villi, to increase surface area.

• The villi are covered in microvilli which further


increases surface area for absorption.

Crash Course Review


8
Small Intestine
• Nutrients from the food pass into
the bloodstream through the
walls of the small intestine.

• Absorbs:
• 80% ingested water
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids

• Secretes digestive enzymes


9
Large Intestine
• About 1.5 meters long
• Absorbs nutrients left behind by the
small intestines.
• The end of the large intestine is the
rectum. (short term storage which
holds feces before it is expelled).
Large Intestine
• Functions
• Bacterial digestion and
fermentation of
carbohydrates

• Absorbs additional
water

• Concentrates
wastes
Accessory Organs- The Glands

• Not part of the path of


ingested food, but play a
critical role in digestion.

• Includes: Liver, gall


bladder, and pancreas
Liver
• Directly affects digestion by producing
bile
• Bile aids in the digestion of fat
• Filters out toxins and waste including
drugs, alcohol and poisons.

13
Gall Bladder

• Stores bile from the liver,


releases it into the small
intestine.

• Fatty diets can cause the


formation of gallstones
Pancreas

• Produces digestive
enzymes to digest fats,
carbohydrates and
proteins

• Regulates blood sugar by


producing insulin

Web Page Reinforcement Video


On a sheet of paper, write the name of each
colored organ:
• Green:
• Red:
• Pink:
• Brown:
• Purple:
• Green:
• Yellow:
How’d you do?

• Green: Esophagus
• Red: Stomach
• Pink: Small Intestine
• Brown: Large Intestine
• Purple: Liver
• Green: Gall Bladder
• Yellow: Pancreas

Great Job!
References and Links
• Your Digestive System and How It Works
• Digestive system diagram comes from this site
• The Real Deal on the Digestive System
• Pancreas: Introduction and Index
• Your Gross and Cool Body - Digestive System
• Laurentian Regional High School Data Base
- you must know the Username and Password

You might also like