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Kilogram Force Wikipedia

The kilogram-force is a unit of force equal to the force exerted by 1 kilogram of mass in a gravitational field of 9.80665 m/s2. It is approximately equal to 9.80665 newtons. While no longer an SI unit, the kilogram-force was previously used to measure thrust, tension, and pressure. It has now been replaced by the newton as the standard unit of force in the International System of Units.

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493 views

Kilogram Force Wikipedia

The kilogram-force is a unit of force equal to the force exerted by 1 kilogram of mass in a gravitational field of 9.80665 m/s2. It is approximately equal to 9.80665 newtons. While no longer an SI unit, the kilogram-force was previously used to measure thrust, tension, and pressure. It has now been replaced by the newton as the standard unit of force in the International System of Units.

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sharik shah
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Kilogram-force

The kilogram-force (kgf or kgF), or


kilopond (kp, from Latin pondus meaning
weight), is a gravitational metric unit of
force. It is equal to the magnitude of the
force exerted on one kilogram of mass in a
9.806 65 m/s2 gravitational field (standard
gravity, a conventional value
approximating the average magnitude of
gravity on Earth).[1] Therefore, one
kilogram-force is by definition equal to
9.806 65 N.[2][3] Similarly, a gram-force is
9.806 65 mN, and a milligram-force is
9.806 65 μN. One kilogram-force is
approximately 2.204622 pound-force.
Kilogram-force
Unit system Gravitational metric
system

Unit of Force

Symbol kgf 

Conversions

1 kgf in ... ... is equal to ...

   SI units    9.806650 N

   CGS units    980,665.0 dyn

   British Gravitational    2.204623 lbf


units

   Absolute English    70.93164 pdl


units
Kilogram-force is a non-standard unit and
is classified in SI Metric System as a unit
that is unacceptable for use with SI.[4]

History
The gram-force and kilogram-force were
never well-defined units until the CGPM
adopted a standard acceleration of gravity
of 980.665 cm/s2 for this purpose in
1901,[5] though they had been used in low-
precision measurements of force before
that time. The kilogram-force has never
been a part of the International System of
Units (SI), which was introduced in 1960.
The SI unit of force is the newton.
Prior to this, the unit was widely used in
much of the world and it is still in use for
some purposes. The thrust of a rocket
engine, for example, was measured in
kilograms-force in 1940s Germany, in the
Soviet Union (where it remained the
primary unit for thrust in the Russian
space program until at least the late
1980s), and it is still used today in China
and sometimes by the European Space
Agency.

The term "kilopond" has been declared


obsolete[6] and should no longer be used.
It is also used for tension of bicycle
spokes,[7] for informal references to
pressure in kilograms per square
centimeter (1 kp/cm2) which is the
technical atmosphere (at) and very close
to 1 bar and the standard atmosphere
(atm), for the draw weight of bows in
archery, and to define the "metric
horsepower" (PS) as 75 metre-kiloponds
per second.[2] In addition, kilograms force
is the standard unit used for Vickers
hardness testing.
Three approaches to metric units of mass and force or weight[8][9]
v ·t ·eBase Force Weight Mass

2nd law of F
m= a F = Wg⋅ a F=m⋅a
motion

System GM M CGS MTS SI

Acceleration
m/s2 m/s2 Gal m/s2 m/s2
(a)

Mass (m) hyl kilogram gram tonne kilogram

Force (F),
kilopond kilopond dyne sthène newton
weight (W)

Pressure (p) technical atmosphere atmosphere barye pieze pascal

Related units
The tonne-force, metric ton-force,
megagram-force, and megapond (Mp) are
each 1000 kilograms-force.

The decanewton or dekanewton (daN),


exactly 10 N, is used in some fields as an
approximation to the kilogram-force,
because it is close to the 9.80665 N of 1
kgf.

Units of force

v ·t ·e
newton kilogram-force,
dyne pound-force poundal
(SI unit) kilopond

1 N ≡ 1 kg⋅m/s2 = 105 dyn ≈ 0.10197 kp ≈ 0.22481 lbf ≈ 7.2330 pdl

1
= 10−5 N ≡ 1 g⋅cm/s2 ≈ 1.0197 × 10−6 kp ≈ 2.2481 × 10−6 lbf ≈ 7.2330 × 10−5 pdl
dyn

1 kp = 9.80665 N = 980665 dyn ≡ gn ⋅ (1 kg) ≈ 2.2046 lbf ≈ 70.932 pdl

1 lbf ≈ 4.448222 N ≈ 444822 dyn ≈ 0.45359 kp ≡ gn ⋅ (1 lb) ≈ 32.174 pdl

1 pdl ≈ 0.138255 N ≈ 13825 dyn ≈ 0.014098 kp ≈ 0.031081 lbf ≡ 1 lb⋅ft/s2


The value of gn as used in the official definition of the kilogram-force is used here for all gravitational
units.

See also
Metrology
Avoirdupois

References
1. The international system of units (SI) –
United States Department of Commerce,
NIST Special Publication 330, 2008, p. 52
2. NIST Guide for the Use of the
International System of Units (SI) Special
Publication 811, (1995) page 51
3. BIPM SI brochure Archived 2004-06-15
at the Wayback Machine, chapter 2.2.2.
4. NIST Guide to the SI, Chapter 5: Units
Outside the SI
5. Resolution of the 3rd CGPM (1901)
6. European Economic Community, Council
Directive of 18 October 1971 on the
approximation of the laws of the Member
States relating to units of measurement
(Directive 71/354/EEC), Annex, Chapter III.
7. Park Tool. "Balancing wheel tension with
the TM-1 Spoke Tension Meter" .
Cyclingnews. Retrieved 2013-09-03. "The
recommended tension for spokes in bicycle
wheels can be as low as 80 Kilograms force
(Kfg) and as high as 230 Kilograms force."
8. Comings, E. W. (1940). "English
Engineering Units and Their Dimensions".
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 32 (7):
984–987. doi:10.1021/ie50367a028 .
9. Klinkenberg, Adrian (1969). "The
American Engineering System of Units and
Its Dimensional Constant gc". Industrial &
Engineering Chemistry. 61 (4): 53–59.
doi:10.1021/ie50712a010 .
External links
Measurement of forces by comparison
to the kilogram-force unit (video)

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Last edited 2 months ago by Nicegu…

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